A device called incisor inclination indicator to control the axial inclinations of the incisors in the diagnostic setup is introduced. It is used to control the retraction of the maxillary and mandibular incisors. In this article, we describe the use of the incisor inclination indicator to prescribe adequate torque into the anterior lingual brackets and evaluate the results of treatment in a bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion case that underwent orthodontic treatment with the pretorqued anterior lingual brackets. Retraction of the maxillary and mandibular incisors was achieved with careful control of the axial inclination. It is indicated that the use of the incisor inclination indicator is an effective adjunctive laboratory procedure for anterior torque control during retraction in lingual orthodontic treatment.
Incisor* ; Torque*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and prosthetic uses of lower extremity amputee in one Korean county. METHOD: We asked community health worker in Hwa Sung Goon to recruit lower extremity amputees. We contacted them by telephone and tried to know their prosthetic uses, adaptations and their behavior about prosthetic usage. Also, we recruited all lower extremity amputees in Hwa Sung Goon. RESULTS: In Hwa Sung Goon, the prevalence of lower extremity amputees was 35 persons per 100,000. 93.8% of them had prostheses, more than half of them were not satisfied with their prosthetic use. For last 10 years, they changed into new prosthesis per 2.3 years. CONCLUSION: In one Korean county, the prevalence of lower extremity amputees was 0.03%. Most of them used their prosthesis, and walked independently. Their compliances with rehabilitative intervention were very low.
Amputees* ; Community Health Workers ; Humans ; Lower Extremity* ; Prevalence ; Prostheses and Implants ; Telephone

OBJECTIVE: To measure the lumbar segmental range of motion (ROM) with 3-dimensional motion analysis system and compare the results with radiologic ROM measurements. METHOD: Ten healthy adult volunteers were included. We attached surface markers at the corresponding skin surface of each lumbar vertebral bodies and measured lumbar segmental ROM in flexion-extension, right bending, left bending, axial rotation with 3-D motion analysis. We compared some of the results with radiologic segmental ROM measurements. RESULTS: In 3-D motion analysis, segmental ROM of flexion and extension, right bending, left bending, right rotation, left rotation were, respectively: 10.1degrees, 45degrees, 3.5degrees, 1.7degrees and 1.9degrees(L1-L2); 17.9degrees, 6.2degrees, 5.1degrees, 1.4degrees and 1.1degrees (L2-L3); 15.0degrees, 7.2degrees, 4.9degrees, 2.1degrees and 1.1degrees (L3-L4); 14.9degrees, 5.8degrees, 4.6degrees, 1.7degree and 1.6degree (L4-L5); 10.6degrees, 4.9degrees, 3.8degree, 2.6degree and 0.8degree (L5-S1). There was no statistically significant difference in segmental ROM between 3-D motion analysis measurements and radiologic measurements except L5-S1 right bending, L2-L3 and L5-S1 left bending. No statistical significant difference in lumbar flexion and bending ROM was found between two methods. CONCLUSION: 3-D motion analysis is a useful method when measuring the lumbar segmental range of motion and it has an advantage to analyze segmental lumbar motion with three directions simultaneously.
Adult* ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular* ; Skin ; Volunteers

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the association between nicotine dependence and depressive mood in patients who visited a secondary hospital for smoking cessation treatment.METHODS: From March 2016 to February 2017, a total of 48 patients who visited the smoking cessation clinic of a secondary hospital in Seoul were surveyed through questionnaires. Nicotine dependence was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depressive mood.RESULTS: The mean BDI score was positively associated with nicotine dependence (P=0.01). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, increasing BDI was associated with higher odds (1.21, 95% confidence interval; 1.02–1.44) of high nicotine dependence after adjusting for all confounding variables.CONCLUSION: Depressive mood was positively associated with nicotine dependence among patients who visited a smoking cessation clinic. Consideration of depressive mood in smoking cessation treatment may be helpful for smoking cessation among patients with a willingness to quit smoking.
Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Depression ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Nicotine ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking ; Tobacco Use Disorder

OBJECTIVE: To develop a Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) for subjects with stroke and to test the reliability and validity of K-MBI. METHOD: Six senior physiatrists translated the 5th version of MBI into K-MBI and we administered K-MBI to 30 subjects with stroke. Fifteen different examiners working at the 5 different university hospitals evaluated video-recorded examination cases independently to test the reliability and validity of K-MBI. We analyzed intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of the K-MBI by the Kendall's coefficient of concordance and Spearman's correlation coefficients, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for assessing internal consistency of the K-MBI and Spearman's correlation between the K-MBI and Brunnstr?m stage was employed to evaluate the validity of the K-MBI. RESULTS: The intra-rater reliabilities of physiatrists, resident physicians of rehabilitation medicine and occupational therapists were 0.93~1.00, 0.87~0.99, and 0.97~1.00 (p< 0.01), respectively. The inter-rater reliabilities were 0.93~0.98 (p<0.01) and Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 (p<0.01) as the internal consistency reliability of K-MBI. For construct validation study, each item of K-MBI had significant correlation with total score of K-MBI (r=0.54~0.78, p< 0.01). CONCLUSION: The K-MBI is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring functional status of subjects with stroke.
Hospitals, University ; Rehabilitation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stroke*

OBJECTIVE: We report here on analyzing 3,128 subjects with stroke and who were discharged from the Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine of secondary or tertiary hospitals, and all the hospitals subscribed to the Online Database System developed by the Korean Society of Neurorehabilitation. METHOD: This is a retrospective analysis of the brain rehabilitation registry database for outcome of stroke outcome in the year 2006 to 2008. RESULTS: The male stroke subjects and cerebral infarction were 58.4% and 66.3%, respectively. Cerebral infarction in the middle cerebral artery territory was the most common, and the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex were the common areas for the cases of intracranial hemorrhage. The mean age of the patients was 61.7 years, and the most common ages were 45~64 years for all the stroke subjects. The subjects with cerebral hemorrhage (56.1 years) were younger than those with cerebral infarction (63.9 years). Seasonal variation was observed in the occurrence of stroke; spring (34.1%), winter (27.4%), summer (21.6%) and autumn (16.8%) in this order. There was no significant difference of the changes on the Korean version of the modified Barthel index between the patients with cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage after rehabilitation. On analyzing the two groups of stroke subjects admitted before and after 100 days from stroke onset, the changes on the Korean version of the modified Barthel index and the Brunnstrom stage scores of the early admission group were higher that those of the late rehabilitation group. CONCLUSION: The above findings suggest that 1) the incidence, lesion sites and seasonality of stroke in this database system are similar to those of the worldwide data, 2) the length of hospital stay for the subjects with stroke is about 46 days and 3) early rehabilitation is more effective in improving the outcome of stroke subjects.

BACKGROUND: Eating breakfast is important for optimal growth and development in adolescence, and is associated with academic achievement as well as nutrition and health status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and high school students' academic achievement.METHODS: We used data from the 2017 Korea Youth's Risk Behavior Web-Based Study, conducted by the Korean Center for Disease Control (64,991 students). The relationship between academic achievement and breakfast consumption frequency was examined using logistic regression.RESULTS: Students who consumed breakfast frequently exhibited higher academic achievement as compared to their counterparts. There was a significant correlation between awareness of appropriate eating habits and breakfast consumption frequency. Further, students who had not received any education about eating habits exhibited low academic achievement.CONCLUSION: To improve the academic achievement of students, they should be motivated to eat breakfast every day. Additionally, appropriate education about eating habits need to be implemented at schools and at home to increase students' breakfast consumption frequency.
Adolescent ; Breakfast ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Eating ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Risk-Taking

OBJECTIVE: To assess the inter-tester and test-retest reliability and validity after developing of Korean version of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). METHOD: This research was conducted on 27 patents with stroke with less than 12 months since the onset of disease. Five physiatrists translated NIHSS into Korean. Video taping were used for objective scorings. Four physiatrists conducted scorings in order to seek for inter-tester reliability and one conducted scorings three weeks interval for test-retest reliability. Six physiatrists conducted scorings in order to seek for concurrent validity with the original NIHSS and four conducted scorings for validity with other impairment scale. Each score was analyzed based on Spear-man correlation coefficient. RESULTS: According to inter-tester reliability for Korean version of NIHSS, rho value reached over 0.70, with over 0.72 concerning test-retest reliability. The test on concurrent validity with the original NIHSS reached over 0.70 at rho value, with over 0.653 for MMSE, Motricity index, Brunnstrom stage. CONCLUSION: Newly developed Korean version of NIHSS showed high inter-tester and test-retest reliabilities, together with high concurrent validity with the original and other impairment scales, to be regarded to be used as primary impairment scale for patients with stroke.
Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)* ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Stroke* ; Weights and Measures