Femoral fractures are difficult to treat in the child with head or multiple injuries. Traction may fail due to spasticity and restlessness. Poor results after closed reduction have led some authors to advocate open reduction and internal fixation which facilitates overall care. Anatomical reduction with internal fixation leads to limb overgrowth. We report our experience in anatomical open reduction of femoral fracture which had head or multiple injuries or difficult to maintain traction in children at the Kang-Nam St. Mary's Hospital. The results are as follows : 1. Among the 28 cases, there were 20 cases in male and 8 cases in female. Average age was 9.4 years. 2. Plate fixation was used in 27 cases and Kuntscher Kuentscher nail was used in one case. 3. Average union period was 11.5 weeks. There was one delayed union which was completely united in 20 weeks. 4. Average overgrowth of femur was 5.2mm. The overgrowth was related with age and handedness but it was not related with fracture site. For children who have head or multiple injuries or difficult to maintain the skin traction, open reduction with plate fixation appears the most satisfactory treatment. The overgrowth of the femur after open reduction was not significant problems clinically.
Child ; Extremities ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Functional Laterality ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; Muscle Spasticity ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Skin ; Traction

The principal objective of this study was to determine the importance of obesity management nutrition programs for obese male workers after performing a 10-week nutrition program and to compare changes in the obesity index, health behavior, meal intake, and blood constituents. The study subjects included 44 individuals, all without chronic disease. After the program, the weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) of the subjects dropped. Dietary life behavior scores increased. In particular, more than 30% increases were detected in self-control of surfeit, control of eating speed, temperance, and regular exercise items. Total caloric intake and average drinking intake dropped. Though insignificant, systolic pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and sGPT all dropped as compared to the levels measured prior to the program. Fasting blood sucrose, triglyceride, g-GTP, and atherogenic index dropped significantly. HDL-cholesterol, though insignificant, increased. As the result of examining correlations between the subjects' health life behavior, caloric intake, and improvement in obesity, we noted a significant correlation between self-control of surfeit and temperance in the health life behavior item, along with significant correlations among total calorie intake, surfeit percentage, and daily average drinking intake. These results demonstrated that nutrition program for obese workers performed at the Community Health Center had the effect of reducing obesity, improving health behavior, and improving clinical levels. Thus, it is advisable that obesity management programs be achieved, linking the center of local societies' health promotion projects, community health centers, and workplaces, and various programs should be developed to maintain and continue changes in workers' behaviors, such that the positive effects of improvement in obesity could be maintained, even after the program.
Adipose Tissue ; Alanine Transaminase ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Community Health Centers ; Drinking ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Fasting ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Obesity ; Sucrose ; Temperance ; Waist-Hip Ratio

PURPOSE: The C-14 urea breath test (C-14 UBT) is the most specific noninvasive method to detect Helicobacter (H) pylori infection. We investigated if the C-14 UBT can reflect the presence and degree of H. pylori detected by gastroduodenoscopic biopsies (GBx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty patients (M:F=83:67, age 48.6+/-11.2 yrs) underwent C-14 UBT, rapid urease test (CLO test) and GBx on the same day. For the C-14 UBT, a single breath sample was collected at 10 minutes after ingestion of C-14 urea (137 KBq) capsule and counting was done in a liquid scintillation counter for 1 minute, and the results were classified as positive ( 200 dpm), intermediate (50~199 dpm) or negative (<50 dpm). The results of CLO tests were classified as positive or negative according to color change. The results of GBx on giemsa stain were graded 0 (normal) to 4 (diffuse) according to the distribution of H. pylori by the Wyatt method. We compared C-14 UBT results with GBx grade as a gold standard. RESULTS: In the assessment of the presence of H. pylori infection, the C-14 UBT global performance yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of 92.5%, 88.4%, 97.1%, 88.4% and 91.3%, respectively. However, the CLO test had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 83.2%, 81.4%, 91.8%, 81.4% and 82.7%, respectively. The quantitative values of the C-14 UBT were 45+/-27 dpm in grade 0, 707+/-584 dpm in grade 1, 1558+/-584 dpm in grade 2, 1851+/-604 dpm in grade 3, and 2719+/-892 dpm in grade 4. A significant correlation (r=0.848, p<0.01) was found between C-14 UBT and the grade of distribution of H. pylori infection on GBx with giemsa stain. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the C-14 UBT is a highly accurate, simple and noninvasive method for the diagnosis of ongoing H. pylori infection and reflects the degree of bacterial distribution.
Azure Stains ; Biopsy ; Breath Tests* ; Diagnosis ; Eating ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Scintillation Counting ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urea* ; Urease

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore adult diabetics' eating styles and factors which influence them. METHOD: The study adopted an ethnographic method based on a perspective which views the eating style as a cultural phenomenon. Data was collected through a personal interview, participant observation, and documented materials from Oct.2001 to Sept. 2002. In this study, fifteen adult diabetics, with an average age of 57, participated. Data analysis was done by the Spradley's taxonomic analysis technique. RESULT: The patients' eating styles were rooted in their viewpoint on illness as well as the meaning of food. Eating styles were classified into 4 types: Pathology-centered, symptom-centered, need-centered, and role-centered. CONCLUSION: A conventional approach to the treatment and management of diabetes did not consider the patient's inner world which may play an important role in the successful management of the disease. We found that it was critical for health care personnel to understand patients' values, beliefs and their way of life in order to facilitate the most successful self-care diet.
Middle Aged ; Male ; Korea ; Humans ; *Food Habits ; Female ; *Eating ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*diet therapy/nursing/psychology ; Culture ; *Attitude to Health ; Aged

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an Oriental self-help group program on living-alone elders in rural areas. METHOD: A one-group pretest-post test design was used. The subjects of the experimental group participated in the oriental self-help program, health education, feet bathing in hot water, cupping therapy, and foot-reflexology. The obtained data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Pearson correlation coefficients of SPSS. RESULTS: 1) The level of blood triglyceride, SGOT and glucose decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. 2) The scores of depression and stress decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. 3) The score of Yangsaeng increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. 4) Depression was higher when the score of stress was high, and the score of depression and stress were lower when the score of Yangsaeng was high. CONCLUSION: Considering the results of this research, the program is effective in improving physiological indexes partially, emotional indexes and Yangsaeng. Therefore this program can be implemented as a community-based self-help group program for living-alone elders in rural areas.
Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Baths ; Depression ; Foot ; Glucose ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Self-Help Groups* ; Triglycerides ; Water

Brunners gland adenoma is a benign epithelial tumor of the duodenum originating from submucosal Brunners gland. This is an extremely rare entity that account for only 10.6% of benign duodenal tumor, which are themselves relatively rare, representing 0.008% of all surgical and autopsy specimens. The clinical manifestation are nonspecific gastrointestinal complaints, such as bloating or epigastric pain, and the tumor gives rise to melena or anemia, due to the ulceration or erosion of the tumor. The diagnosis is usually made by radiologic studies and gastroduodenal endoscopy which can also provide definitive treatment. The aim of treatment is complete removal of the lesion and exclude malignancy. We report on 4 cases of Brunners gland adenoma which was confirmed by operation or endoscopic polypectomy.
Adenoma* ; Anemia ; Autopsy ; Diagnosis ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy ; Melena ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: In recent year, erectile dysfunction patients are increasing, and some of them want to increase their erectile function without using medication or surgical methods, In this study we attempted to find the value of electrical stimulation with electrical stimulation machine Hi-DREAM 328(TM) made in Korea as a treatment method of no definite underling disease caused erectile dysfunction patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 22 cases erectile dysfunction patients we treated them two times per week for 4 weeks totally 8 times above mentioned machine, each session was spent for 1 hour 48 minutes. We checked IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function-5) score repeatedly for comparing the change of IIEF-5 score pretreatment, 1 month after treatment and 3 month after treatment. And we compared the effect of treatment as comparing the IIEF-5 score changing each time. RESULTS: Total IIEF-5 score of pretreatment was 9.6+/-5.5, 1 month and 3 month after electrical stimulation were 17.9+/-2.9, 16.2+/-2.9, respectively. In the patients with venous leakage, IIEF-5 score was no increase definitely following electrical stimulation. But in the case of abnormal SPACE, pretreatment of IIEF-5 score was 12.1+/-5.2, 1 month and 3 month after electrical stimulation were 18.1+/-7.6, 16.5+/-7.4, respectively. We found that IIEF-5 score were increased in no definite organic caused erectile dysfunction patients, and there was significant correlation statistically (p<0.05) in erectile function, maintenance of erection, intercourse satisfaction, overall satisfaction. The remaining effect after treatment was decreased in time follow up. But the erectile function was preserved at comparing before treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that electrical stimulation is one of the treatment modalities in the treatment of no definite underling disease caused erectile dysfunction patients rather than vascular abnormalities as like venous leakage.
Electric Stimulation* ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Male

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyse researches on nursing intervention for elderly health promotion. METHOD: A literature review of 38 researches was carried out using guidelines developed by the present researchers. RESULT: The research papers studied in this research were theses written for doctoral or master's degree and published between 1994 to 2004. These researches applied nursing intervention for health promotion of elders and used experimental study design. The average period of nursing intervention was about 9 weeks and the average frequency was three times per week. As for major characteristics of subject groups, most of them were over 65 years old (76.3%) and resided in community (65.8%), and each group consisted of 10 to 29 elders. The dependent variables used in these studies included physiological variables (blood pressure, blood cholesterol level, pulmonary function, fasting blood sugar, blood cortisol level, body mass etc.), psychologic variables (depression, quality of life, life satisfaction, loneliness, anxiety etc.), cognitive variables (perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-concept, subjective health status etc.), activities of daily livings, health promotion behavior, pain, risks of fall, and variables related to Trans Theoretical Model. The majority of these studies (78.9%) applied exercise programs for health promotion including exercise motivating programs (15.8%). CONCLUSION: We suggest that more various nursing interventions must be applied to promote elders' health and to take care of their chronic diseases.
Aged* ; Anxiety ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Fasting ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Loneliness ; Models, Theoretical ; Nursing* ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: 14C-urea breath test (UBT) is a non-invasive and reliable method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of a new and rapid 14C-UBT (Heliprobe method), which was equipped with Geiger-Muller counter and compared the results with those obtained by using the conventional method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-nine patients with dyspepsia underwent gastroduodenoscopy and 14C-UBT. A 37 KBq 14C-urea capsule was administered to patients and breath samples were collected. In Heliprobe method, patients exhaled into a Heliprobe BreathCard for 10 min. And then the activities of the BreathCard were countered using Heliprobe analyzer. In the conventional method, results were countered using liquid scintillation counter. During gastroduodenoscopy, 18 of 49 patients were underwent biopsies. According to these histologic results, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of two different methods and compared them. Also we evaluated the concordant and disconcordant rates between them. RESULTS: In all 49 patients, concordant rate of both conventional and Heliprobe methods was 98% (48/49) and the discordant rate was 2% (1/49). Thirteen of 18 patients to whom biopsies were applied, were found to be HP positive on histologic results. And both Heliprobe method and conventional method classified 13 of 13 HP-positive patients and 5 of 5 HP-negative patients correctly (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%, accuracy 100%). CONCLUSION: The Heliprobe method demonstrated the same diagnostic performance compared with the conventional method and was a simpler and more rapid technique.
Biopsy ; Breath Tests* ; Diagnosis* ; Dyspepsia ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Scintillation Counting ; Sensitivity and Specificity