Femoral fractures are difficult to treat in the child with head or multiple injuries. Traction may fail due to spasticity and restlessness. Poor results after closed reduction have led some authors to advocate open reduction and internal fixation which facilitates overall care. Anatomical reduction with internal fixation leads to limb overgrowth. We report our experience in anatomical open reduction of femoral fracture which had head or multiple injuries or difficult to maintain traction in children at the Kang-Nam St. Mary's Hospital. The results are as follows : 1. Among the 28 cases, there were 20 cases in male and 8 cases in female. Average age was 9.4 years. 2. Plate fixation was used in 27 cases and Kuntscher Kuentscher nail was used in one case. 3. Average union period was 11.5 weeks. There was one delayed union which was completely united in 20 weeks. 4. Average overgrowth of femur was 5.2mm. The overgrowth was related with age and handedness but it was not related with fracture site. For children who have head or multiple injuries or difficult to maintain the skin traction, open reduction with plate fixation appears the most satisfactory treatment. The overgrowth of the femur after open reduction was not significant problems clinically.
Child ; Extremities ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Functional Laterality ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; Muscle Spasticity ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Skin ; Traction

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections*

BACKGROUND: Recently the Korean society has been challenged with the rapid growth of obese population due to the improved socioeconomic status and lifestyle changes over the past decades. Not only has obesity been known as one of major risk factors for various diseases including cardiovascular diseases(e.g. hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke) and diabetes mellitus, but it has also increased the death from obesity-related diseases. It has been required, however, to establish our own obesity criteria adjusted for Korean since much difference is expected to exist in the degree of obesity between white and Asian people. Therefore, this study was designed to provide with primary data to help establish new criteria through identifying the distribution of Body Mass Index(BMI), and then analysing its relatian with some obesity-related diseases. METHODS: This study calculated BMI and related it to some obesity-related diseases by analysing data from 1995 National Health Interview Surveys, in which a random sample of 5,750 Korean at the age of 15-69 had self-reported their heights, body weights and diagnoses with obesity-related diseases by physicians. Variables under consideration include potential risk factors(e.g. alcohol intakes, smoking, exercise, etc.) as well as demographics of the sample population. RESULTS: Average BMI(kg/m(2)) were 21.6+/- 2.6 for male and 21.7+/-4.8 for female(mean+/-SD), which increased in direct proportion to the increase of age until the age reached the group of 40-59, and then followed by the inverse in its relation with the age at 60 and over. It was revealed, however, that prevalences of obesity-related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus etc. were the highest among the population group with their BMI of 23.8~35.6. In short, this study identified the proportional relation of BMI with the prevalence of obesity-related diseases. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the prevalence for hypertension and diabetes mellitus was shown to be higher than the average among population with their BMI of 21.9~238, whose figure is much lower than both 26.4, the value of the 90th percentile proposed in MONICA prot and 25, the current WHO criteria of obesity. However, a Japanese study reported that the health risk began to increase at the BMI of 23 with risks for obesity-related diseases dramatically increased at the BMI of 26-27 and over, and concluded that because Asian has more body fats accumulated within the upper body part compared with the white, the Asian persons are more obese, though less in terms of BMI, than the white. Therefore, future works should be focused on establishing our own criteria for obesity with health risks through determining the association of BMI with prevalence of various diseases in Korea.
Adipose Tissue ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Height ; Coronary Disease ; Demography ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Korea ; Life Style ; Male ; Obesity ; Population Groups ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recently, canal down mastoidectomy tends to be more frequently selected for complete eradication of the lesion and prevention of recurrence. Therefore, the problems attendant to the open mastoid continue to be of concern. Although various techniques have been used to solve the cavity problems, no single procedure has yet been devised that entirely accomplished this purpose. We evaluated the effects of partial mastoid obliteration using inferior based musculoperiosteal flap and autogenous conchal cartilage chips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty four cases were performed with mastoid obliteration using inferior based musculoperiosteal flap and autogenous conchal cartilage chips obtained from meatoplasty. There were 11 cases for control which were performed with canal down mastoidectomy without obliteration. We compared these two groups in the duration of epithelialization, accumulation of debris, presence or absence of drainage, shape of remodeled canal and caloric response and evaluated survival or atrophy of flap and absorption of cartilage chips. RESULTS: Obliteration group showed more rapid healing and epithelialization and less accumulated epithelial debris. Atrophy of flap or absorption of cartilage was not observed. There was no draining ear but vertigo with nystagmus on caloric stimulation developed in both groups. CONCLUSION: This partial mastoid obliteration technique used easy and quick application instead of complete restoration of canal wall, and it may be also valuable in providing rapid epithelialization and reducing mastoid bowl volume with relatively round canal shape. Furthermore, epitympanic obliteration using cartilage chips may be an effective method to prevent formation of attic retraction pocket.
Absorption ; Atrophy ; Cartilage* ; Drainage ; Ear ; Methods ; Recurrence ; Vertigo

The most common cause of orbital in/fection is a sinusitis, and if this orbital complication is not provided with appropriate and intensive treatments, serious status such as visual loss or life-threatening may occur. Osteomyelitis rarely results from sinusitis, and in cases where it happens, the frontal sinus is the most frequently involved site. However, zygomatic osteomyelitis has not been reported so far. We present a case of maxillary sinusitis which was initiated by oroantral fistula, and developed to preseptal and postseptal abscess, penetrating into the orbital septum. The case was complicated by zygomatic osteomyelitis. This case was successfully treated by draining pus by endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery, infraorbital incision, and was followed by antibiotic therapy for about 8 weeks.
Abscess* ; Frontal Sinus ; Maxillary Sinus ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; Orbit ; Oroantral Fistula ; Osteomyelitis* ; Sinusitis ; Suppuration

Rhabdomyosarcoma originating from the chest wall is a rare malignant tumor in children and was considered to be guarded in prognosis previously. However, recent advances in multidisciplinary treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma in children have improved the disease free survival rate. Authors report a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, stage III, originating from the chest wall who is surviving free of disease for 15 months with aggressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Child ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar* ; Thoracic Wall* ; Thorax*

OBJECTIVES: To analyze differences in health behaviors among the social strata in Korea by using the 1995 National Health and Health Behavior Survey Data. METHODS: Study participants numbered 2,352 men and 1,016 women aged between 15-64 years old, with housewives, students and non-waged family workers excluded. Health behaviors in this study were defined according to the recommendations of the Alameda 7 study. The measure of health behaviors was based on the Health Practices Index(HPI; 0-5 range, with the exclusion of snacking between meals and regularly eating breakfast) developed by the Alameda County research. The significance of the relationship between social strata and HPI was assessed by considering the adjusted means from the multi-variate model. RESULTS: For men, incidence rates of never having smoked, no/moderate use of alcohol, regular exercise, and regular 7-8 hours sleep per night were higher in the upper social strata. Meanwhile, for women, incidence rates of never having smoked, no/moderate use of alcohol, appropriate weight, regular exercise, and regular 7-8 hours sleep per night were higher in the upper strata. HPI varied significantly among social strata in both sexes (p<0.001), a result which held true when adjusted for age, education, income, social insurance type, marital status and region. CONCLUSIONS: Health behaviors assessed by Health Practices Index(HPI) varied significantly among social strata for both sexes. Therefore, the existing gap in health behaviors among social strata can be corrected more effectively by target oriented health promotional activities.
Eating ; Education ; Female ; Health Behavior* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Male ; Marital Status ; Meals ; Smoke ; Snacks ; Social Security

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to develop morning bread using powdered citrus peels and to examine the effect of its several biological activities for 12 weeks in overweight adults (BMI ≧ 23) living in dormitories of Chonbuk National University. METHODS: Control bread was prepared using the same formula except for replacing the wheat flour with 3% citrus peel powder. Subjects were classified according to two groups: Intake group of 3% citrus peel powder fortified morning bread (n = 30) and general morning bread (n = 30). RESULTS: The results of our study showed no significant effects of citrus peel powdered morning bread on anthropometric indices and biochemical characteristics among overweight adults. Despite the slight reduction in total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, GOT, and GPT (p < 0.05), no significant differences in changes of these values were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The short duration of our intervention might have resulted in the lack of any significant effect. Therefore, conduct of further studies with longer duration is warranted in order that the results from this study can be utilized as a basis for the development of food products with citrus peel powder.
Adult ; Bread* ; Breakfast ; Citrus* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Flour ; Humans* ; Jeollabuk-do ; Overweight ; Powders* ; Triticum

PURPOSE: We evaluated the occurrence of renal scarring in children with unilateral vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and the relationships between renal scar formation and risk factors such as VUR, duration of fever, acute-phase reactant, age, and sex. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 35 children newly diagnosed with unilateral vesicoureteral reflux after urinary tract infection (UTI) in Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital between January 1996 and December 2004. Ultrasonography, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C- reactive protein (CRP) were performed initially. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) was performed 1 to 3 weeks after treatment with UTI. (99m) Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan was performed 4 to 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: Scintigraphic renal damage was present in 29 percent of the refluxing and in 3 percent of the nonrefluxing kidneys (P< 0.05). The severity of VUR was significantly correlated with renal scar formation (P< 0.05). The duration of fever before treatmen (5.0+/-1.3 vs 2.6+/-1.3) and prolonged fever of over 5 days were significantly different between renal scar group and non-renal scar group (P< 0.05). ESR (56.3+/-23.8 vs 27.9+/-18.1 mm/hr, P< 0.05) and CRP (12.8+/-7.3 vs 3.9+/-3.8 mg/dL, P< 0.05) at the diagnosis of UTI in the renal scar group were higher, compared to those of the non-renal scar group. There were no significant differences in age and sex between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The presence and grade of VUR, the duration of fever before treatment, prolonged fever over 5 days, ESR, and CRP were risk factors for renal scarring, irrespective of age and sex. Diagnosis and management of VUR, in children with UTI, is important to prevent renal scars.
Blood Sedimentation ; Child* ; Cicatrix* ; Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Kidney ; Protestantism ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prevalence of colonic diverticulosis in Korea is lower than in Western contries and the involved site is different. But, the recently increasing prevalence in Korea may be due to changing life style and advances in diagnostic approachs. We analyzed the annual incidence and clinical manifestations of colonic diverticulosis of the patients who underwent colonofibroscopy. METHODS: Medical records of 25,808 patients who underwent colonofibroscopy at Yeungnam University Medical Center from January 2000 to December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Overall prevalence was 5.5%. The mean age of the patients was 57.02+/-12.41 years (range 19-97 years) and the most frequent occurrence (28.8%) occurred in the 7th decade of life. Male to female ratio was 977:159. The annual incidence rate increased from 4.6% to 7.2% since 2000. Diverticulum occurred more frequently in the right side colon (997 cases) than the left side colon (159 cases), with involvement of both sides in 62 cases. The rate of left sided colon increased with age. In 516 patients, only one diverticulum was detected and the other 682 patients had multiple diverticuli. Complications were evident in 51 cases, consisting of diverticulititis in 35 cases and bleeding in 16 cases. CONCLUSIONS: According to this single center analysis, the annual incidence rate of colonic diverticulosis is increasing with right sided colon as the predominant site. But, the frequency in left-sided colon is increasing with age.
Academic Medical Centers ; Colon ; Diverticulosis, Colonic ; Diverticulum ; Diverticulum, Colon ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Life Style ; Male ; Medical Records ; Population Characteristics ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies