Sarcopenia, obesity, and osteoporosis, the three disorders of body composition, are growing in prevalence. Osteoporosis and obesity were thought to be mutually exclusive conditions, as were sarcopenia and obesity. However, these disorders are commonly observed in the aging process and recent studies have indicated a potential interconnection among them with interaction between muscle, bone, and fat. Therefore, it would not be appropriate to discuss sarcopenia, obesity, and osteoporosis without bearing in mind the complex interactions of muscle, fat, and bone tissue. Due to the complicated interaction among them, the phenotypes have been given various names depending on the proposed cause or the combination of sarcopenia, obesity and osteoporosis. Therefore, we introduce new terms concerning the diverse phenotypes of body composition. In addition, this paper describes the interaction between muscle, fat and bone from a hormonal aspect and in terms of the whole body. Unraveling the link between muscle, fat, and bone at both the micro and macro level will elucidate the reasons for abnormal body composition phenotypes, and further enhance new therapeutic options for sarcopenia, obesity, and osteoporosis.
Aging ; Body Composition ; Bone and Bones ; Obesity ; Osteoporosis ; Phenotype ; Prevalence ; Sarcopenia

Hydatidiform moles are generally separated into two clasifications. Complete hydatidiform moles are characterized by cystic swlling of all villi, often pronounced trophoblastic hyperplasia, lack of fetal parts, all 46 chromosomes of paternal origin(androgenesis), and a major risk for persistent trophoblastic tumor. Partial hydatidiform moles appear to be a milder version of complete moles with both normal and cystic villi, focal trophoblastic hyperplasia, a fetus or indications of previous fetal existence, 69 chromosomes with a maternal contribution, and a malignant potential less than described for complete moles. Hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus is a very rare phenomenon, with an estimated incidence of 0.005 to 0.01 percent of all pregnancies. The rarity of live-born, surviving children may in part be due to termination of pregnancies, when molar parts are observed and without access to current advanced diagnostic procedures. Progress in techniques for first trimester prenatal diagnosis and improved surveillance of first trimester pregnancies through prenatal chromosomal analysis, ultrasound scan, maternal serum-hCG and serum- AFP screening has created complex situation, allowing confirmation of hydatidiform mole with coexisitng fetus. We recently experienced one case of unusual pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole and coexisiting live fetus.
Child ; Female ; Fetus* ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole* ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Molar ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Trophoblastic Neoplasms ; Trophoblasts ; Ultrasonography

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is a rare and rapidly fatal disease characterized by proliferation of megakaryocyte series and atypical megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is suspicious when 1) megakaryocyte in peripheral blood, mixture of large and small mononuclear megakaryoblast in the bone marrow 2) cytoplasmic budding in blast 3) myelofibrosis (dense medullary overgrowth of reticulin fibers) 4) PAS (+), ANAE (+), SBB (−), peroxidase (−) and which is confirmed by platelet peroxidase oxidation on electron microscope or monoclonal antibody. A case of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia was studied morphologically and monoclonal antibody.
Blood Platelets ; Bone Marrow ; Cytoplasm ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute* ; Megakaryocyte Progenitor Cells ; Megakaryocytes ; Naphthol AS D Esterase ; Peroxidase ; Primary Myelofibrosis ; Reticulin

To present CT and clinical features of active tuberculomas, we analyzed retrospectively CT findings of 14 tuberculomas (n=14) in 13 patients which appeared as solitary pulmonary nodules on plain radiographs and evaluated the response of tuberculomas to antituberculous chemotherapy. Nine tuberculomas (64%) were ovoid in shape and 10 (72%) showed smooth margin. Twelve(86%) tuberculomas were shown as low density lesions on unenhanced or enhanced CT scans. Calcification and cavitation were noted in three (21%) and eight (57%) tuberculomas respectively. Seven (50%) tuberculomas were accompanied by satellite nodules. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was positive in all tuberculomas in sputum, lavage fluid, or percutaneous transhoracic needle aspiration (PTNA). Smear and culture of lavage fluid and PTNA aspirate were superior to the detection of AFB than sputum examination. Follow-up study with antituberculous chemotherapy in 14 tuberculomas resulted in complete disappearance in three, decrease in size in seven, and no visible change in the remaining four. These observations suggest that tuberculomas are well-defined, ovoid, and low-density nodules containing calcifications and/or cavitations. Tuberculomas are relatively indolent even with threatment.
Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; Sputum ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculoma*

The epidemiological trends that characterize our generation are the aging of the population. Aging results in a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength called sarcopenia, which is Greek for 'poverty of flesh'. Sarcopenia could lead to functional impairment, physical disability, and even mortality. Today, sarcopenia is a matter of immense public concern for aging prevention. Its prevalence continues to rise, probably as a result of increasing elderly populations all over the world. This paper addressed the definition and epidemiology of sarcopenia and its underlying pathophysiology. In addition, we summarized the abundant information available in the literature related to sarcopenia, together with results from Korean sarcopenic obesity study (KSOS) that we performed.
Aged ; Aging ; Body Composition ; Humans ; Muscles ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Sarcopenia

OBJECTIVES: The definition of a hidden youth is a young person who has completely withdrawn from society and shut himself or herself away for more than 3 months. Those pathologically-withdrawn youths have become a burden not only to society but also to the family. However, screening of these hidden youths cannot be done easily. This study focused on developing a primary effective screening tool for these hidden youths. METHODS: The 42 participants of this study were parents of hidden youths that are between 8 to 25 years old. They were selected from from mental health centers and psychiatric clinics around Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. We also recruited 239 parents of middle and high school students in the Seoul metropolitan area for a control group. In order to decide the concurrent validity of this questionnaire, we used the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision, Children's Depression Inventory, Beck Depression Inven-tory, Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised, Social Anxiety and Distress Scale, Avoidant Personality Disorder Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. SPSS version 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha values, the reliability coefficient to represent internal consistency, were between 0.396 and 0.935, which showed relatively high internal consistency for this questionnaire. The test-retest coefficient was between 0.68 and 0.78, which was a statistically significant result. In a factor analysis, 4 factors such as avoidance, withdrawal, isolation, and apathy were extracted. In a concurrent validity test with SCL-90-R, the isolation factor showed a statistically-significant relationship with a phobic-anxiety sub-scale, and avoidance and withdrawal sub-scales were remarkably correlated with the interpersonal sensitivity sub-scale. CONCLUSION: Since the questionnaire for socially withdrawn youths has achieved statistically-satisfactory reliability and validity, it will be a useful method to screen for hidden youths in educational, community, and clinical settings.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Apathy ; Child ; Depression ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mental Health ; Parents ; Personality Disorders ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The definition of a hidden youth is a young person who has completely withdrawn from society and shut himself or herself away for more than 3 months. Those pathologically-withdrawn youths have become a burden not only to society but also to the family. However, screening of these hidden youths cannot be done easily. This study focused on developing a primary effective screening tool for these hidden youths. METHODS: The 42 participants of this study were parents of hidden youths that are between 8 to 25 years old. They were selected from from mental health centers and psychiatric clinics around Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. We also recruited 239 parents of middle and high school students in the Seoul metropolitan area for a control group. In order to decide the concurrent validity of this questionnaire, we used the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision, Children's Depression Inventory, Beck Depression Inven-tory, Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised, Social Anxiety and Distress Scale, Avoidant Personality Disorder Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. SPSS version 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha values, the reliability coefficient to represent internal consistency, were between 0.396 and 0.935, which showed relatively high internal consistency for this questionnaire. The test-retest coefficient was between 0.68 and 0.78, which was a statistically significant result. In a factor analysis, 4 factors such as avoidance, withdrawal, isolation, and apathy were extracted. In a concurrent validity test with SCL-90-R, the isolation factor showed a statistically-significant relationship with a phobic-anxiety sub-scale, and avoidance and withdrawal sub-scales were remarkably correlated with the interpersonal sensitivity sub-scale. CONCLUSION: Since the questionnaire for socially withdrawn youths has achieved statistically-satisfactory reliability and validity, it will be a useful method to screen for hidden youths in educational, community, and clinical settings.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Apathy ; Child ; Depression ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mental Health ; Parents ; Personality Disorders ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Since the multicenter Normoglycemia in Intensive Care Evaluation-Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation (NICE-SUGAR) study was published, the pursuit of tight glycemic control (TGC) among intensive care unit (ICU) patients has been seen as counterproductive and moderate glycemic control has become standard practice in ICUs. However, thus far, there is good evidence that hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are associated with worse outcomes in ICU patients. Recently, the importance of improving time in band and reducing hypoglycemic episodes and glycemic variability has been more recognized. Compared to intermittent monitoring systems, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can have greater clinical benefit in terms of the prevention of severe hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia by enabling insulin infusions to be adjusted more rapidly and accurately. In this review, modern methods for glucose control in the ICU are presented, as well as future perspectives including the development of CGM and semiautomated glucose control, such as closed-loop systems.
Critical Care* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin* ; Intensive Care Units*

Obesity is a major public health problem. The population is growing older, and the prevalence of obesity in the elderly is rising. In normal aging, changes in the body composition occur that result in a shift toward decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass. This age-related progressive loss of muscle mass and strength is called sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity, which describes the process of muscle loss combined with increased body fat as people age, is associated with loss of strength and function, reduced quality of life, and even mortality. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is complex and involves multiple interactions between lifestyle, endocrine, and immunological factors. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that sarcopenic obesity is related to accelerated functional decline and high risk of diseases and mortality and, therefore, the identification of affected older patients should be an essential goal of clinicians. This paper addresses the definition and epidemiology of sarcopenic obesity and its underlying pathophysiology. In addition, this article describes the clinical significance and management strategies of sarcopenic obesity.
Adipose Tissue ; Aged ; Aging ; Body Composition ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; Life Style ; Mortality ; Muscles ; Obesity* ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Quality of Life ; Sarcopenia

No abstract available.