PURPOSE: To evaluate types of gray matter heterotopias, associated brain anomalies, and its correlation with the patterns of seizure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively 19 patients(male :female=10:9, mean age 21 years) with gray matter heterotopias on brain MRI. Using 1.0T superconducting MR unit, spin echo TI-, proton-density- and T2-weighted images in axial, coronal and sagittal planes were obtained. RESULTS: Types of gray matter heterotopias were single subependymal in four patients, multiple subependymal in one, focal subcortical in eight, diffuse subcortical in two, mixed multiple subependymal and focal subcortical in four. Associated anomalies were seen in 11 patients:other neuronal migration anomalies in eight patients, corpus callosum agenesis in two, and combined holoprosencephaly and Dandy-Walker malformation in one. Fifteen patients had seizure. The patterns of seizure were not correlated with the types of heterotopias. CONCLUSION: In addition to subependymal, focal subcortical, and diffuse subcortical types, gray matter heterotopias included mixed variant of of multiple subependymal and subcortical type. Schizencephaly was the most common form of accompanying anomalies, and patterns of seizure were not correlated with types of gray matter heterotopias, even though main clinical menifestation was seizure.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum ; Brain ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; Holoprosencephaly ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Neurons ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Abdominal*

Meigs' syndrome is defined as a hydrothorax with ascites and a pelvic tumor, both of which resolve on removal of the tumor. Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome is a variant not possessing the original tumor cell types described by Meigs. Both these syndromes should be considered in otherwise healthy women who present with either new or recurrent hydrothorax and ascites. Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome occurs with the clinical triad of (1)ascites, (2)pleural effusion and (3)Brenner tumors, struma ovarii, benign thecomas, extreme ovarian edema, uterine leiomyomas or other benign pelvic tumors. A case of Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome associated with Brenner tumor is presented with a brief review of literatures.
Ascites ; Brenner Tumor ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrothorax ; Leiomyoma ; Meigs Syndrome ; Struma Ovarii ; Thecoma

A case of multiple hamartomas of the unilateral chest wall in a four month old infant is presented. There have been a few reports on the CT findings of the chest wall hamartoma in infancy. We describe bone changes of the ribs and mineralization of this rare tumor on the CT scan, and the locations of two separate masses.
Hamartoma ; Humans ; Infant ; Miners ; Ribs ; Thoracic Wall* ; Thorax* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of accommodative esotropia in patients who successfully discontinued their use of glasses and to determine which factors are predictive of successfully discontinuing the use of glasses. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of 40 patients with accommodative esotropia who were orthophoric without glasses (group A) and 58 patients with persistent esotropia without glasses (group B). The exclusion criteria were as follows: a follow-up of less than 5 years, age younger than 10 years old, less than 1.50 diopters of hyperopia, or previous strabismus surgery. We analyzed the relationships between the factors and the resolution of esotropia. RESULTS: The mean distance esotropia (30.1 vs 24.3 prism diopters), the degree of hyperopia (+5.3 vs +3.9 diopters) and the interval between the initial prescription of glasses and the initiation of discontinuing their use were predictors of successful discontinuation of glasses in group A and B (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Some patients with accommodative esotropia may be successfully weared out of glasses. A smaller esotropic angle, lesser degree of hyperopia, and earlier initiation of wearing appear to be favorable factors.
Child ; Esotropia* ; Eyeglasses* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glass* ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Prescriptions ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus

PURPOSE: Authors analyzed the MR findings of swollen extremities to evaluate the MR features of lymphedema and phlebedema. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed MR imagings of 17 cases of swollen extremities, including 12 lymphedemas and 5 phlebedemas. We obtained axial TI-, T2-, and Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WIs using 1.0T superconducting magnet and measured cross-sectional areas of subcutaneous and subfascial tissues of a slice with grossly largest cross-sectional area using perimeter. We also analyzed changes in the signal intensities of the subcutaneous and subfascial tissues on T2WI, presence of enhancement on Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WI, and presence of skin thickening. RESULTS: Both subcutaneous and subfascial tissues of swollen extremities were increased in the cross-sectional areas than those of contralateral normal side. The subcutaneous compartment in lymphedema was statistically significantly increased in cross-sectional area than subfascial compartment in lymphedema(p<0.005) and subcutaneous tissue in phlebedema(p<0.05). Increased signal intensities and characteristic "honeycomb appearance" of subcutaneous tissue in the lymphedema were specific findings on T2WI. CONCLUSION: MR imaging was useful and noninvasive method in the diagnosis of swollen extremities. There were increased cross-sectional area of subcutaneous compartment with "honeycomb appearance" in lymphedema and increased signal intensities of both subcutaneous and subfascial compartment in phlebedema on the T2WI.
Diagnosis ; Extremities* ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Lymphedema* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue

No abstract available.
Noise* ; Organ of Corti*

About 40% of patients with diabetes mellitus develops to diabetic nephropathy, and these patients show increment of glomerular filtration rate and renal volume at early phase. 99mTc-DMSA SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) can measure a functional renal volume because 99mTc- DMSA it is taken up by the viable proximal tubular cells located in the renal cortex. To evaluate the renal volume in early diabetic nephropathy, we compared functional renal volume between diabetic patients and control, renal transplantation donor. 99mTc-DMSA was injected intravenously and SPECT was done after 2 hours in 15 diabetic patients, 18 renal transplantation donors, and 2 patients with end stage renal disease due to chronic glomerulonephritis. In diabetic patients with creatinine clearance more than 30ml/min and proteinuria, right and left renal volume were 247+/-22ml/BSA(m2), 256+/-37ml/BSA (m2), which were greater than those of diabetic patients with normal renal function and without proteinuria, or renal transplantation donors(P<0.05). In conclusion, we measured the functional renal volume by 99mTc-DMSA SPECT. Renal volume of diabetic patients with proteinuria were larger than the volume of control group or diabetic patients with normal renal function and without proteinuria. 99mTc-DMSA SPECT was thought to be useful test a for the measurement of functioning renal volume.
Creatinine ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glomerulonephritis ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Proteinuria ; Succimer ; Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid* ; Tissue Donors ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of an invasive strategy for elderly (aged≥75 years) patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). Methods Data on 366 of 409 elderly CS patients from a total of 6,132 acute STEMI cases enrolled in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry between January 2008 and June 2011, were collected and analyzed. In-hospital deaths and the 1-month and 1-year survival rates free from major adverse cardiac events (MACE;defined as all cause death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization) were reported for the patients who had undergone invasive (n=310) and conservative (n=56) treatment strategies. Results The baseline clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. There were fewer in-hospital deaths in the invasive treatment strategy group (23.5%vs. 46.4%, P＜0.001). In addition, the 1-year MACE-free survival rate after invasive treatment was significantly lower compared with the conservative treatment (51%vs. 66%, P=0.001). Conclusions In elderly patients with acute STEMI complicated by CS, the outcomes of invasive strategy are similar to those in younger patients at the 1-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Germline mutations in the breast cancer-associated genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 confer susceptibility and a lifetime risk of breast. Several morphological and clinical features have been attributed to hereditary tumors. However, in sporadic breast cancer, the interrelationship between the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of these loci and clinical features remains to be fully elucidated. METHODS: Microdissected paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 48 cases of surgically resected breast carcinoma were investigated to identify the LOH of BRCA1 and BRCA2 using microsatellite markers. RESULTS: Of 48 cases, 22 (45.9%) exhibited LOH at BRCA1 locus while in 29 out of 48 (60.4%) cases LOH was observed for the BRCA2 region. There was no significant correlation between LOH at BRCA1/2 and the patient's age, tumor size, histologic grade or lymph node metastasis. When comparing the frequency of LOH with the expression of several prognostic factors, such as p53, c-erb B2 protein, estrogen and progesterone receptor using immunohistochemical stain, there was only correlation with LOH at BRCA2 and the progesterone receptor. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that allelic deletion play a role to the development of sporadic breast cancers.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Estrogens ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Loss of Heterozygosity* ; Lymph Nodes ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin* ; Receptors, Progesterone