No abstract available.
Meniere Disease*

No abstract available.
Central Venous Catheters* ; Prospective Studies* ; Thrombophlebitis*

BACKGROUND: We evaluated 1) the sequential changes of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA expression in lung (main site for circulating ACE synthesis) and left ventricle, and 2) whether such expression is modified by ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. METHODS: Placebo, captopril (2 g/liter drinking water) or TCV-116 (10 mg/kg/day gavage) was administered 3 days before left coronary occlusion and continued for 6 weeks. At 1, 3 and 6 weeks after operation, hemodynamic measurement was performed and pulmonary and myocardial ACE mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR using rcRNA as an internal standard. RESULTS: Mean BP and LVEDP increased in untreated rats compared with captopril- and TCV-116-treated rats (post-MI 6week, p<0.05). Pulmonary ACE mRNA increased in acute phase (post-MI 1 week, max. 1.4 fold, p<0.05 vs. pre-MI) and returned to pre-MI value thereafter. In contrast, cardiac ACE mRNA expression showed slightly decreasing tendency in acute phase, and was increased up to 1.6 fold in chronic phase after MI (post-MI 3 and 6weeks, p<0.05 vs. pre-MI). No changes in pulmonary ACE gene expression were found with RAS blockade. However, in acute phase after MI, cardiac ACE mRNA increased with both captopril and TCV-116 treatment (post-MI 24hour and 1week, max. 2 fold, p<0.05 vs. untreated group). CONCLUSION: 1) In contrast to the pulmonary ACE mRNA that is activated in acute phase, the cardiac ACE mRNA is activated in chronic phase after MI. 2) RAS blockade does not affect the change of pulmonary ACE expression, but modulate the change of cardiac ACE expression after MI.
Animals ; Captopril ; Coronary Occlusion ; Drinking ; Gene Expression* ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemodynamics ; Lung* ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardium* ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin ; RNA, Messenger

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among the health promoting behaviors, self-reported climacteric symptoms and depression on a cross-sectional survey design. The subjects were 108 middle-aged women who were non-hystrectomized and ranged in age from 40 to 60. They were selected in Seoul and Kyoung-ki province, Korea. Data were collected from Oct. 25 to Nov. 10, 1997 by a structured questionnaire. The instrument used for this study was the revised Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist and Pender, revised Climacteric Symptoms Scale developed by Chi, Sung Ai, and the Beck's Depression Inventory(BID). The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean score of health promoting behaviors was low(2.42+/-0.35). There were statistically significant difference in the score of health promoting behaviors according to the educational background, family income, marital satisfaction, and whether or not taking a restorative food(t=-2.07, F=2.60~7.57, p<0.05). 2. The mean score of self-reported climacteric symptoms was 1.69 ; 99% of middle-aged women had symptoms. There were statistically significant difference in the score of middle-aged women's self-reported climacteric symptoms according to the age, number of children, educational background, occupation, family income, marital satisfaction, whether or not receiving hormone replacement therapy(HRT) or consultation experience with a professional, and perceived health status(t=-2.04~3.69, F=2.87~11.63, p<0.05). 3. The mean score of depression was 10.84. There were statistically significant differences in the score of the depression according to the age, number of children, educational background, occupation, marital satisfaction, whether or not receiving menopausal treatment of consultation by a professional, and perceived health status(t=-2.25~3.00, F=3.50~9.24, p<0.05). 4. Women's degree of health promoting behaviors was a negative correlation with the degree of climacteric symptoms(r=-0.19, p=0.03) and the degree of depression(r=-0.23, p=0.01). The degree of climacteric symptoms was a positive correlation with the degree of depression(r=0.64, p=0.01). In conclusion, health promoting behavior should be considered when developing nursing strategies for middle-aged women, especially when dealing with climacteric symptoms and depression.
Child ; Climacteric* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression* ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Menopause ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Noise* ; Organ of Corti*

No abstract available.

Posterior scleritis must be one of the most underdiagnosed treatable conditions in ophthalmology, partly because its manifestations are so protean and partly because the diagnosis is rarely considered. Although ultrasonography and computer tomogram are ancilliary tests, a careful examination of the posterior segment of the eye including the area of the ora serrata, macula and disc is essential to discover the presence of a posterior scleritis. We experienced prolonged retinal pigment epithelial detachments which had appered at early phase of posterior scleritis.
Bruch Membrane ; Diagnosis ; Ophthalmology ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Scleritis* ; Ultrasonography

Endoscopic microwave coagulation therapy was applied to two cases of postoperative anastomotic stenosis. Clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings were improved by endoscopic microwave coagulation tberapy in both cases. It is concluded that this method will be a safe and sure method for the treatment of anastomotic stenosis after gastrointestinal operation
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Microwaves*

A functional upper airway obstruction due to a vocal cord dysfunction(VCD) is characterized by a paradoxical adduction of the vocal cords throughout the respiratory cycle with no obvious organic cause for the obstruction. It commonly occurs paroxysmally and imitates acute asthmatic attacks, often in patients with coexisting asthma. They present with episodes of dyspnea associated with inspiratory wheezing that persists despite conventional asthma treatment and a flattening of the inspiratory limb of the flow-volume curve; an adduction of the vocal cord during inspiration. Failure to recognize concurrent vocal cord dysfunction and asthma has led not only to the excessive use of bronchodilators and corticosteroids, but also to intubation and tracheostomy. Here, we report a case of coexistent obstructive pulmonary disease and functional upper airway obstruction due to a vocal cord dysfunction where a bronchoscopy showed a paradoxical vocal cord motion and typical features of a variable extrathoracic obstruction and a lower airway obstruction on the Flow-volume loop during a symptomatic period.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Airway Obstruction* ; Asthma ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Bronchoscopy ; Dyspnea ; Extremities ; Humans ; Intubation ; Lung Diseases, Obstructive* ; Respiratory Sounds ; Tracheostomy ; Vocal Cord Dysfunction* ; Vocal Cords*

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine the efficacy of a combined use of oral clonidine and intravenous esmolol for blunting the sympathetic response during tracheal intubation. METHODS: Forty-eight patients for hysterectomy were randomly divided into four groups: placebo A and B in Group I (n = 12), placebo A and esmolol (1.0 mg/kg) in Group II (n = 12), clonidine (4 microgram/kg) and placebo B in Group III (n = 12), and clonidine (2 microgram/kg) and esmolol (0.5 mg/kg) in Group IV (n = 12) were administered respectively. Premedication with oral clonidine or placebo A at 90 minutes before induction and intravenous esmolol or placebo B just prior to induction were given. Patients were induced with thiopental and ventilated with N2O-O2-enflurane (1.5 vol%). Vecuronium was given immediately after administration of thiopental for tracheal intubation. BP and HR were recorded at the resting state before premedication (control), at 1 min before induction (T - 1), immediately after intubation (T + 0), 3 min and 5 min after intubation (T + 3 and T + 5), and were converted into a percentage (%) of the control value (Vcontrol). RESULTS: SBP increased in Group I (T + 0 and T + 3) and decreased in Group III (T + 5) compared with Vcontrol (P < 0.05). HR increased in Group I (T + 0 and T + 3) and Group III (T + 0) compared with Vcontrol (P < 0.05). SBP% of Vcontrol in Groups II, III and IV (T + 0 and T + 3) were lower than that of Group I (P < 0.05). HR% of Vcontrol in Group II and IV (T + 0, T + 3 and T + 5) were lower than those of Groups I and III (P < 0.05). There were one episode of hypotension in Group II at 5 min after intubation and two cases of intraoperative hypotension in Group III. CONCLUSIONS: Combined administration of oral clonidine and intravenous esmolol was effective in attenuating the increase of BP and HR during tracheal intubation without any side effects. This combined method would be an effective method when dose-related side effects of each drug limit their use.
Blood Pressure* ; Clonidine* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Hysterectomy ; Intubation* ; Premedication ; Thiopental ; Vecuronium Bromide