Apraclonidine is a potent alpha-adrenergic agonist that, like clonidine, is relatively selective for alpha-2 receptors. Apraclonidine has been shown to lower intraocular pressure by diminishing aqueous humor formation. The purpose of this study is to know the morphological changes in the ciliary epithelium by apraclonidine against aqueous formation. In group I, two drops of 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride were instilled on the right eye of the pigmented rabbits and the eyes were enucleated on 1,2.6 and 24 hours after instillation to find out the duration of action of the drug and the tissue response. In group II, one drop was instilled twice daily for seven days on the right eye and the eyes were enucleated on 1, 2 and 5 days after cessation of the instillation observing the cumulative effect of the drug and the tissue response. These eyes were studied with electron mIcroscopIc examiation. As a result, widening of cell membranes(basal infoldings) of the non-pigmented epithelium(NPE) were observed. This change was recovered with time, and seems to be the principal morphological changes of apraclonidine against aqueous formation in the ciliary body. In group II, the cellular changes were minimal except for well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum representing resumed secretary function of the cell.
Rabbits ; Animals

The chin plays a decisive role in the contour of the lower face. And harmonious jaw will correspond to good facial profile and positive image. Osseous genioplasty is a widely used method to correct the 3-dimensional(sagittal, vertical, tranverse) deformity of the chin with minimal complications. During an 8 year period from 1988, the authors at the In-Je University Seoul Paik Hospital experienced 198 patients of osseous genioplasty. Results of clinical analysis are as follows : 1) Male to female ratio was 1 : 3 with female being predoniment. The average age was 24.9 years. 2) Horizontal advancement genioplasty in 169 cases was the most common procedure with 7.0mm of average advancement. There was 4 cases of horizontal retrusion with average retrusion of 4.3mm. 52 cases had vertical augmentation with average of 7.5mm increase. 9 cases had vertical reduction with average redution of 4.9mm. 3) Although malocclusion is not necessarilly contraindication to genioplasty alone, genioplasty following surgical with or without orthodontical correction of malocclusion is the way to get better result with patient satisfaction. 4) 77% of the patients had adjunctive procedures simultaneously to acheive a better contour and profile 5) Complications such as hematoma, infection, fracture, nerve damage were minimal.
Chin ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Genioplasty* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Jaw ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Patient Satisfaction ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Genioplasty*

We compared the rate of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis[CCC]con traction and degree of postoperative capsular fibrosis between patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and age-matched non-diabetic patients after phacoemulsification with posterior chamber acryl foldable intraocular lens implantation.Sixty-two eyes of 42 patients of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 78 eyes of 55 patients of control group who underwent cataract surgery with acryl foldable intraocular lens were enrolled in this retrospective study.During follow up examination the rate of CCC contractions were evaluated by NIDEK EAS-1000 System and we measured the area of anterior capsular opening.The diabetic patients average percentage of anterior capsular shirinkage rate was higher than non-diabetic patient's. But no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. In conclusion, small incision cataract surgery with acryl foldable intraocular lens implantation showed good results in diabetic patients.Further studies will be needed for better clinical safety and efficacy.
Cataract ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification ; Retrospective Studies ; Traction

Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome is a disease characterized by corneal endothelial degeneration, corneal edema, peripheral anterior synechia, iris stromal change, and secondary glaucoma. This syndrome is considered to have three major variations: Chandler's syndrome, progressive (essential) iris atrophy, and Cogan-Reese syndrome. We experienced three cases of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome with transient intraocular pressure elevation.

Surgical approaches to blowout fracture have been made through a skin inci-sion in the lower eyelid placed just below the eyelashes[a subciliary pproach], a conjunctival approach, a transantral approach, or a combined approach. Authors repaired the orbital floor fracture through the transconjunctival and transantral approaches simultaneously in 4 patients confirmed orbital floor fracture on CT scan from April to September 1998. Transconjunctival approach could avoid ectropion, lower eyelid retraction and transantral endoscopic orbital floor exploration could allow precise determination of fracture size, location, and replacement of prolapsed tissue and placement of implant over the bony defect. So it was possible to repair with a minimal size of implant and could avoid the complications caused by a too large implant in the posteriorly located orbital floor fracture.
Ectropion ; Endoscopy ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Orbital Implants* ; Skin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps* ; Maxilla*

OBJECTIVES: The definition of a hidden youth is a young person who has completely withdrawn from society and shut himself or herself away for more than 3 months. Those pathologically-withdrawn youths have become a burden not only to society but also to the family. However, screening of these hidden youths cannot be done easily. This study focused on developing a primary effective screening tool for these hidden youths. METHODS: The 42 participants of this study were parents of hidden youths that are between 8 to 25 years old. They were selected from from mental health centers and psychiatric clinics around Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. We also recruited 239 parents of middle and high school students in the Seoul metropolitan area for a control group. In order to decide the concurrent validity of this questionnaire, we used the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision, Children's Depression Inventory, Beck Depression Inven-tory, Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised, Social Anxiety and Distress Scale, Avoidant Personality Disorder Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. SPSS version 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha values, the reliability coefficient to represent internal consistency, were between 0.396 and 0.935, which showed relatively high internal consistency for this questionnaire. The test-retest coefficient was between 0.68 and 0.78, which was a statistically significant result. In a factor analysis, 4 factors such as avoidance, withdrawal, isolation, and apathy were extracted. In a concurrent validity test with SCL-90-R, the isolation factor showed a statistically-significant relationship with a phobic-anxiety sub-scale, and avoidance and withdrawal sub-scales were remarkably correlated with the interpersonal sensitivity sub-scale. CONCLUSION: Since the questionnaire for socially withdrawn youths has achieved statistically-satisfactory reliability and validity, it will be a useful method to screen for hidden youths in educational, community, and clinical settings.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Apathy ; Child ; Depression ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mental Health ; Parents ; Personality Disorders ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The definition of a hidden youth is a young person who has completely withdrawn from society and shut himself or herself away for more than 3 months. Those pathologically-withdrawn youths have become a burden not only to society but also to the family. However, screening of these hidden youths cannot be done easily. This study focused on developing a primary effective screening tool for these hidden youths. METHODS: The 42 participants of this study were parents of hidden youths that are between 8 to 25 years old. They were selected from from mental health centers and psychiatric clinics around Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. We also recruited 239 parents of middle and high school students in the Seoul metropolitan area for a control group. In order to decide the concurrent validity of this questionnaire, we used the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision, Children's Depression Inventory, Beck Depression Inven-tory, Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised, Social Anxiety and Distress Scale, Avoidant Personality Disorder Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. SPSS version 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha values, the reliability coefficient to represent internal consistency, were between 0.396 and 0.935, which showed relatively high internal consistency for this questionnaire. The test-retest coefficient was between 0.68 and 0.78, which was a statistically significant result. In a factor analysis, 4 factors such as avoidance, withdrawal, isolation, and apathy were extracted. In a concurrent validity test with SCL-90-R, the isolation factor showed a statistically-significant relationship with a phobic-anxiety sub-scale, and avoidance and withdrawal sub-scales were remarkably correlated with the interpersonal sensitivity sub-scale. CONCLUSION: Since the questionnaire for socially withdrawn youths has achieved statistically-satisfactory reliability and validity, it will be a useful method to screen for hidden youths in educational, community, and clinical settings.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Apathy ; Child ; Depression ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mental Health ; Parents ; Personality Disorders ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Abdomen ; Syringoma