The localization of Giardia muris was determined in 8 Giardia-infected laboratory mice that were fed on a normal diet. The average total length of small intestine of the mice was 38.3 cm. Among 8 sections (to divide into 8 part from pylorus to cecal junction :Sect. I, Sect. II, ...... Sect. VIII), the optimum habitat ranged Sect. IV to Sect. V(from 14.5 cm to 24.4 cm posterior to the pylorus. Distribution rate of Giardia muris in posterior part of small intestine was higher than that in anterior part. The bile duct of 8 mice were examined, but no Giardia was found. The cyst of Giardia muris were found at the part posterior to the Sect. VII. The result of a comparison between varying average body length and body breadth of Giardia muris drawn at random from different part of small intestine of 5 laboratory mice was as follows : Maximum average dimension of the body length of the trophozoite was found at the part of Sect. IV and minimum average value was observed at the part of Sect. VIII. On average dimension of body length of the trophozoite, no significant difference was obtained among the parasites at Sect. II, Sect. IV, Sect. VI, but significant small dimension value was observed aat Sect. VIII. Coincidental figures on the part where the maximum distribution rate was shown and the part where the maximum average dimension of the body length of the trophozoite were considered as indicating the optimum site of the parasite.
parasitology-protozoology-Giardia muris ; mouse ; intestine ; habitat ; animal

Carbon tetrachloride and dimethylnitrosamine, both potent hepatotoxic agents, affect the hepatic lobules with fatty changes and central necrosis, and hemorrhagic necrosis. To study the effects on morphologic changes of the hepatic lobules in cases of single and repeated treatment of both hepatotoxins, sublethal doses of carbon tetrachloride, 0.4ml/kg, and dimethyl nitrosamine, 40 mg/kg of rats were given introperitoneally single, twice and triple. With interval of 3 days, and the results were as follows: 1. The fatty changes and central necrosis of the hepatic lobules were milder and more quickly disappeared in the rats with twice or triple treatment than single administration of carbon tetrachloride, and regenerative changes of hepatic and sinusoidal cells achieved fater in the rats with repeated administration of carbon tetrachloride than those with single treatment. 2. The hemorrhagic necrosis of the hepatic lobules was not significantly influenced by the times of DMN treatment, but the hyperplastic changes showed more active to animals, with multiple administration of DMN.
Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride* ; Carbon* ; Dimethylnitrosamine* ; Liver* ; Necrosis ; Rats*

Eleven nonathletes and eleven athletes wore exorcised on a otandardised Harvard step test, and the average rate of chance in QRS amplitude in lead III of the electocadiogram associated with heart rotation and the average change in rate of heart beat were observed. 1. After the Harvard step exercise, the average rate of change in QRS amplitude in lead III of both groups increased. This was due to the clockwise rotation of the heart and was associated with respiratory movement. The diaphragm was inferred to remain for a while in a relatively more insapiratory position. 2. After the Harved step exercise, a high correlation between the recovery of the average rate of change in QRS amplitude in lead III and the average change in rate of heart beat was observed in the athletic group. 3. In the nonathletic group there was no significant correlation between the average rate of QRS amplitude change and the average rate of change of heart beat. 4. Athletes were assumed to be trained to ventilate quickly at their maximum ability, using deep descending movements of the diaphragm and other respiratory musclature. Consequently, the average in rate of heat beat also recovered quickly. 5. Nonath1etes were inferred not to have been trained to adjust quickly to ventilate so efficiently with their diaphragm movement and other respiratory, musculature, and are characterised by their longer time to complete recovery.
Athletes ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Diaphragm ; Exercise Test ; Heart* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Sports

Eleven nonathletes and eleven athletes wore exorcised on a otandardised Harvard step test, and the average rate of chance in QRS amplitude in lead III of the electocadiogram associated with heart rotation and the average change in rate of heart beat were observed. 1. After the Harvard step exercise, the average rate of change in QRS amplitude in lead III of both groups increased. This was due to the clockwise rotation of the heart and was associated with respiratory movement. The diaphragm was inferred to remain for a while in a relatively more insapiratory position. 2. After the Harved step exercise, a high correlation between the recovery of the average rate of change in QRS amplitude in lead III and the average change in rate of heart beat was observed in the athletic group. 3. In the nonathletic group there was no significant correlation between the average rate of QRS amplitude change and the average rate of change of heart beat. 4. Athletes were assumed to be trained to ventilate quickly at their maximum ability, using deep descending movements of the diaphragm and other respiratory musclature. Consequently, the average in rate of heat beat also recovered quickly. 5. Nonath1etes were inferred not to have been trained to adjust quickly to ventilate so efficiently with their diaphragm movement and other respiratory, musculature, and are characterised by their longer time to complete recovery.
Athletes ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Diaphragm ; Exercise Test ; Heart* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Sports

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Glomus Tumor* ; Quadriceps Muscle*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Oocyte Donation* ; Ovum*

BACKGROUND: There is a continuing increase in geriatric population. Many workers have reported an increased mortality rate after operation on patients over 65 years of age. The aim of this study is to analyze and to measure the risk factors associated with geriatric surgery. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 467 patients over 65 years of age who had been admitted and operated on in the department of General Surgery, Konkuk University Hospital, between January, 1993 and December, 1999. An analysis was done on age and sex distribution, duration of admission, type of anesthesia, duration of general anesthesia, number of benign and malignant disease, number of coexistent disease, number of emergency and elective operation, and then, we analyzed the above factors to know whether they influence mortality rate or not. RESULTS: 1) Overall operative mortality rate was 4.3%, and the factors influencing mortality rate were, malignant disease, coexisting disease, emergency operation and long duration of general anesthesia. 2) Old age in itself did not affect the mortality. CONCLUSION: In order to reduce the operative mortality in geriatric surgery, careful preoperative evaluation and elective surgery rather than emergency operation must be done, and the operation chosen should be the one of less magnitude, not very radical operations to achieve permanent cures.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mortality* ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution

BACKGROUND: Reconstitution of hematopoiesis by means of peripheral blood stem cells(PBSC) has been widely used in patients with hematologic malignancies or solid tumors. We analyzed our experiences of PBSC collections with a MCS3p(Haemonetics Corp. Braintree, MA,USA) and investigated factors that may affect the collection of PBSC. METHOD: The forty-seven harvests in 11 cancer patients(median age 48, 4 males: 7 females) were performed during marrow recovery after administration of anticancerous regimens and and hematopoietic growth factors. RESULTS: Median number of WBC & mononuclear cells(MNCs) in preapheresis was 4,700/pl and 1,472/pl, retrospectively. A total of 11.2 x 10'(range 5.4-17.0) MNCs were collected from 7.2 l (5.5-8.9) blood processed per procedure. The mean percentage of CD34 positive cells in the product was 1.9%(0.9-2.9). Collection efficiency was 58.1%. While age of patients or total processed blood volume did not affect for total number of MNC collected, the number of WBCs including MNCs on the day of harvest was an importanr factor for higher yield of MNCs(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that Haemonetics MCS3P. Is a fully automated blood cell separator with good collection efficiency for hematopoietic progenitor cells.(Korean J Blood Transfusion 10(1): 35-41,1999)
Blood Cells ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood Volume ; Bone Marrow ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Stem Cells*