PURPOSE: It was noted some changes of clinical manifestations of mycoplasma pneumonia. we reviewed and compared these changes and saught any clues causes for proper dignosis and treatment. METHODS: We divided patients with mycoplasma pneumonia into two groups, Group 1 (from Jan. to Dec. 1996) and Group 2 (from Jan. to Dec. 1994), and analyzed clinical, radiologic, and serologic differences. RESULTS: Mean age of onset lowered markedly from was 8.34 +/- 2.56 years to 6.91 +/- 3.28 years (P<0.05). In clinical symptoms, high fever lasted longer and gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent noted group 1. Serologically, high titers of mycoplasma-specific antibody (>1 : 1280) were more frequently observed in group 1 and correlated with severity of clinical manifestations. In radiologic findings, alveolar consolidation were significantly prominent findings in Group (P<0.05). The mean period of response to Roxithromycin was not difference between two groups but longer lasting fever (> or = 3 days) in spite of medication were more prevalent in Group 1 (P<0.05), suggesting increased cases of diminished responsiveness to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Recently, there was some clinical changes of mycoplasma pneumonia, lowering of onset age, severe clinical symptoms, and more decreased responsiveness to antibiotic treatment. We suggest that it is to neccessary to make some efforts to prevent antibiotics abuse and to decrease the occurrence of resistant strains by introducing of new method for early diagnosis, selective identification of micro-organism and minute sensitivity test for antibiotics.
Age of Onset ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Early Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Roxithromycin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this trial was to determine whether salbtamol and budesonide combined inhalation therapy is more efficacious than conservative treatment for admitted infants with bronchiolitis in early phase. METHODS: The study subjects were 72 infants admitted to Sun Hospital in Taejeon from July 1994 to June 1995, whose age from 1 month to 12 months with clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Infants were randomly assigned to different three treatment groups as follw: Group C: 21 infants who received conservative treatment with oxygen (4liter/min); Group A: 23 infants who received salbutamol (0.1mg/kg) inhalation therapy using ultrasonic nebulizer at 6 hours interval add to conservative therapy; Group B: 28 infants who received budesonide (0.1mg/kg) inhalation therapy with above mentioned treatment at 12 hours interval. Then, infants were analyzed by comparison of clinical score, repiratory rate at time order of entry, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 5 days after treatment. We also compared ABGA of admission time to 24 hours after treatment of all groups and appreciate total hospital days of three groups. On follow up, same analyzing methods of comparison were used on 42 non-recurrent wheezing infants. RESULTS: The mean values of clinical score and respiratory rate were significantly improved in salbutamol and budesonide inhalation treatment group at 24 hours from medium of 6.1 60.7/min to 2.4, 42.3/min respectly. This effect was sustained thereafter. On the while, salbutamol inhalation group was significantly improved the clinical score and respiratory reate at 12 hours after therapy, but thereafter there was no obvious difference to conservative treatment. After then we exclude the recurrent infants and analyzed above mentioned items retrospectively. The improvement of clinical score and respiratory rate of salbutamol and budesonide inhalation therapy group was significant. Oxygenation was improved after 24hours of salbutamol and budesonide inhalation therapy. Total hospital stay was significantly reduced in salbutamol and budesonide inhalation group, and slightly reduced inthe salbutamol inhalation group. CONCLUSION: Infants with bronchiolitis treated with salbutamol and budesonide inhalation achieved better results in clinical score, repiratory rate PO2, and hospital days than no inhalation therapy. No reapiratory failure was occurred. So, this trial as treatment of bronchiolitis may be useful and effective therapy in those infants.
Albuterol* ; Bronchiolitis* ; Budesonide* ; Daejeon ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant* ; Inhalation* ; Length of Stay ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Rate ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Solar System ; Ultrasonics

PURPOSE: The purpose of this trial was to determine whether salbtamol and budesonide combined inhalation therapy is more efficacious than conservative treatment for admitted infants with bronchiolitis in early phase. METHODS: The study subjects were 72 infants admitted to Sun Hospital in Taejeon from July 1994 to June 1995, whose age from 1 month to 12 months with clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Infants were randomly assigned to different three treatment groups as follw: Group C: 21 infants who received conservative treatment with oxygen (4liter/min); Group A: 23 infants who received salbutamol (0.1mg/kg) inhalation therapy using ultrasonic nebulizer at 6 hours interval add to conservative therapy; Group B: 28 infants who received budesonide (0.1mg/kg) inhalation therapy with above mentioned treatment at 12 hours interval. Then, infants were analyzed by comparison of clinical score, repiratory rate at time order of entry, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 5 days after treatment. We also compared ABGA of admission time to 24 hours after treatment of all groups and appreciate total hospital days of three groups. On follow up, same analyzing methods of comparison were used on 42 non-recurrent wheezing infants. RESULTS: The mean values of clinical score and respiratory rate were significantly improved in salbutamol and budesonide inhalation treatment group at 24 hours from medium of 6.1 60.7/min to 2.4, 42.3/min respectly. This effect was sustained thereafter. On the while, salbutamol inhalation group was significantly improved the clinical score and respiratory reate at 12 hours after therapy, but thereafter there was no obvious difference to conservative treatment. After then we exclude the recurrent infants and analyzed above mentioned items retrospectively. The improvement of clinical score and respiratory rate of salbutamol and budesonide inhalation therapy group was significant. Oxygenation was improved after 24hours of salbutamol and budesonide inhalation therapy. Total hospital stay was significantly reduced in salbutamol and budesonide inhalation group, and slightly reduced inthe salbutamol inhalation group. CONCLUSION: Infants with bronchiolitis treated with salbutamol and budesonide inhalation achieved better results in clinical score, repiratory rate PO2, and hospital days than no inhalation therapy. No reapiratory failure was occurred. So, this trial as treatment of bronchiolitis may be useful and effective therapy in those infants.
Albuterol* ; Bronchiolitis* ; Budesonide* ; Daejeon ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant* ; Inhalation* ; Length of Stay ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Rate ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Solar System ; Ultrasonics

Guillain-Barr syndrome is rarely complicated by hypertension, which has been ascribed to sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity. We report a 11 years old female with Guillain-Barr syndrome complicated by persistent hypertension associated with elevated renin-angiotensin. So we report this case with brief review of related literatures.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Sympathetic Nervous System

Neonatal ascites is an uncommon problem with many etiologies. The common causes include hematologic diseases, bowel perforation, obstructive uropathy, cardiovascular diseases, chylous ascites, intrauterine infection, and meconium peritonitis. Recently, the wide application of sonography has greatly narrowed the list of differential diagnosis of neonatal ascites. Meconium peritonitis is readily diagnosed if calcification in the abdomen or scrotum can be seen radiologically or sonographically in a neonate with abdominal distension at birth. We report a case of generalized meconium peritonitis without intraabdominal calcification by radiologic and sonographic study and notable meconium hydrocele at birth.
Abdomen ; Ascites ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Chylous Ascites ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meconium* ; Parturition ; Peritonitis* ; Scrotum ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The clinical findings of early neonatal hypocalcemia are variable and it is difficult to find relationship between the symptoms and hypocalcemia due to complex causes. The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between early neonatal hypocalcemia and clinical manifestations and to propose a guideline for appropriate treatment of early neonatal hypocalcemia, especially in asymptomatic cases. METHODS: Study subjects were all sick babies admitted to nursery and NICU and randornly selected 43 healthy babies at Sun General Hospital from January 1996 to December 1996. We examined serum calcium level within 72 hours after birth. Then we evaluated prospectively clinical findings according to each disease category in hypocalcemic cases and analysed the relationship of time course of clinical findings with hypocalcemia and compared serum calcium concentration followed by each therapy after 3 days. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1) The incidence of early neonatal hypocalcernia was high in premature infants, low birth weight infants, infants with neonatal asphyxia, hyaline membrane disease and transient tachypnea. 2) Tremor, seizure, apnea, dyspnea, abdominal distension, cyanosis, and vomiting were frequently presented symptoms in early neonatal hypocalcemia. 3) In the cases of early hypocalcemia with symptoms, these symptoms persisted continuously after norrnalization of serum calcium concentration. 4) Among asymptomatic hypocalcernic group, mean serum calcium levels changed from 6.7 mg/dL to 8.7 mg/dL in 23 cases of no treatment, from 5.4 mg/dL to 10.3 mg/dL in 4 cases of calcium gluconate infusion, and from 6.3 mg/dL to 8.7 mg/dL in 7 cases of feeding low phosphorus containing milk. None persisted in hypocalcemic state irrespective of treatment methods. CONCLUSION: It is difficult to regard these symptoms as a rule to treatment because these symptoms were present after normalizaton of serum calcium concentration. In addition, asymptomatic hypocalcemia was improved shortly without any treatment without any problem. We conclude that for asymptomatic hypocalcemia, withholding dangerous calcium gluconate infusion would be perrnissible.
Apnea ; Asphyxia ; Calcium ; Calcium Gluconate ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Hypocalcemia* ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Milk ; Nurseries ; Parturition ; Phosphorus ; Prospective Studies ; Seizures ; Solar System ; Tachypnea ; Tremor ; Vomiting

Polyphenon 60 refers to the mixture of catechins present in green tea. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of polyphenon 60 against 4 strains of Streptococcus mutans and 2 strains of Streptococcus sorbrinus, which are the major causative bacteria of dental caries. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of polyphenon 60 for S. mutans and S. sobrinus were determined and the effect of biofilm formation inhibition of that was evaluated. The MBC value of polyphenon 60 against the bacterial strains was 2.5 mg/ml except for one particular strain, S. mutans KCOM 1128 for which the value was 1.25 mg/ml. The results of biofilm formation inhibition assay revealed that polyphenon 60 inhibited biofilm formation more than 90% at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. It was apparent that polyphenon exhibited biofilm formation inhibition activity along with bactericidal effect against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Therefore, it is proposed that polyphenon 60 as one of the components of bactericidal agents could be useful in developing oral hygiene products, toothpaste or gargling solution.
Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Catechin ; Dental Caries ; Oral Hygiene ; Streptococcus mutans ; Streptococcus sobrinus ; Streptococcus ; Tea ; Toothpastes

OBJECTIVE: It is well known that X-ray induces follicular atresia, but the exact mechanism of atresia is not still unveiled completely. In addition, the role of macrophage related with clean-up the dead granulosa cells and other functions within the ovarian follicle is emphasized recently. The aim of this study is to assess the radiation-induced morphological changes of ovarian follicles and follicular macrophages. METHODS: 8 Gy X-ray irradiated on the 3-week old rats (Sprague-Dawley strain), sacrificed at 6, 12, and 24 hours after irradiation, and performed morphological studies with light and transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL, and macrophage immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Follicular atresia increased significantly (p<0.01) at 6 hours after X-irradiation, and it was decreased significantly (p<0.01) at 12 and 24 hours after irradiation. X-ray induced chromatin condensation in the nucleus and nuclear fragmentation of granulosa cells, which were the typical features of apoptosis. Apoptotic granulosa cells were phagocytosed by the neighboring normal granulosa cells and the macrophages. During atresia of follicles, radioresistant granulosa cells were found in some follicles, which showed similar features morphologically with the granulosa cells of normal follicles. Macrophages were found both within the antrum and at the follicular granulosa layer. CONCLUSION: X-radiation induced follicular atresia by means of granulosa cell apoptosis, and radioresistant granulosa cells which have similar features morphologically with the granulosa cells of normal follicles were observed in some follicles. And the macrophages which phagocytose the apoptotic granulosa cells were located within the follicular antrum and at the follicular granulosa layer.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Chromatin ; Female ; Follicular Atresia* ; Granulosa Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Macrophages* ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Ovarian Follicle ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Rats

Since Jacob and associates in 1959 were the first to report a case of triple X syndrome associated with ovarian failure, the incidence of trisomy X in newborn population is estimated to be 1 in 1,000 live born female. Most of them have normal physical appearance and puberty. We report a case of a newborn with triple X syndrome confirmed by chromosomal study whose clinical features included left preauricular pit, broad nose, thin lip, anogenital anomaly. Echocardiography showed atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect.
Adolescent ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Lip ; Nose ; Puberty ; Trisomy

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*