No Abstract Available.
Animals ; Cats* ; Endothelium, Corneal*

Liver abscess following ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting occurs very rarely. We report an unusual case of multiple liver abscesses caused by Staphylococcus capitis in a 50-year-old compromised woman due to a complicating VP shunt infection. We reviewed the nine cases of VP shunt complications reported in the English literature, and speculated that the most likely pathogenetic mechanism in our case is an infected peritoneal tip that migrated to and penetrated the liver, which subsequently caused the formation of multiple liver abscesses. The patient was successfully treated with percutaneous aspiration, drainage of the abscesses, intravenous antibiotics, and shunt revision. Awareness and vigilance of the possibility of liver abscess formation caused by VP shunt infection will help establish an early accurate diagnosis and therapeutic strategy.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheter-Related Infections ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Abscess* ; Liver* ; Middle Aged ; Staphylococcus ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt*

Informed consent (IC) should be a form of communication between a physician and patient in which information regarding all options of a medical procedure and the patient's preference is shared. The aim of this study was to create a standard for communication by IC for physicians. The IC standard was developed based on an analysis of a dialogue in our previous experience with a medical communication program and a review of the literature. The dialogue pattern of the IC standard had the following six elements: opening; orientation; disclosure of information; conforming and complementing; shared decision making; and closing. Factors that influenced effective IC-based communication included preparation, attitude, empathy, listening, a psychosocial factor, nonverbal communication, explanation, and understanding. The IC communication standard will be useful in improving the quality of communication between a physician and patient in obtaining IC. It will also be used as a guideline for communication educators and medical students. Innovative strategies and rigorous studies are needed to improve IC counseling to establish effective patient-centered interviews.
Complement System Proteins ; Counseling ; Decision Making ; Disclosure ; Empathy ; Humans ; Informed Consent* ; Nonverbal Communication ; Psychology ; Students, Medical

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of gabapentin and clonidine on neuropathic pain in an experimental pain model. METHOD: 24 male adult rats were anesthetized and the sciatic nerve was exposed. Each exposed nerve was electrically injured with 10 volts for 10 seconds by two needle electrodes. Rats were divided into three groups by treating with gabapentin, clonidine and sham. Gabapentin and clonidine were given orally from post operation day 3 to 7 in gabapentin and clonidine groups respectively. To evaluate the presence of mechanical allodynia, withdrawal frequency was tested by Von Frey hair in the same days. After post operation day 7, all the medications were discontinued and mechanical allodynia was evaluated at post operation day 14. RESULT: Neuropathic pain was developed after electrical injury in all the rats. Withdrawal frequency is more decreased in gabapentin and clonidine groups than sham group in post operation day 4 to 7. The withdrawal frequency was 2.88+/-0.83, 2.75+/-0.89, 3.13+/-0.99, 3.25+/- 1.28 in gabapentin group and 3.38+/-0.92, 4.50+/-2.20, 3.25+/-1.17, 3.50+/-0.93 in clonidine group in post operation day 4, 5, 6, 7, respectively. In post operation day 14, withdrawal frequency was increased and showed no difference compared to the sham group. CONCLUSION: Gabapentin and clonidine can suppress the neuropathic pain in an experimental pain model. There was no different effect on the neuropathic pain suppression between gabapentin and clonidine.
Adult ; Animals ; Clonidine* ; Electrodes ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Male ; Needles ; Neuralgia* ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve

The authors report a case of recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) after complete occlusion of an intracranial aneurysm. It is known that regrowth of an aneurysm after the complete clipping is a rare event. For detection of recurrence, however, it may be necessary to follow up with the patient regularly after the initial operation for intracranial aneurysms, because re-rupture of an aneurysm can cause a fatal result, and the cumulative risk of a recurrent SAH is thought to be not low over time.
Aneurysm ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Recurrence ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Cerebral arterial air embolism (CAAE), although infrequent, is a complication that can occur at any time during an invasive medical procedure. We experienced two cases of CAAE during cerebral angiography accidentally. The author reports the two cases of CAAE wherein air emboli dissolved spontaneously and immediately under normal atmospheric pressure, not under therapeutic hyperbaric environment. One of the cases shows entire dissolution of the air embolus on the moving image. This report shows that arterial air embolus can be absorbed spontaneously, and air embolus size is one of the factors that influence air embolus dissolution besides hyperbaric oxygen condition.
Absorption* ; Atmospheric Pressure ; Cerebral Angiography ; Embolism* ; Embolism, Air ; Oxygen

Incidence of aneurysm of the anterior spinal artery is known to be very low and the standard treatment strategy has not yet been established. The author experienced a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by the rupture of an aneurysm in the branch of the cervical anterior spinal artery, which was managed conservatively. The patient had end-stage common bile duct cancer and survived for 103 days after onset of the SAH without a re-rupture of the aneurysm.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Arteries ; Common Bile Duct ; Humans ; Incidence ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Tc-99m DTPA diuretic renal scans in children upper urinary tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed diuretic renal scans of 14 pediatric patients (age range: 3 days to 4 years) with unilateral hydronephrosis diagnosed by ultrasonography. Diuretic renal scan was done using Tc-99m DTPA and standardized protocol. In 3 neonates, diuretic renal scans were performed within 1 week and 3-7 months after birth. RESULTS: Six patients required pyeloplasty and eight were managed conservatively. All 6 patients requiring pyeloplasty were diagnosed as having ureteropelvic junction obstruction in the diuretic renal scan. In these 6 patients, post-operative renal scans at 3-12 months after surgery were converted to nonobstructive pattern in 5 and a nonobstructive patterns in 1. In 3 patients who underwent diuretic renal scan within 1 week after birth., nonobstructive patterns of initial scan were coverted to obstructive patterns in the follow-up scan. However, all patients with nonobstructive diuretic renal scans performed after the neonatal period did well on serial ultrasonography and showed favorable clinical outcome without progression to obstruction. CONCLUSION: Tc-99m DTPA diuretic renal scan with standarized protocol is useful in assessing suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children as an initial diagnostic or post-operative follow-up modality. Nonobstructive or indeterminate scan RESULTS in the neonatal period requires follow-up scan to monitor development of the obstructive pattern.
Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney Pelvis ; Parturition ; Pentetic Acid* ; Radioisotope Renography* ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract*

A 57-year-old male had cardiac arrest during an operation of traumatic acute subdural haematoma (ASDH) and intraparenchymal haemorrhage in the infratentorium due to a great amount of bleeding from the pre-injured venous sinus. After effective bleeding control using a gauze, the patient recovered without additional neurological sequelae. The operation of traumatic ASDH in the infratentorium always poses a risk of excessive bleeding from the injured venous sinus that could be life-threatening to the patient. This risk could be avoided with the effective first method that can immediately control the bleeding.
Heart Arrest ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Middle Aged

No abstract available.
Female ; HELLP Syndrome* ; Pregnancy