No abstract available.
Aged, 80 and over* ; Humans ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Risk Factors*

In a conservative treatment of lumbar disc herniation, authors customarily had included the flexion exercise untill 1991. Thereafter, the extension exercise started to be included for the selected patients and this study was designed to assess the clinical outcome of the extension exercise compared to the flexion exercise in the conservative treatments of lumbar disc herniations. 55 consecutive patients (31 males and 24 females having ages ranging from 19-68 years with a mean of 37.2) were included in this prospective study. Criteria for inclusion in this group were: 1. Contained herniations of a single lumbar disc, documented by CT or MRI; 2. no other concurrent spine pathology; 3. conservative treatments with an uniform program including the extension exercise; 4. follow-up for a minimum of one year. For comparison with this prospective group, another 62 consecutive patients (36 males and 26 females having ages ranging from 17-63 years with a mean of 35.7) were selected who were treated during 1991 with flexion exercise before this study was designed and who were matched with the designed criteria except for the direction of exercise. Apart from the therapeutic exercise, the conservative treatments also included medication, physiotheraphy, epidural injection, and back school in the both groups uniformly. The clinical outcome of the extension exercise group indicated that 28 (50.9%) patients excellent, 23 (41.8%) patients good, three (5.5%) patients fair, and one (1.8%) patient failed outcomes. In the flexion exercise group, there were 23 (37.1%) excellent, 27 (43.5%) good, seven (11.3%) fair, and five (8.1%) failed outcomes. From these results, it would seem to follow that the extension exercise group had superior clinical outcome compared to the flexion exercise, i.e. higher excellent and good outcomes (92.7% vs. 80.6%) and lower poor and failed outcomes (7.3% vs. 19.4%), respectively, Moreover, the excellent outcome in terms of full recovery without any pain and disability was more common in the extension exercise group (50.9% vs. 37.1%). A better clinical outcome was obtained in the extension exercise group of patients who were younger than 40 years and who had a history of three months or less compared with those who were older and had longer history of disease. The sizes of disc protrusion did not affect the clinical outcome. In conclusion, we would recommend that the extension exercise, instead of the flexion exercise, should be included in the conservative treatment of a contained herniation of lumbar disc for a better clinical outcome.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Spine

There is no clear consensus for the best treatment of men with locally advanced prostate cancer. As a first step, radiation therapy or primary hormone therapy or radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection is used. But it seems impossible to have a good oncologic result with single treatment modality. Traditionally, external beam radiation therapy with adjuvant hormone therapy is most preferred treatment method in locally advanced prostate cancer and radical prostatectomy has not been routinely used because of high rates of margin positive and lymph node metastasis. But, recently published articles showed that surgery in multimodal setting is effective treatment modality and not inferior to radiation therapy in oncologic outcomes. Perioperative morbidities of surgery and incontinence rates are similar to surgery of organ confined diseases, and patients with primary radiotherapy seem to have high rate of lower urinary tract symptoms and radiation related complications compared with radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy. There is still controversy in regard to performing surgery for locally advanced prostate cancer. We review the studies with surgery in locally advanced prostate cancer and compare with radiation therapy in multimodal setting, and review the studies with surgery in oligometastatic prostate cancer.
Consensus ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostate* ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant

PURPOSE: Intravenous propofol anesthesia has been safely and effectively used in the ureteroscopic management of lower ureteral calculi. We investigated whether we can also use propofol anesthesia effectively for the treatment of middle and upper ureteral calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed ureteroscopy with intravenous propofol anesthesia in 200 consecutive patients with ureteral calculi from July 1998 to December 2001. We divided them into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 59 patients, 48 men and 11 women, with upper and midureteral calculi, and group 2 consisted of 141 patients, 94 men and 47 women, with lower ureteral calculi. We compared safety, success rate, length of hospital stay and complication rate between the two groups. RESULTS: The overall success rate for ureteroscopy was 94.5% (189/200). Seven patients suffered perioperative complications, none of whom needed to change mode of anesthesia or remembered discomfort during the operation. In group 1, stone size, operation time and postoperative hospital stays were 7.5+/-3.2mm, 33.0+/-20.3 minutes and 1.9+/-1.0 days, respectively. The equivalent results were 6.2+/-2.9mm, 22.9+/-15.0 minutes and 1.4+/-0.9 days, respectively, in group 2. There were no significant differences in age, complication rate or success rate between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with middle and upper ureteral calculi, ureteroscopic stone removal under intravenous propofol anesthesia can be performed safely and effectively without any significant increase in morbidity or patient discomfort.
Anesthesia* ; Calculi ; Female ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Propofol* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi* ; Ureteroscopy*

No abstract available.
Eosinophilic Granuloma* ; Eosinophils* ; Meningitis, Bacterial*

Glassy cell carcinoma is a histologic subtype of cervical cancer with distinct pathologic features and it has an aggressive biologic course. It was first described by Glucksmann and Cherry in 1956 as a poorly differentiated adenoquamous carcinoma and commented on its poor prognosis, unresponsiveness to traditional modes of therapy, and often associated with pregnancy. The characteristic histologic features are defined as follows: 1) cells with a moderate amount of cytoplasm resembling ground glass, 2) a fairly distinct cell membrane that stains with eosin or PAS, 3) large nuclei with prominent nucleoli. We present two cases of glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix successfullyl treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical hyterectorny, with a brief review of literatures.
Cell Membrane ; Cervix Uteri* ; Coloring Agents ; Cytoplasm ; Drug Therapy* ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Glass ; Hysterectomy* ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Prunus ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

PURPOSE: To compare the new swept-source optical coherence tomography based IOL Master 700 to both the partial coherence interferometry based IOL Master 500 and ultrasound A-scan in terms of the ocular biometry and the prediction of postoperative refractive outcomes. METHODS: A total 67 eyes of 55 patients who received cataract surgery were included in our study. The axial length, anterior chamber depth, and keratometry were measured using IOL Master 700, IOL Master 500, and A-scan. The predictive errors, which are the differences between predictive refraction and post-operative refraction 1 month after surgery, were also compared. RESULTS: Axial length measurements were not successful in 5 eyes measured using IOL Master 700 and in 12 eyes measured using IOL Master 500. The mean absolute postoperative refraction predictive errors were 0.63 ± 0.50 diopters, 0.66 ± 0.51 diopters, and 0.62 ± 0.51 diopters for IOL Master 700, IOL Master 500, and A-scan, respectively, and these values exhibited no statistically significant differences. The mean axial lengths were 24.25 ± 2.41 mm, 24.24 ± 2.40 mm, and 24.22 ± 2.39 mm; the mean anterior chamber depths were 3.09 ± 0.39 mm, 3.17 ± 0.39 mm, and 3.15 ± 0.46 mm; and the mean keratometry values were 44.12 ± 1.82 diopters, 44.57 ± 2.10 diopters, and 43.98 ± 1.84 diopters for the IOL Master 700, IOL Master 500, and A-scan groups, respectively. None of these parameters showed statistically significant differences between the three groups. Regarding pair-wise comparison, there were significant differences between the IOL Master 700 and the other devices. CONCLUSIONS: The ocular biometric measurements measured using IOL Master 700, IOL Master 500, and A-scan showed no significant differences. However, IOL Master 700 demonstrated a superior ability to successfully take biometric measurements compared to IOL Master 500. Therefore, IOL Master 700 is capable of measuring ocular biometry for cataract surgery in clinical practice.
Anterior Chamber ; Biometry* ; Cataract ; Humans ; Interferometry ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Ultrasonography*

Congenital smooth muscle hamartomas (CSMHs) usually appear at birth as skin-colored or slightly hyperpigmented patches or plaques on the trunk or extremities and are often covered by and increased amount of vellus hair. Histopathologically, it represents a proliferation of smooth muscle bundles within the dermis(1,2). We herein report on three cases of localized CSMHs; Case 1 was a 2-month-old boy who presented with a skin-colored, 6x5cm-sized plaque with folds, hypertrichosis and pseudo- Darier's sign on the face, an unusual site. But there was no hyperpigmentation. Case 2 and 3 were both 1-month-old boys who presented with typical hyperpigmented, hairy plaques on the lateral aspect of the left thigh.
Extremities ; Hair ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypertrichosis ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Parturition ; Thigh

Botulism is a rare neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxins of Clostridium species. A ten-year-old girl and her mother were admitted to a hospital with symptoms of progressive dizziness, blurred vision, slurred speech, constipation and difficulty in swallowing. These characteristic manifestations and clinical course prompted an examination of the possibility of botulism. Mouse bioassay performed with mother's stool demonstrated type A botulinum toxin and culture of the mother's stool was positive for Clostridium botulinum type A. This is the first case of botulism in Korea.
Animals ; Biological Assay ; Botulinum Toxins ; Botulism* ; Clostridium ; Clostridium botulinum ; Clostridium botulinum type A ; Constipation ; Deglutition ; Dizziness ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mice ; Mothers ; Neurotoxins