BACKGROUND: In congenital heart disease, the lung perfusion through stenosed pulmonary artery is usually decreased. And this decrement of lung perfusion also occurs with diaphragmatic palsy after the operation of congenital heart disease. It is difficult to delineate the amount of lung perfusion in case of combination of pulmonary artery stenosis and diaphragmatic palsy. We examined the change of lung perfusion after the induction of diaphragmatic palsy in rabbits. METHODS: We dissected left phrenic nerves in 20 rabbits to induce left diaphragmatic palsy. The lung perfusion scan was performed with 99mTc-MAA and the movement of diaphragm was examined with fluoroscopy. They were performed as baseline data and on 3rd and 10th day postoperatively. The amount of left lung pefusion before and after diaphragmatic palsy was compared and analysed in 12 rabbits which definitely had diaphragmatic palsy. RESULTS: Weight of the rabbits was 1.65+/-0.26 kg. Left lung perfusion percent was 45.93+/-6.42% before operation and these were 32.48+/-6.09% and 37.62+/-3.39% on the 3rd and 10th postoperative day, respectively. Left lung perfusion was significantly decreased just after diaphragmatic palsy but it was not changed thereafter. The decrement of lung perfusion was not affected by the body weight. The decreased amount of left lung perfusion was reciprocally correlated with the body weight of the rabbits on the postoperative 3rd day but not 10th day. CONCLUSION: Left lung perfusion percent of the rabbits was decreased 7% with the induction of diaphragmatic palsy and the decreased amount was reciprocally correlated with the body weight just after the diaphragmatic palsy was induced.
Body Weight ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diaphragm ; Fluoroscopy ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Lung* ; Paralysis* ; Perfusion* ; Phrenic Nerve ; Pulmonary Artery ; Rabbits

No abstract available.
Drug Eruptions* ; Rosuvastatin Calcium

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III ; Male

BACKGROUND: With the progress of limited surgery and endoscopic treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC), multiple synchronous EGCs, a cause of recurrence, become more important. The objective of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of multiple synchronous EGCs with an emphasis on features of preoperatively undiagnosed lesions. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 496 patients who underwent a gastrectomy for EGC at our institution between January 2004 and December 2004. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (4.8%) had multiple synchronous EGCs with 24 main and 27 accessory lesions. Multiple synchronous EGCs showed male predominance (p=0.03). Other characteristics including lymph node metastasis were the same as with single EGC. Out of 27 accessory lesions, six lesions (22%) were not detected preoperatively in six patients (25%). Macroscopically five lesions were flat and one lesion was depressed. Five lesions were located at the anterior or posterior wall of the middle and low third portion and one lesion was located at the lesser curvature side of the upper third portion of the stomach. Two lesions were 4 mm, one lesion was 8 mm, two lesions were 12 mm and one lesion was 15 mm in size (mean diameter = 9.1 mm). Histologically, four lesions were of the differentiated type and two lesions were of the undifferentiated type. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple synchronous EGCs have same clinicopathologic features as a single EGC except for male predominance. Considering the possibility of a synchronous lesion, one should examine the entire stomach precisely with special attention to the anterior, posterior wall and lesser curvature side of the same or neighboring area of a known EGC lesion before treatment.
Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- term outcome of a pylorus-preserving proximal gastrectomy by comparing it with a jejunal interposition after a total gastrectomy in proximal gastric adenocarcinoma. MATENRIALS AND METHODS: For 22 patients (12 men and 10 women) who underwent a pylorus-preserving proximal gastrectomy, several clinical parameters were obtained from the medical records retrospectively. In this study, the data were collected between September 1993 and December 1999 at Chungnam National University Hospital, and the results were compared with those of 25 patients (17 men and 8 women) who underwent an isoperistaltic simple jejunal interposition. RESULTS: The average operative time in the pylorus-preserving proximal gastrectomy group (220 minutes) was shorter than that in the jejunal interposition group (243 minutes) (P<0.05). The hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were significantly higher in the pylorus-preserving proximal gastrectomy group at 2 years after the operation. The body weight ratio (postoperative body weight/preoparative body weight) in patients who had a pylorus-preserving proximal gastrectomy was significantly higher than that in patients with a jejunal interposition at 2 years after the operation. The jejunal interposition procedure had better outcomes in anastomotic site stricture, duration of hospital stay, and number of removed lymph nodes (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: We think that from the viewpoint of quality of life, a pylorus-preserving proximal gastrectomy, as well as a jejunal interposition, is a useful reconstruction method for early adenocarcinomas of the proximal stomach. However, stricture of the esophagogastrostomy site in the pylorus- preserving proximal gastrectomy is a common problem to be solved in the future.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Body Weight ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Gastrectomy* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Medical Records ; Operative Time ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach

PURPOSE: The restoration of intestinal continuity following subtotal gastrectomy for gastric malignancy as well as benign gastric disease is an important area for research. The aim of this study was to compare the uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction using a short Roux limb (20 to 30 cm) with the uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction using a long Roux limb (more than 40 cm). METHODS: 48 patients (33 men and 15 women) underwent uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction using a short Roux limb (short Roux limb group), and 32 patients (19 men and 13 women) had the Roux-en-Y operation using a long Roux limb (long Roux limb group). We assessed the outcome of these operations on the occurrence of Roux stasis syndrome, the endoscopic findings, and the required period for the nasogastric tube. RESULTS: Roux stasis syndrome occurred in 9 patients (18.8%) in the short Roux limb group, and in 10 patients (31.3%) in the long Roux limb group (p value 0.201). Pathological endoscopic finding were observed in 5 patients (10.4%) in the short Roux limb group, and in 6 patients (18.8%) in the long Roux limb group (p=0.292). CONCLUSION: Comparing the short Roux limb group with the long Roux limb group in uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction after subtotal gastrectomy, We can conclude that uncut Roux-en-Yreconstruction using a short Roux limb is an effective reconstruction procedure to alleviate Roux stasis syndrome, reflux gastritis and esophagitis.
Esophagitis ; Extremities* ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastric Bypass* ; Gastritis ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach Diseases

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcome of a jejunal interposition, by comparing it with a conventional Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy, after a total gastrectomy. MATENRIALS AND METHODS: For 28 patients (20 men and 8 women) with a gastric adenocarcinoma, who underwent an isoperistaltic simple jejunal interposition, weight, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum protein and albumin, and cholesterol levels were checked before the operation and at 1 year and 2 years after the surgery. Also, endoscopy was performed to confirm reflux esophagitis. In this study, the data were collected between January 1993 and July 1999 at Chungnam National University Hospital, and the results were compared with those of the Roux-en-Y procedure. RESULTS: The body weights at 1 year and 2 years after the surgery had returned to 86.0% and 87.6% of the recent original body weight in the jejunal interposition (JI) group and to 90.8%, 87.0%, respectively in the Roux-en-Y (RY) group. The levels of hemoglobin (g/dl) were 13.3, 12.5, and 11.9 in the JI group, and 13.8, 12.6, and 12.1 in the RY group at the time of the operation and at 1 year, and 2 years after the surgery, respectively. The total serum protein (g/dl) levels were 7.1, 7.2, and 7.5 in the JI group and 7.1, 7.0, and 7.2 in the RY gropu at the time of the operation and at 1 year and 2 years after the surgery, respectively. The serum albumin (g/dl) levels were 4.2, 4.1, and 4.2 in the JI group and 4.2, 4.2, and 4.2 in the RY group at the time of the operation and at 1 year, and 2 years after the surgery, respectively. The total serum cholesterol (mg/dl) levels were 186.5, 174, and 164 in the JI group and 213.7, 171.1, and 141.0 in the RY group at the time of the operation and at 1 year and 2 years after the surgery, respectively. The endoscopic finding showed that reflux esophagitis occurred in 7.1% of the patients in the JI group and in 3.5% in the RY group. CONCLUSION: We think that from the view point of quality of life, a jejunal interposition, as well as a Roux-en-Y procedure, is a useful reconstruction methods for a total gastrectomy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Endoscopy ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastric Bypass ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Serum Albumin

BACKGROUND: Milrinone increases intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate concentration and enhances vascular relaxation. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) plays a key role in inflammatory responses during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to investigate the effect of milrinone on the inflammatory responses and NF-kB activation in renal I/R injury in mice. METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6 mice were allocated into 3 groups. In group S (n = 10), only right nephrectomy was done. In group C (n = 10), the left kidney was subjected to 30 min of ischemia after right nephrectomy. In group M (n = 10), milrinone (5 microg/kg) was administered before ischemia. After 24 hours of reperfusion, the serum creatinine was measured, kidney samples were obtained for histology, and expressions of NF-kB and proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed. RESULTS: In group C, the serum creatinine concentration was markedly elevated, compared with group S. Creatinine concentration in group M was also elevated, but it was significantly lower than that in group C. Histologic evidence of renal damage was severe in group C, but it was improved in group M. In groups C and M, expression of NF-kB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) mRNA increased significantly compared with group S (P < 0.05). But group M showed a lower expression of NF-kB, TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and MIP-2 mRNA than group C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Milrinone treatment attenuates the renal inflammatory response and activation of NF-kB, resulting in improvement of renal function and tissue injury.
Adenosine ; Animals ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Creatinine ; Cytokines ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Ischemia ; Kidney ; Macrophages ; Mice* ; Milrinone* ; Nephrectomy ; NF-kappa B* ; Relaxation ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury* ; RNA, Messenger ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study examined the correlation between pneumothorax detected by immediate post-transthoracic needle aspiration-biopsy (TTNB) chest computed tomography (CT) and overt pneumothorax detected by chest PA, and investigated factors that might influence the correlation. METHODS: Adult patients who had undergone CT-guided TTNB for lung lesions from May 2003 to June 2007 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were included. Immediate post-TTNB CT and chest PA follow-up at 4 and 16 hours after CT-guided TTNB were performed in 934 patients. RESULTS: Pneumothorax detected by immediate chest CT (CT-pneumothorax) was found in 237 (25%) and overt pneumothorax was detected by chest PA follow-up in 92 (38.8%) of the 237 patients. However, overt pneumothorax was found in 18 (2.6%) of the 697 patients without CT-pneumothorax. The width and depth of CT-pneumothorax were predictive risk factors for overt pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: CT-pneumothorax is very sensitive for predicting overt pneumothorax, and the width and depth on CT-pneumothorax are reliable risk factors for predicting overt pneumothorax.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Needle/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumothorax/epidemiology/*radiography ; Radiography, Thoracic/*methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax/*pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods

PURPOSE: Exemestane has shown good efficacy and tolerability in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. However, clinical outcomes in Korean patients have not yet been reported. METHODS: Data on 112 postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer were obtained retrospectively. Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment history were extracted from medical records. All patients received 25 mg exemestane daily until objective disease progression. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint, and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and clinical benefit rate (CBR=complete response+partial response+stable disease for 6 months). RESULTS: The median age of the subjects was 55 years (range, 28-76 years). Exemestane treatment resulted in a median PFS of 5.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4-7.0 months) and median OS of 21.9 months (95% CI, 13.6-30.3 months). ORR was 6.4% and CBR was 46.4% for the 110 patients with evaluable lesions. Symptomatic visceral disease was independently associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio, 3.611; 95% CI, 1.904-6.848; p<0.001), compared with bone-dominant disease in a multivariate analysis of PFS after adjusting for age, hormone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, Ki-67 status, dominant metastasis site, and sensitivity to nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment. Sensitivity to previous nonsteroidal AI treatment was not associated with PFS, suggesting no cross-resistance between exemestane and nonsteroidal AIs. CONCLUSION: Exemestane was effective in postmenopausal Korean women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer who failed previous nonsteroidal AI treatment.
Androstadienes ; Aromatase ; Aromatase Inhibitors ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Disease Progression ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptor, erbB-2 ; Retrospective Studies