No abstract available.

In vivo 31P NMR spectroscopic study of forearm wrist flexor muscles was performed in two groups of volunteers composed respectively of 6 sedentaries and 6 canoe athletes. A continuous isometric contraction of endurance exercises was adopted in oder to assess the endurance capacity and recovery potential of skeletal muscles. Differences in high energy phosphorus metabolism between the sedentaries and athletes were evaluated with and emphasis on the intracellular pH and Pi/PCr ratio as indicators of high energy phosphorus metabolism. There were no differences of baseline pH and Pi/PCr ratio between the two groups. The athletes sustained the exercise at more acidic intracellular pH and at a higher Pi/PCr ratio of intracellular conditions for an all-out than did the sedentaries. The recovery rate of pH showed no difference between the two groups. There was a tendency of faster recovery of Pi/PCr in athletes showing half recovery time(T1/2) of 39.0±3.0 seconds as compared to that of sedentaries (55.7±7.5 seconds). The recovery rate of Pi/PCr as a function of Pi/PCr ratio at a given period of time was significantly faster in athletes than in sedentaries (P<0.001). The correlation coefficient of the recovery rate of Pi/PCr against the Pi/PCr ratio was 0.985 and 0.914 respectively for the athletes and sedentaries. The pH and the Pi/PCR ratio at an all-out state can be used as indicators of endurance capacity and the recovery rate of Pi/PCr, as a reovery potential of skeletal muscles.
Athletes* ; Exercise ; Forearm ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Isometric Contraction ; Metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Muscles ; Phosphorus ; Volunteers ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Athletes* ; Forearm* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy* ; Metabolism* ; Phosphorus*

BACKGROUND: Since the herniorrhaphy was performed by Bassini, that method has been the standard for herniorrhaphy for over a hundred year, although it has been modified by other surgeons. During recent decades, biomaterials were introduced to the medical field, and polypropylene mesh was applied to reconstruct the defective abdominal wall of an inguinal hernia in an adult. The Lichtenstein Hernia Institute is regarded as the leading group for the tension-free herniorrhaphy using Marlex mesh under local anesthesia. METHODS: We designed this study prospectively to investigate the characteristics of groin hernias and the results, including complications and recurrence after surgery. The primary method of surgery was a Lichtenstein's tension-free herniorrhaphy using Prolene mesh. We performed 196 hernioplasties in 180 patients having a groin hernia, which included 16 bilateral hernias. RESULTS: 139 indirect hernias, 51 direct hernias, and 3 femoral hernias were included; there were 15 recurrent hernias. A Lichtenstein's tension-free herniorrhaphy was performed in 84.2% of the cases, a preperitoneal mesh graft in 10.2%, and a Bassini's method in 4.6%. There were four recurrences; three were through the femoral canal after the repair of a direct hernia in a female, and one was a recurrent direct hernia in a male patient. CONCLUSIONS: With the use of a mesh prosthesis, a tension-free herniorrhaphy is possible with neither distortion of the normal anatomy nor suture-line tension. However, it should be carefully applied to a direct hernia only after thorough exploration of the groin through the retroinguinal space of Bogros to rule out coexisting intraparietal or femoral hernias. It is necessary to provide enough laxity for the mesh because prolene mesh can shrink up to 20%, and recurrence might be caused by the tension in the applied mesh.
Abdominal Wall ; Adult* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Biocompatible Materials ; Female ; Groin ; Hernia ; Hernia, Femoral ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Herniorrhaphy* ; Humans ; Male ; Polypropylenes ; Prospective Studies ; Prostheses and Implants ; Recurrence ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Arteries*

No abstract available.
Age Factors* ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic*

PURPOSE: To investigate the localization and functional lateralization of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in motor activation tests in comparison to that of the primary motor area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven healthy volunteers obtained echoplanar imaging blood oxygen level dependent technique. This study was carried on 1.5T Siemens Magneton Vision system with the standard head coil. Parameters of EPI were followed as ; TR/TE; 1.0/66.0 msec. flip angle : 90degree, field of view : 22cmx22cm, matrix : 128x128, slice number/slice thickness/gap : 10/4mm/0.8mm with fat suppression technique. Motor task as finger opposition in each hand consisted of 3 sets of alternative rest and activation periods. Postprocessing were done on Stimulate 5.0 by using cross-correlation statistics. To compare the functional lateralization of the SMA in the right and left hand tests, each examination was evaluation for the percent change of signal intensity and the number of activated voxels both in the SMA and in the primary motor area. Hemispheric asymmetry was defined as difference of summation of the activated yokels between each hemisphere. RESULTS: Percent change of signal intensity in the SMA (2.49-3.06%) is lower than that of primary motor area(4.4-7.23%). Percent change of signal intensity including activated voxels were observed almost equally in the right and left SMA. As for summation of activated voxels primary motor area had significant difference between each hemisphere but not did the SMA. CONCLUSION: Preferred contralateral dominant hemisphere and hemispheric asymmetry were detected in the primary motor area but not in the SMA.
Echo-Planar Imaging ; Fingers ; Hand* ; Head ; Healthy Volunteers ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Oxygen

During the second half of the 19th century many operations were developed after anesthesia was introduced but advances were limited for many years because of the high rate of infection and the high mortality rate that followed infections. After the introduction of the principle of antisepsis, postoperative infectious morbidity decreased substantially. With the introduction of antibiotic therapy in the middle of the 20th century, a new adjunctive method to treat and prevent surgical infections was discovered. However, not only have postoperative wound and hospital required infections continued, but widespread antibiotic therapy has often made prevention and control of surgical infections more difficult. Based on National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) system reports, SSIs (Surgical Site Infections) are the third most common nosocomial infection, accounting for 14% to 16% of all nosocomial infections among hospitalized patients. It is also a significant source of postoperative morbidity, resulting in increased hospital length of stay and increased cost. Determination of risk factors for the development of SSI has been a major focus of surgical research. To reduce the rate of SSIs we have to eliminate risk factors of SSIs and keep a continuous surveillance with feedback of information to surgeons and other relevant staff. A successful SSI surveillance program includes standardized definition of infection, effective surveillance method, and stratification of the SSIs rates according to risk factors. Because SSIs may be the most preventable of nosocomial infections, health care facilities should make special efforts to reduce the risk of development of these surgical complications. The evaluation of infection control programs and the development of more effective infection control strategies should be established and surgeons should be more concern about SSI control.
Anesthesia ; Antisepsis ; Cross Infection ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Risk Factors ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: The red cell distribution width(RDW) has been reported to be of value in discriminating iron deficiency anemia(IDA) from the anemia of the other causes(non-IDA). The combination of a low MCV and a high RDW may indicate iron deficiency anemia. The purpose of this study was to discriminate IDA from anemia, using automated blood cell count alone. METHODS: We collected 139 cases of anemia in outpatients, with 80 cases of IDA and 59 cases of anemia due to other causes, from July 1995 to September 1996 in department of family medicine, Pusan Paik hospital. RESULTS: The sex distribution was 39(28.1%) in male, 100(71.9%) in female. The age distribution was 15 to 79 year. The hemoglobin level and MCV in IDA(9.5+/-1.6g/dl, 77.5+/-8.9fl) was significantly lower than those in non-IDA(10.1+/-1.5g/dl, 87.6+/-10.5fl)(P=0.042, P<0.001, respectively). And mean RDW in IDA(16.9+/-3.3%) was significantly higher than that in non-IDA(15.1+/-3.2%)(P<0.001). In discriminating IDA from anemia, we drew receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) with each value of MCV and RDW. The cut-off value of MCV was 83fl, and in that value, the sensitivity and specificity were 75.9% and 72.9%, respectively. The cut-off value of RDW was 14.3%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 78.2% and 57.6 %, respectively. We combined each value of MCV with RDW, the cut off value were 83fl of MCV and 14.3% of RDW, and the sensitivity and specificity were 76.3% and 71.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity and specificity of MCV, RDW and combination of MCV and RDW were not so high in discriminating IDA from the anemia of the other causes in ambulatory patients.
Age Distribution ; Anemia* ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Blood Cell Count ; Busan ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Outpatients ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sex Distribution

This study was carried out to find out changes in regional cerebral blood flow(r-CBF) in relation to(i) clinical status of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms ; (ii) the degree of subarachnoid hemorrhage as indicated by brain CT scanning ; (iii) the severity of angiographic vasospasm, and (iv) other neuropathological condition. Measurement of r-CBF were performed, using 133Xe inhalation method, on 50 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Some of the major findings were as follows : 1) The degree of abnormalities of blood flow correlated well with the clinical severity of neurological deficits. 2) A marked reduction in r-CBF was found in patients with intracerebral hematoma, ischemic lesion and hydrocephalus. 3) In angiospasm area, r-CBF was found in patients with intracerebral hematoma, ischemic lesion and hydrocephalus. 3) In angiospasm area, r-CBF decreases below 30ml/100gm/min in almost all of the patients, and severity of vasospasm correlated with the decrease of CBF. 4) The measurement of CBF on patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage was thought to the useful for foreseeing the clinical outcome of the patients.
Brain ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Inhalation ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed