No Abstract Available.
Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: There were many studies on the distributions of the retinal ganglion cells(RGC) in the experimental model of the retinal ischemia. RGC was known to be more sensitive to the ischemic injury than the other types of the retinal cells. So, we would identify the changes of the retinal ganglion cell morphologies and distribution after the iatrogenic retinal ischemia induced by intraocular pressure(IOP) elevation. METHODS: Eight pigmented and six white rabbits were used and retinal ischemia was induced by increasing IOP higher than 120 mmHg for 60 minutes. Electroretinogram were recorded at 6 days or 13 days, and histologic findings were observed at 7 or 14 days. RESULTS: After 7 days, RGC densities decreased, cytoplasmic staining disappeared, and the intranuclear hyperpigmentation was noted. RGC densities decreased significantly at 14 days. In the vertical retinal section, some flattening of retinal ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer was observed. Changes in the cellular morphologies were prominent. CONCLUSIONS: It may be more appropriate to examine both the retinal whole-mount and the vertical tissue section for the estimatation of the changes of retinal ganglion cell layer in the pressure-induced retinal ischemia.
Cytoplasm ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Hyperpigmentation ; Ischemia ; Models, Theoretical ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: We compared the clinicopathologic effects of TTT between pigmented and albino rabbits. METHODS: TTT was delivered using infrared diode laser at 810 nm(Iris Medical Instrument, Mountain Veiw, CA, USA) and applied with spot size of 3 mm, duration of 60 seconds. At 1 week and 4 weeks after TTT, fundus photographs and simultaneous FAG/ICG angiogram were taken with SLO(Scanning Laser Ophthalmolscopy, Rodenstock, Munish, Germany). Light and electron microscopic examination were performed. RESULTS: In pigmented rabbits, visible funduscopic change was visible even with minimal power setting(100 mW). Obliteration of choroidal vessels was observed on ICG angiogram. In microscopic examination, entire layers of neural retina, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and deep choroid were severely damaged at the center of treated fields. Whereas, in albino rabbits fundus changes were not observed at any power setting. However, focal thrombosis at margin of lesion was identified on ICG angiogram after power of 300 mW. In microscopic examination, tissue damage was developed up to 600 mW and the lesion extended into the superficial choroid posteriorly and outer neural retina anterioly. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of TTT was increased with fundus pigmentation. Clinically we should adjust TTT power setting according to the amount of melanin pigmentation in the fundus.
Choroid ; Epithelial Cells ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Melanins ; Pigmentation ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde ; Thrombosis

We have analyzed 100 urinary calculi by chemical analysis, which obtained from the patients admitted our department during the period from March, 1981 to February, 1983. The following results were obtained: 1. The results of chemical analysis of 100 urinary calculi revealed calcium oxalate phosphate in 43%, calcium oxalate in 19%, calcium phosphate in 15%, ammonium phosphate in 12%, carbonate calcium oxalate phosphate in 7%, uric acid in 2%, acid + calcium phosphate in 2%. 2. 40 of 100 patients with urinary stones showed bacteriuria and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequent organism. 3. The causative diseases of the urinary stones were renal tuberculosis 4 cases, neurogenic bladder in 4 cases, urethral stricture in 3 cases, BPH in 1 case and hyperparathyroidism in 1 case. 4. The incidence of high urinary calcium amount was greater in lithiasis group(43%) than in control group(17%) The incidence of high urinary calcium amount in lithiasis group was as following order: calcium oxalate phosphate in 55.8%, calcium phosphate in 46.7%, calcium in 42.1% and ammonium phosphate in 28%.
Ammonium Compounds ; Bacteriuria ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Carbon ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Incidence ; Lithiasis ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Urethral Stricture ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Calculi*

In the recent 2 years, we performed 116 Foley catheter-tip(48 cases of latex, 35 cases of 100% silicone, 33 cases of Silastic) cultures from the male patients who did not have lower urinary tract infection before catheterization. The following result were obtained: 1. The overall positive culture rate of rather-tip culture was 35.3%, and the positive culture rate of urine aspirated from proximal catheter wall just before removal of catheter was 20.6%. 2. The most common microorganism was E-coli in 29.3% and followed by Proteus spp. in 14.7%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 12.2%, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 9.8%, Staphylococcus aureus in 7.3%, Candida tropical in 7.3% in orders. 3. In comparison with duration of catheterization, the positive culture rates of catheter-tip of 3 different materials removed within one day were similarly low from 0 th 12%. However, the positive culture rate was much increased in latex-tip (70%) than silicone-tip (23%) and Silastic-tip (14.3%) which were removed between 2 to 4 days. More than 5 days of indwelling catheterization, the positive culture rates were latex-tip in 100%, silicone-tip in 47% and Silastic-tip in 57.1%.
Candida ; Catheterization ; Catheters* ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Latex ; Male ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Silicones ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Urinary Tract Infections

Cimetidine, an H-histamine receptor antagonist, has been advocated to have enhancing effect on delayed type hypersensitivity. However, some recent reports have caused controversial opinion regarding the effect of cimetidine on delayed type hypersensitivity assessed in vivo. In this study the effect of cimetidine at the various periods of contact sersitivity reaction (CSR) to DNCB was assessed in guinea pigs. Three groups of five guinea pigs were sensitized with DNCB in the nuchal region and challenged with DNCB in the back on 16th day after sensitization, Cimetidine, 300mg/3ml/kg, was injected intraperitoneally once a day for the duration of different periods. For the first group, cimetidine was injected during the first 10 days after sensitization to assess its effect on the preparative and recognition phase of the induction period of CSR, For the second group, cimetidine was injected from the 6th to the 16th day to evaluate the enhancing effect of cimetidine on CSR at the period when suppressor T-cells were considered to be active. For the third group, cimetidine was injected for the last 3 days before elicitation test to assess the effect of short term treatment of cimetidine on the established CSR to DNCB. For the elicitation, two different consentrations of DNCB were applied on the three sites along both sides of the spine in the back. Total means of the degree of CSR elicited by DNCB were significanly ircreased by cimetidine in the second and third groups (p<0.05). These enhancing effects of cimetidine on CSR were more prominent at the uppermost back than other sites, eliclted by 0.05% DNCB rather than 0.01% DNCB.
Animals ; Cimetidine* ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Dinitrochlorobenzene ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Hypersensitivity ; Spine ; T-Lymphocytes

During the period from Jan. 1978 to June 1978, clinical and laboratory observations were done on the 46 cases of gonorrhea and 40 cases of non-specific urethritis at random selection in the Department of Urology, Korea University Hospital. The following results were obtained: 1. The average age of the gonorrheal patients were 24 years old and 30 years in non-specific urethritis patients. 2. The main clinical symptoms of gonorrheal patients were profuse yellowish urethral discharge found in 91.3 % of cases and painful urination in 37 %. The symptoms of non-specific urethritis patients showed scanty urethral discharge in 525 % of cases and urethral discomfort in 25%. 3. The incubation period of gonorrheal cases was 3 to 7 days while in one-fourth of non-specific urethritis the period was shorter than 10 days. 4. In the past history 43.5 % of gonorrheal patients had V. D. and 62.5 % of non-specific urethritis patients had them. 5. In 20 cases ( 50%) of non-specific urethritis had positive shred culture with no evidence of positive findings in urinalysis or in Gram stain of urine sediment. 6. In 31 cases(77.5%) of positive shred cultures, staphy lococcus albus were grown in 12 cases, diphtheroid in 10 cases, mixed growth of staphylococcus albus and diphtheroid in 5 cases. Antimicrobial sensitivity test with Gram(+) cocci obtained from 19 cases of nonspecific urethritis showed highly sensitive resultes to hentamicin, lincomycin, carbenicillin, novobiocin and highly resistant reactions to oxytetracycline. 7. 82.6% of cases of gonococcal infection were cultured on the Thayer-Martin medium and antimicrobial sensitivity test was done with these colonies by disc diffusion method. Penicillin and its derivatives were highly sensitive, other antibiotics such as erythromycin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and gentamicin were also sensitive.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbenicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Diffusion ; Erythromycin ; Gentamicins ; Gonorrhea* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lincomycin ; Novobiocin ; Oxytetracycline ; Penicillins ; Staphylococcus ; Urethritis* ; Urinalysis ; Urination ; Urology ; Young Adult

Renal tuberculosis is one of the most frequent disease in the urological field of Korea for a long period of time. A clinical observation of renal tuberculosis was made on the 50 cases admitted to the Department of Urology, Korea University Hospital from January 1968 to December 1975. The results summarized as follows: 1. The ratio of number of renal tuberculosis cases admitted against total number of urological inpatients is decreasing significantly every years. 2. 31 cases out of 50, belonged to the age group of 21 to 40. 3. Both kidneys were affected in 13 cases, while 21 cases in right side only and 16 cases in left kidney. 4. The important subjective symptoms were as follows: frequency in 54%, painful urination in 40%, flank pain in 40 %, gross hematuria in 38% and asymptomatic in 1 case. 5. 32% of the cases visited to the hospital within 6 months after onset of the symptoms. 6. 56% of the cases were associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. 7. Tuberculous epididymitis were complicated in 3 cases, bone tuberculosis in 1 case and squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder was found in 1 case. 8. Increased ESR were found in 42 cases and 43 cases were within normal range of BUN. 9. Urinary findings revealed proteinuria in 94%, hematuria in 74% and pyuria in 76%. Urine AFB was found in 26 cases (52%). 10. 18 cases of AFB culture was done with drug sensitivity test, which showed that INH was the most sensitive drug, but PAS and streptomycine were sensitive in high concentration of the drugs only. 11. On the urogram, non-visualization of the kidney was found in 20 cases and delayed visualization in 15 cases while abnormal ureteral findings noted in 18 cases. 12. Nephrectomy was performed in 23 cases out of 31 operated cases and nephrostomy was done in 7 cases. 13. Histopathological findings of 23 nephrectomized kidneys disclosed parenchymal tuberculous nodules in all cases and severely atrophic changes in 3 cases.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Epididymitis ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Kidney ; Korea ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Proteinuria ; Pyuria ; Reference Values ; Streptomycin ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urination ; Urology

Extravasation of toxic chemotherapeutic 'agents cause severe skin ulceration and necrosis which often need secondary surgical intervention. Still, there were not established antidote agent in case of extravasation with mitomycin-c. Dimethyl sulfoxide is known as an effective chemical scavenger of toxic hydroxyl free radical and sodium thiosulfate also was demonstrated significant protector from mitomycin-c induced ulceration by a few experimental studies. Author investigated necrotic area of mitomycin-c injected site and compare to the effectiveness of topical treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide and intradermal injection of sodium thiosulfate according to starting times, forty five mice were divided into 3 groups. Control group(n=5) had no treatment after subcutaneous injection of mitomycin-c. Experimental group I and 11 were 20 mice treated dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium.
Animals ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mice ; Mitomycin* ; Necrosis* ; Skin Ulcer ; Sodium* ; Ulcer

This study was performed to investigate the clinical efficacy of intralesional recombinant interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the treatments of warts, using a placebo comparison. Warts of each groups were injected with INF-γ containing 5×10⁶ IU/ml (high dose), 1×10⁶ IU/ml (low dose), or distilled water for injection as placebo, respectively, twice weekly for three weeks. The final therapeutic efficacy was determined on the fourth week after the beginning of therapy. Among the 74 patients with periungual warts, plantar warts, or warts of other sites, complete clearing of the treated warts at week four occurred in 56% of the 36 patients receiving the high dose IFN-γ compared to 30% of the 53 receiving the low dose IFN-γ and 17% of the 36 receiving the placebo. Marked improvement showing 75% or greater regression of wart lesions was noted as 89% of patients receiving the high dose INE compared with 55% receiving the low dose IFN and 50% receiving the placebo. The group of patients with warts of other sites showed the best response. The group receiving the high dose IFN experienced some adverse effects more frequently or more severely than the group receiving low dose IFN. However, the effects were relatively tolerable to the patients. Therefore, intralesional injection of the high dose IFN-γ may be more useful in treating warts than a low dose IFN-γ.
Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Interferon-gamma* ; Treatment Outcome ; Warts* ; Water