No abstract available.
Rectal Fistula*

As an attempt to evaluate any possible effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the phenomena of membrane transport, effects on the short-circuit current (SCC) and potential difference (PD) across the isolated frog skin were studied under the conditions of various bathing medium, Changes of SCC and PD were measured by the method described by Ussing and Zerahn. Addition of DMSO to the inside bathing medium resulted in an initial increase in SCC followed by a secondary decline to pre-DMSO level, while DMSO at outside medium was without effect. Dose-responses(SCC) relationship revealed a linear one from 30 to 60 mM. Substitution of chloride by sulfate ion from bathing medium caused no alteration in the basic pattern and magnitude of response, thus indicating the specificity of DMSO action on the Na transport. Hypertonic solutions of DMSO added to either outer or inner bathing medium evoked a prompt fall in SCC and PD consistently. By isotopic measurement of sodium fluxes with Na24, it was evident that increased sodium influx was entirely responsible for the initial increase in SCC induced by DMSO. Of various parameters concerned with transepithelial Na transport, outer membrane permeability to Na (PoNa) was shown to be the onIy parameter which was significantly elevated by DMSO administration. From these findings, it was postulated that DMSO-induced increment in sodium influx was mediated by its stimulating action on the sodium penctration through the outer permeability barricr after binding to a receptor site different from that for the antidiuretic hormone (ADH.)
Baths ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide* ; Hypertonic Solutions ; Membranes ; Permeability ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin* ; Sodium*

Purpose: The study aimed to identify which digital biomarkers are collected and which specific devices are used according to vulnerable and susceptible individual characteristics in a living-lab setting. Materials and Methods: A literature search, screening, and appraisal process was implemented using the Web of Science, Pubmed, and Embase databases. The search query included a combination of terms related to “digital biomarkers,” “devices that collect digital biomarkers,” and “vulnerable and susceptible groups.” After the screening and appraisal process, a total of 37 relevant articles were obtained. Results: In elderly people, the main digital biomarkers measured were values related to physical activity. Most of the studies used sensors. The articles targeting children aimed to predict diseases, and most of them used devices that are simple and can induce some interest, such as wearable device-based smart toys. In those who were disabled, digital biomarkers that measured location-based movement for the purpose of diagnosing disabilities were widely used, and most were measured by easy-to-use devices that did not require detailed explanations. In the disadvantaged, digital biomarkers related to health promotion were measured, and various wearable devices, such as smart bands and headbands were used depending on the purpose and target. Conclusion As the digital biomarkers and devices that collect them vary depending on the characteristics of study subjects, researchers should pay attention not only to the purpose of the study but also the characteristics of study subjects when collecting and analyzing digital biomarkers from living labs.

No abstract available.
Dermoscopy ; Hemangioma* ; Lasers, Dye

No abstract available.
Teratoma*

No abstract available.
Tracheal Stenosis*

OBJECTIVE: Vasospasm of cerebral vessels remains a major source of morbidity and mortality after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transluminal balloon angioplasty (TBA) for SAH-induced vasospasm. METHODS: Eleven patients with an angiographically confirmed significant vasospasm (>50% vessel narrowing and clinical deterioration) were studied. A total of 54 vessel segments with significant vasospasm were treated by TBA. Digital subtraction angiography was used to confirm the presence of vasospasm, and TBA was performed to dilate vasospastic arteries. Medical and angiographic reports were reviewed to determine technical efficacy and for procedural complications. RESULTS: TBA using Hyper-Glide or Hyper-Form balloons (MicroTherapeutics, Irvine, CA) was successfully accomplished in 88.9% vasospastic segments (48 of 54), namely, in the distal internal carotid artery (100%, n=7), the middle cerebral artery (100%), including the M1 (n=10), M2 (n=10), and M3 segments (n=4), in the vertebral artery (100%, n=2), basilar artery (100%, n=1), and in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), including the A1 (66%), A2 (66%), and A3 segments (100%). Vessel diameters significantly increased after TBA. There were no cases of vessel rupture or thromboembolic complications. GCS at one day after TBA showed an improvement in all patients except one. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that TBA using Hyper-Glide or Hyper-Form balloons is a safe and effective treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm.
Aneurysm ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Arteries ; Basilar Artery ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Endovascular Procedures ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Vasospasm, Intracranial ; Vertebral Artery

We previously demonstrated that Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica antigen (Ag) showed high immunostimulatory effects on mouse bone marrow cells (BMs) while Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae Ag showed low effects. The focus of this study was to determine if B. bronchiseptica Ag can enhance the M. hyopneumoniae Ag-specific immune response and whether the host's immune system can recognize both Ags. MTT assay results revealed that each or both Ags did not significantly change BM metabolic activity. Flow cytometry analysis using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester showed that B. bronchiseptica Ag can promote the division of BMs. In cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) assays, B. bronchiseptica Ag boosted production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in M. hyopneumoniae Ag-treated BMs, and combined treatment with both Ags elevated the level of NO in BMs compared to that from treatment of M. hyopneumoniae Ag alone. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the sera of Ag-injected mice clearly indicated that B. bronchiseptica Ag can increase the production of M. hyopneumoniae Ag-specific IgG. This study provided information valuable in the development of M. hyopneumoniae vaccines and showed that B. bronchiseptica Ag can be used both as a vaccine adjuvant and as a vaccine Ag.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bordetella bronchiseptica* ; Bordetella* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Immune System ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Mice* ; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Nitric Oxide ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Vaccines

A 78-year-old Jehovah’s Witnesses women with hepatitis B viral liver cirrhosis scored as Child-Pugh A was scheduled for debulking operation of peritoneal carcinomatosis due to right ovarian cancer. Despite the need for preoperative strategies for correction of anemia and coagulopathy due to the risk of significant intraoperative hemorrhage, preoperative management was missing. In addition, she exhibited preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit levels, and platelet count of 10.5 g/dL, 33.6%, and 85,000/μL, respectively. To minimize intraoperative blood loss, we used the combination of tranexamic acid and hemocoagulase, intraoperative blood loss counted about 700 mL, and the immediate postoperative hemoglobin was 9.0 g/dL. She recovered well without any anemic complications or thromboembolic events.

Purpose: Despite advances in diagnostic and imaging technologies, the diagnosis of traumatic hollow viscus injury (HVI) remains a great challenge in clinical practice. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of HVI in emergent blunt trauma patients. Methods: The study was conducted on patients with abdominal trauma who were admitted to our center, regional emergency center, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, between January 2008 and December 2018. The clinical data of patients with abdominal trauma who underwent CT and abdominal surgery within 24 hours of hospitalization were analyzed to determine the diagnostic capacity of CT. Results: In total, 156 patients were included in the study. There were 88 cases of blunt trauma. Among these patients, 27 were diagnosed with HVI using CT, and 38 patients were diagnosed with HVI in the operating room. The median injury severity score for these patients was 10.0, the revised trauma score was 7.841, and the trauma injury severity score was 0.96. The sensitivity and specificity of CT in predicting HVI in these patients were 65.8%, and 96.0%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 92.6%, and 78.7%, respectively. Conclusion In urgent situations, CT findings alone are insufficient for diagnosing HVI. Further research on the HVI diagnostic capacity of CT is required.