Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a spherical plant virus that has a single 6.3 kb positive strand RNA as a genome. Previously, we have made the recombinant TYMV construct containing a 0.7 kb eGFP gene or a 1.8 kb GUS gene. The genomic RNAs from these constructs were efficiently encapsidated. To examine in more detail whether size constraint exists for replication and packaging of TYMV, we have inserted into the TY-GUS an extra sequence derived from either eGFP or GUS. We also made a recombinant containing RNA1 sequence of Flock house virus. These TYMV recombinants were introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration. Northern blot analysis of the viral RNAs in the agroinfiltrated leaves showed that the genomic RNA band from the recombinant TYMV became weaker as longer sequence was inserted. The result also showed that the efficiency of genomic RNA encapsidation decreased sharply when an extra sequence of 2.2 kb or more was inserted. In contrast, the recombinant subgenomic RNA containing an extra sequence of up to 3.2 kb was efficiently encapsidated. Overall, these results show that size constraint exists for replication and encapsidation of TYMV RNA.
Blotting, Northern ; Genome ; Genome Size* ; Plant Viruses ; Product Packaging* ; RNA ; RNA, Viral ; Tobacco ; Tymovirus*

PURPOSE: To report the first case of lattice corneal dystrophy, gelsolin type in Korea. CASE SUMMARY: A 61-year-old man visited our clinic with severe dry eye symptom in both eyes. Clinical examination revealed in both eyes a visual acuity of 0.7 without correction and intraocular pressure of 18 mm Hg. On slit-lamp examination, both corneas had scattered lattice lines at various depths within the stroma with punctate epithelial erosions. The patient had characteristic features of Meretoja syndrome, including cranial neuropathy characterized by dermatochalasis and facial weakness, and was positive for the gelsolin mutation according to DNA analysis. This is the first description of a patient with lattice corneal dystrophy, gelsolin type in Korea. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description of a patient with lattice corneal dystrophy, gelsolin type in Korea and demonstrates the importance of recognizing the systemic and ophthalmic features for appropriate management of the condition.
Amyloidosis ; Cornea ; Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; DNA ; Eye ; Gelsolin ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Korea ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The successful wound healing implies the scarless wound with adequate strength. It has been shown in vivo and in vitro that steroid retards the collagen synthesis. We studied the effect of steroid on the wound breaking strength in rats. METHODS: 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were evenly divided into two groups. One group was served as control, the other group was experimental. We made dorsal midline incision and closed the wound. In the experimental group, we medicated methylprednisolone(0.15mg/g/day) for 1 week. Then, we compared the differences of the breaking strength and microscopic histology between control and experimental group in 2, 4, 6 and 8 week. RESULTS: Up to 4th week, the breaking strength of the experimental group markedly decreased than that of control group, while in 6th week the strength of experimental group attained to that of control group nearly. In histologic findings, control group demonstrated dense organization of collagen to experimental group in 4th week. CONCLUSION: In this experiment, steroid significantly inhibited the strength gain in wound at early period of the wound healing process. When using steroid after the surgery or the wound formation, it is desirable to administrate carefully and need thorough wound management to prevent delayed wound healing.
Animals ; Collagen ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Steroids ; Tensile Strength ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: Photogrammetry has been introduced as an alternative to direct measurement to obtain facial distances for a variety of anthropometric applications. The aim of this study is to establish morphological and functional value of an eye in Korean youths using specially designed computer software with digital photographic images. METHODS: Authors measured anthropometry of an eye in Korean youths 1,449 individuals(622 males, 827 females) and analyzed stastically them. RESULTS: The mean measurements are as follows. The diameter of cornea was 11.6+/-0.9mm in males and 11.3+/-0.9mm in females. The vertical dimension of palpebral fissure was 7.4+/-1.7mm in males and 8.2+/-1.6mm in females. The intercanthal width was 35.8+/-3.2mm in males and 34.4+/-2.9mm in females. The biocular width was 90.4+/-5.7mm in males and 87.4+/-5.3mm in females. The endocantion-superior margin of palpebral fissure distance was 12.7+/-1.4mm in males and 11.6+/-1.4mm in females. The horizontal dimension of palpebral fissure was 28.5+/-2.2mm in males and 27.4+/-1.9mm in females. The slant of palpebral fissure was 10.7+/-2.6degrees in males and 11.3+/-3.0degrees in females. The height of upper eyelid was 10.6+/-2.3mm in males and 10.7+/-2.3mm in females. The width of double fold was 2.0+/-0.7mm in males and 1.9+/-0.6 mm in females. A double fold was seen in 21.9% of males and 44.9% of females. The most frequent shape of the double fold was type IV. The most common type of epicanthal fold was type III in both males and females. CONCLUSION: Photogrammetic measurement of large population using specially designed software could offer reliable data and these data could be useful reference for preoperative consultation, surgical planning and anthropometic study of eye.
Adolescent* ; Anthropometry ; Cornea ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Photogrammetry ; Vertical Dimension

PURPOSE: Photogrammetry has been introduced as an alternative to direct measurement to obtain facial distances for a variety of anthropometric applications. The aim of this study is to establish morphological and functional value of an eye in Korean youths using specially designed computer software with digital photographic images. METHODS: Authors measured anthropometry of an eye in Korean youths 1,449 individuals(622 males, 827 females) and analyzed stastically them. RESULTS: The mean measurements are as follows. The diameter of cornea was 11.6+/-0.9mm in males and 11.3+/-0.9mm in females. The vertical dimension of palpebral fissure was 7.4+/-1.7mm in males and 8.2+/-1.6mm in females. The intercanthal width was 35.8+/-3.2mm in males and 34.4+/-2.9mm in females. The biocular width was 90.4+/-5.7mm in males and 87.4+/-5.3mm in females. The endocantion-superior margin of palpebral fissure distance was 12.7+/-1.4mm in males and 11.6+/-1.4mm in females. The horizontal dimension of palpebral fissure was 28.5+/-2.2mm in males and 27.4+/-1.9mm in females. The slant of palpebral fissure was 10.7+/-2.6degrees in males and 11.3+/-3.0degrees in females. The height of upper eyelid was 10.6+/-2.3mm in males and 10.7+/-2.3mm in females. The width of double fold was 2.0+/-0.7mm in males and 1.9+/-0.6 mm in females. A double fold was seen in 21.9% of males and 44.9% of females. The most frequent shape of the double fold was type IV. The most common type of epicanthal fold was type III in both males and females. CONCLUSION: Photogrammetic measurement of large population using specially designed software could offer reliable data and these data could be useful reference for preoperative consultation, surgical planning and anthropometic study of eye.
Adolescent* ; Anthropometry ; Cornea ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Photogrammetry ; Vertical Dimension

PURPOSE: Excessive scarring in the forms of keloid and hypertrophic scar could be a consequence of the accumulation of granulation tissue cells due to aberrant control of apoptosis. Verapamil retard extracelluar matrix production and inhibits VEGF production in primary cultured keloid fibroblast. The object of this study is to identify the effects of verapamil on VEGF expression and apoptosis in early wound scarring of the rabbit ear. METHODS: Full thickness wounds were created on the ventral side of 6 New Zealand rabbits's ear. 16 days after initial wounding verapamil and saline were injected on each scars, and the scars were harvested for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. The wounds were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, TUNEL stain, immunohistochemical stain for VEGF and calculated scar elevation index. RESULTS: Histologic analysis demonstrated significant reduction in inflammation, vascularity and improvement in dermal collagen organization in experimental group. In TUNEL staining apoptosis positive cells were increased and immunohistochemial staining of VEGF demonstrated significant reduction of VEGF expression in experimental group. No significant difference was noted in scar elevation index between two groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that intralesional injection of verapamil on early wound scarring of the rabbit ear decreased VEGF production and increased apoptosis and have a benefit on the pathophysiology of scar formation.
Apoptosis ; Cicatrix ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Collagen ; Ear ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Fibroblasts ; Granulation Tissue ; Hematoxylin ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Inflammation ; Injections, Intralesional ; Keloid ; New Zealand ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Verapamil

PURPOSE: Authors present the case of 2 patients who underwent extended Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap to reconstruct postburn breast deformity. METHODS: A 39-year-old woman and 18-year-old woman with postburn breast deformity visited for reconstruction. The nipples were preserved but normal breast development did not occur due to scar contracture. Burn scar contracture was released by excision of the restricting burn scar and breast mound was reconstructed with extended Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. Additional contracture release with multiple z-plasty was performed at the axillae and medial portion of breast. RESULTS: Postburn breast reconstruction using Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap showed natural shaped breast mound and inframammary fold. There was no significant complication in both cases. CONCLUSION: Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap provide sufficient skin and soft tissue and it could be an effective method for reconstruction of postburn breast deformity.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Axilla ; Breast ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Nipples ; Skin

No abstract available.