Meningoencephalocele in the anterior part of the cranium is a rare congenital anomaly and has been sparsely reported in the neurologic literature. Recently we encountered a case of bilateral frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele in a 3-year-old otherwise healthy boy. The cranial ends of the tumors were amputated by bifrontal craniotomy and dural defect was tightly repaired with Neodura. The external portions of the tumors were excised at the second stage and double-limbed YV shaped canthoplasty was performed. Postoperatively, the patient recovered uneventfully without any complication.
Child, Preschool ; Craniotomy ; Humans ; Male ; Skull

No abstract available.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

The management of the femoral neck fractures remains a major challenge to the orthopaedic surgeons because there are many critical complications such as non-union and avasular necrosis in spite of the advanced technics of treatment. The posterior comminution of this fracture is known to be an important comtributing factor of these complications as the most important cause of the instalility of reduction after internal fixation as well as difficulty of stable reduction, Authors reviewed 61 cases of the femoral neck fractures which were able to identify the presence or absence of posterior comminution on x-ray or operative findings and were managed at Daegu Fatima Hospital during the 10 years from 1975 to 1984 and the following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of posterior comminution in 61 femoral neck fractures was 56% in x-rays of lateral view and operative findings. 2. Open reductions were performed in 31% of 39 cases in which reductions were necessary for internal fixation and 43% of the fractures with posterior comminution were unstable to reduce by closed method while 88% of the fractures without postrior comminution were reduced by closed method. 3. The positions of reductio were in valgus in 46% and anatomic in the rest of cases and valgus reductions were more common in the cases of posterior comminution. 4. Loss of the reduction after internal fixation noted in 48% of the fractures with posterior comminution and 9% without posterior comminution. 5. 77% of the fractures united including 14% of mal-union and the late complication of non-union noted in 14% and avascular necroris in 9% in 35 cases which were followed for over 1 year. 6. The normal unions were more common in the fractures without posterior comminution, the cases of open reduction and the reduction in valgus position. 7. Most of the mal-unions and non-unions noted in the fractures with posterior comminution, the cases of closed reduction and the reduction in anatomic position. 8. These results suggest that the posterior comminution of the femoral neck fracture causes considerable instability and the better results could be expected in the femoral neck fractures with posterior comminution by the reduction in valgus and by the open reduction if necessary.
Clinical Study ; Daegu ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Incidence ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Surgeons

No abstract available.
Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female

Intracranial lipomas are rare tumor which are usually found at or near the mid saggital plane, especially in the corpus callosum. 3 cases of intracranial lipomas, diagnosed by CT scanning, are presented. The first case was a lipoma involving the midline of occiput to the bilateral occipital lobes through the skull defect. There was a calcified area in this tumor. The second case presented a generalized convulsive seizure as clinical manifestation, and the lipoma was found to be located in the corpus callosum. In the third case, the lipoma was located near the third ventricle and the tumor was found incidentally after head trauma. The first case was operated and the tumor was completely removed, the others were managed with symptomatic treatment. The literature on this rare tumor is reviewed and discussed.
Corpus Callosum ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Lipoma* ; Occipital Lobe ; Seizures ; Skull ; Third Ventricle ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Background & Objective: Although the clinical manifestations and outcomes of neuralgic amyotrophy have been previously described, some controversies remain. Thus, we evaluated clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with neuralgic amyotrophy. Methods: We evaluated the clinical and electrodiagnostic data, and the outcomes, of 32 patients with neuralgic amyotrophy.Of the 32 patients, 26 were followed-up for one year after onset of the disease.Results:The initial symptoms were pain (50.0%), pain with weakness (21.9%), other sensory symptoms without weakness (6.3%), and painless weakness or atrophy (21.9%). The commonly involved nerves were the median (75.0%), radial (68.8%), suprascapular (50.0%), ulnar (50.0%), axillary (46.9%), and musculocutaneous (40.6%) nerves. The initial symptoms were not associated with nerve involvement. Of all patients, 59% recovered fully, 16% had residual mild weakness without functional disability, and 6% experienced persistent severe weakness and were unable to return to work. Some patients were not evaluated because they were lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Painless weakness as an initial symptom of neuralgic amyotrophy may be more common than previously noted. Of all patients, 75% enjoyed favorable outcomes by one year after disease onset. These results will be useful when planning treatment strategies and will deepen our understanding of prognosis of neuralgic amyotrophy.
Brachial Plexus Neuritis

BACKGROUND: In discography performed during percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) via the posterolateral approach, it is difficult to create a fluoroscopic tunnel view because a long needle is required for discography and the guide-wire used for consecutive PELD interrupts rotation of fluoroscope. A stereotactic system was designed to facilitate the determination of the needle entry point, and the feasibility of this system was evaluated during interventional spine procedures. METHODS: A newly designed stereotactic guidance system underwent a field test application for PELD. Sixty patients who underwent single-level PELD at L4-L5 were randomly divided into conventional or stereotactic groups. PELD was performed via the posterolateral approach using the entry point on the skin determined by premeasured distance from the midline and angles according to preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Needle entry accuracy provided by the two groups was determined by comparing the distance and angle measured by postoperative computed tomography with those measured by preoperative MRI. The duration and radiation exposure for determining the entry point were measured in the groups. RESULTS: The new stereotactic guidance system and the conventional method provided similarly accurate entry points for discography and consecutive PELD. However, the new stereotactic guidance system lowered the duration and radiation exposure for determining the entry point. CONCLUSIONS: The new stereotactic guidance system under fluoroscopy provided a reliable needle entry point for discography and consecutive PELD. Furthermore, it reduced the duration and radiation exposure associated with determining needle entry.
Diskectomy ; Diskectomy, Percutaneous ; Equipment Design ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Needles ; Skin ; Spine ; Stereotaxic Techniques

Methyl bromide is presently used as a fumigant for insects in soil, grains or fruit in storage or transport. It is a neurotoxic agent and has been responsible a number of deaths or acute poisonings among occupationally exposed persons. We report 2 patients, who had worked fumigation warehouse, presented with seizures and altered mental state. The serum concentrations of bromide were elevated 32.9 and 42.5 mg/l, respectively. Brain MRI showed bilateral symmetric high signal intensities in the splenium of corpus callosum, the globus pallidus, the quadrigeminal plate, the periaqueductal gray matter, the red nucleus, the substantia nigra, the medial lemniscus, the pontine tegmentum, the dentate nucleus, and the medulla. There was no brain lesion in the other patient. Appropriate and supervised handling of the chemical and regular education to workers are important to avoid the risk of methyl bromide poisoning.
Brain ; Edible Grain ; Cerebellar Nuclei ; Corpus Callosum ; Education ; Fruit ; Fumigation ; Globus Pallidus ; Humans ; Insects ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Occupations ; Periaqueductal Gray ; Poisoning ; Red Nucleus ; Seizures* ; Soil ; Substantia Nigra ; Tectum Mesencephali

Transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-beta1) is known to be a potent growth inhibitor for many cell types, including most epithelial cells. In skin keratinocytes, TGF-beta1 has been shown to inhibit growth and to rapidly reduce c-myc expression. However, the molecular mechanism of TGF-beta1 action on cell growth of cervical carcinoma has not yet been elucidated. We thus assessed the effect of TGF-beta1 on the growth of cervical carcinoma cell lines. Two cervical squamous carcinoma cell lines were incubated with varying concentration of TGF-beta 1, and growth inhibition was evaluated with tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. After culturing in concentrations of 0.1~10 ng/ml in both cell lines. Northern blot analysis revealed c-myc mRNA expression was suppressed by 10 ng/ml of TGF-beta 1 following 6-hour of treatment in both cell lines. These results suggest that TGF-beta1 inhibits the growth of cervical carcinoma cells by suppressing c-myc oncogene expression.
Blotting, Northern ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line* ; Epithelial Cells ; Genes, myc* ; Keratinocytes ; Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles secreted by almost all cell types, and they mediate various biological processes via cell-to-cell communication. Compared with parental cells for therapeutic purposes, stem cell-derived EVs have several advantages such as reduced risk of rejection, less oncogenic potential, ease of long-term storage, lower chance of thromboembolism, and readiness for immediate use. Recent studies have demonstrated that EVs from stem cells, mostly from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various tissues, have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and proliferative role in injured organs including osteoarthritic lesions. Herein, we provide a review about the up-to-date studies in preclinical application of stem cell-derived EVs in osteoarthritis animal arthritis models.