No abstract available.
Bowen's Disease* ; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell*

Purpose: Eph receptors are differentially expressed in numerous malignant tumors. This study intended to analyze the roles of EphB receptors (EphB2, B3, and B4) in urinary bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the expression patterns of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in 154 bladder cancer specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted examining the extent of stained cells and staining intensity. EphB was considered to be highly expressed when the intensity of staining was more than moderate in >25% of cells in the tissue section. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down EphB expression in bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637) to determine the effects of EphB on tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration. Results: EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) were detected in 40.9% (EphB2, 63/154), 71.4% (EphB3, 110/154), and 53.2% (EphB4, 82/154) of bladder cancer specimens. Low expression of EphB2, B3, and B4 receptors were significantly associated with higher tumor grade (EphB2, p<0.001; EphB3, p=0.032; EphB4, p<0.001) and muscular invasion (EphB2, p=0.002; EphB3, p=0.009; EphB4, p<0.001). No obvious correlation was observed with other clinicopathological variables, such as age, sex, recurrence, lymph node involvement, metastasis, and overall survival. Inactivation of EphB receptors by siRNA transfection increased cell viability, tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration in comparison with untransfected cancer cells. Conclusion Low expression of EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) can be a predictive marker for muscular invasion of bladder cancer.

Purpose: Eph receptors are differentially expressed in numerous malignant tumors. This study intended to analyze the roles of EphB receptors (EphB2, B3, and B4) in urinary bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the expression patterns of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in 154 bladder cancer specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted examining the extent of stained cells and staining intensity. EphB was considered to be highly expressed when the intensity of staining was more than moderate in >25% of cells in the tissue section. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down EphB expression in bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637) to determine the effects of EphB on tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration. Results: EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) were detected in 40.9% (EphB2, 63/154), 71.4% (EphB3, 110/154), and 53.2% (EphB4, 82/154) of bladder cancer specimens. Low expression of EphB2, B3, and B4 receptors were significantly associated with higher tumor grade (EphB2, p<0.001; EphB3, p=0.032; EphB4, p<0.001) and muscular invasion (EphB2, p=0.002; EphB3, p=0.009; EphB4, p<0.001). No obvious correlation was observed with other clinicopathological variables, such as age, sex, recurrence, lymph node involvement, metastasis, and overall survival. Inactivation of EphB receptors by siRNA transfection increased cell viability, tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration in comparison with untransfected cancer cells. Conclusion Low expression of EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) can be a predictive marker for muscular invasion of bladder cancer.

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Surgical Instruments*

Purpose: Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with antitumor activity. NKG2D is the most important activating receptor expressed on the NK cell surface; this receptor binds to the ligands MICA/B and ULBPs to activate NK cells. The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of NKG2D by NK cells, and to the evaluate expression of its ligands in ovarian carcinomas; it also examined the clinical relevance of NK receptor/ligand expression by analyzing the relationship between expression, clinicopathological parameters, and prognosis. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC, n=79) tissue samples were used for tissue microarray analysis. The expressions of NK cell markers (CD56 and NKG2D) and NKG2D ligands (MICA/B, ULBP1, ULBP3, and ULBP2/5/6) in carcinoma tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, and the association between these results and clinical prognostic parameters was analyzed statistically. Results: ULBP1 was highly expressed in 51 cases (64.6%), and ULBP2/5/6 was highly expressed in 56 cases (70.9%) of HGSC. High expression of ULBP1 and ULBP2/5/6 was significantly associated with lower recurrence of HGSC, whereas high expression of ULBP3 was significantly associated with higher recurrence. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high expression of ULBP1 was associated with increased overall survival and a decreased hazard ratio (0.150, p=0.044), suggesting that it is an independent predictor of better survival. Conclusion High expression of ULBP1 predicts a better prognosis for HGSC, suggesting that ULBP1 expression could be a novel prognostic indicator in this subset of carcinomas.

Tsutsugamushi disease is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is characterized by fever, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, and rash. And it can be easily diagnosed by characteristic eschar and serologic testing. Nearly all of the patients with tsutsugamushi disease improve with antibiotics such as doxycycline. However, the fatality rate of untreated cases is seven to ten percent. The well-known causes of mortality are respiratory failure associated with pulmonary edema or adult respiratory distress syndrome. We report a case of tsutsugamushi disease complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, despite of doxycycline treatment. A 78-year old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever. Twelve days before admission she had suffered myalgia and some days later she developed a rash. Despite of management at a local clinic, her condition deteriorated and she was transferred to our hospital. On admission she presented with altered consciousness and two eschars on her right arm and right thigh. Under the initial diagnosis of scrub typhus, doxycycline was administered. Her fever subsided with the initiation of doxycycline. However, her hypoxia worsened progressively and she died on the fifth hospital day.
Adult* ; Aged ; Anoxia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arm ; Consciousness ; Diagnosis ; Doxycycline ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mortality ; Myalgia ; Orientia tsutsugamushi ; Pulmonary Edema ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Scrub Typhus* ; Serologic Tests ; Thigh

We present a case of an endometrial cancer patient with germline mutation in MutS homolog 6 (MSH6), associated with Lynch syndrome. A 60-year-old Korean woman had a personal history of colon cancer 23 years ago. She also had a family history of endometrial cancer and colon cancer of her sisters and brothers. Immunohistochemistry was negative for MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) and positive for MutS homolog 2 (MSH2). Based on these findings, she underwent genetic counseling and testing that revealed a frameshift germline mutation at MSH6 (c. 3261dupC).
Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Genetic Counseling ; Germ-Line Mutation* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Korea* ; Middle Aged ; Siblings

A series of incidence estimation studies of cancers among Koreans through a nationwide survey has been undertaken by authors since 1988. The medical records were studied of inpatients with diagnoses of either ICD-9 151 (malignant neoplasm of the stomach), or 197 (secondary malignant neoplasm of the respiratory and digestive systems), or 211 (benign neoplasm of other parts of the digestive system) in claims sent in by medical care institutions throughout the country to the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) during the period from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1987. These records were abstracted in order to identify and confirm the new cases of stomach cancer among the beneficiaries of the KMIC, which covers about 10% of whole Korean population. Using these data from the KMIC, the incidence patterns of stomach cancer among Koreans were estimated as of July 1, 1986 to June 30, 1987. The crude incidence rates of stomach cancer among Koreans are estimated to be 36.2 (95% tonfidence interval; 35.3-36.9) and 21.0 (95% CI; 20.3-21.6) per 100,000 in males and females, respectively. The cumulative rates for age spans 0-64 and 0-74 are 3.8% and 7.3% in males, respectively. In females they are 1.8% and 3.0%. The adjusted rates for the world population are 57.9 in males and 25.1 in females, which are similar to those of Shanghai, China '78-'82 but lower than those of Osaka, Japan. The truncated rates for ages 35-64 years, however, are 108.3 in males and 49.1 in females, which may be the highest in the world. Among Koreans in Korea, an increased risk of stomach cancer in this age group is the notable finding. Incidence patterns of stomach cancer by age, sex, and area, which are the first report in Korea, are analyzed and presented.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Epidemiologic Factors ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms/*epidemiology