BACKGROUND: Gonorrhea is one of the most common venereal diseases in the world. Antibioticresistance development has been an issue with the penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG) development. It is possible for PPNG to be resistant to other medications. Therefore, it is significant to determine its frequency rate and its disposition. OBJECTIVES: In this surveillance, we examined overall development frequency of PPNG from 1981 ti 1998. Comparing current five years' frequency rate with that of previous five year, we predicted possible development rate and described the procedures the physicians must take into account in gonorrhea treatment. METHODS: We examined the development frequency of PPNG in male patients of the venereal disease clinic of Jung-gu Community Health Center in Seoul from 1981 to 1998. Also, we analyzed the overall tendency with time series analysis using statistics package, SPSS 7.5.Grouping the years in five-year units, development frequency of PPNG of current five years (1994-1998) was compared with that of previous years. RESULTS: For the result of monthly analysis of frequency rate of PPNG development from 1981 to 1998, the rate tendency came out with a sligh rise (slope : 0.15). And for the result of comparison of grouped years, in current five years, its rate was 51.6%, marking a significant decline from that of the previous five years, which was 57.2% (p-value : <0.0001). CONCLUSION: The rate of current five years was reported to have declined from the previous years. However, the rate is still over 50%. Therefore, the government should continue the PPNG surveillance with test of sensitivity of the medications in use. Moreover, to eliminate gonorrhea, the education on high risk groups should continue and physicians should use a dose of adequate antibiotics in treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Community Health Centers* ; Education ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Male ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae* ; Neisseria* ; Seoul* ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Primary carcinoma of the uterine tube is one of the least common gynecologic malignancies with a reported incidence of approximately 0.3%. As a result of it, the experience of any one physian is limited. Almost all cases are adenocarcinoma and the cilinical presentation is generally nonspecific, of which the most common symptom is postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Primary fallopian tube carcinima is infrequently diagnosed before explolatory laparotomy and the majority of patients have extensive disease at diagnosis. We have experienced a case of fallopian tube cancer and report with brief review of literature
Adenocarcinoma ; Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparotomy ; Uterine Hemorrhage

Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is characterized by a symmetrical distribution of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules on the extremities, especially over the dorsa of the hands and feet. The pattern of inheritance is believed to be autosomal dominant, but many sporadic cases have been reported. We report one family of DSH, which showed a typical autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance by pedigree analysis.
Extremities ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Wills

The nuclear accumulation of p53 protein is known to correspond with mutation of p53 tumor supressor gene. To investigate the relationsbip between clinico-pathologic features and expression of p53 mutations, 65 cases of primary cervical carcinoma were analysed by an immunohistochemieal method using monoclonal antibody of p53. Immunostaining demonstrated varioua nuclear stinings of cancer cells in 48.4% of squamous cell carcinoma(51.9% in large cell carcinoma and 25.0% in small cell carcinomas) and 23.5% of adenocarcinoma(p<0.05) No differences in clinical stage and p53 positivity were found. There was no significant correlation between p53 positive cases and status of recurrence. This data suggests that p53 protein is not correlated with the disease progression and prognosis.
Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Cervix Uteri* ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Genes, p53* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

Presentation of antigen in a suitable form to lymphocytes is prerequsite for the initiation of primary immune response. Dendritic cells (DC) provide an effective pathway for presenting antigens to lymphocytes in situ. The aim of this study was to establish a dendritic cell-line from human tonsils and to investigate the changes in surface phenotype during culture. Immunohistochemical studies using various surface markers indicated that cultured DC were follicular dendritic cells (FDC) from human tonsils. Cultured DC showed typical dendritic morphology at early stage of culture. Their shape changed into fibroblast-like cells over culture time. Surface phenotype study suggested that cultured DC were distinct from human fibroblast. Antigenic pattern of FDC was changed during culture; I-ILA-DR antigens decreased and HJ2 antigens increased with aging of culture. Functional characteristics of human tosillar FDC will be investigated in the future.
Aging ; Dendritic Cells ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular* ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Palatine Tonsil ; Phenotype

Bleeding that recur or continues after hospital admission for an acutely bleeding peptic ulcer is the single most important factor adversely affecting prognosis. The endoscopic findings of stigmata of recent hemorrhage such as active bleeding, a visible vessel or fresh blood clots in peptic ulcer indicate relatively high rebleeding risk. 30 patients with stigmata of recent hemorrhage in bleeding peptic ulcers were treated by endoscopic alcohol injection therapy during the 3-year period from August 1989 to July 1992. 30 cases included 24 gastric ulcers, 4 duodenal ulcers, and 2 stomal ulcers. 8 of these were actively bleeding at the time of endoscopy and non-bleeding visible vessels were identified in 15 patients and fresh blood clots were present in 7. 12 of total 30 cases had rebleeding or continuous bleeding. 3 of 8 with active bleeding, 5 of 15 with non-bleeding bisible vessels, and 4 of 7 with fresh blood clots had rebleeding. Emergency operations were done in 4 cases. There was no complication such as perforation and mortality. We think that this modality of endoscopic hemostasis is safe and simple, but further randomized controlled trials will be needed to evaluate the efficacy of hemostasis by endoscopic alcohol injection therapy.
Christianity ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Emergencies ; Endoscopy ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Hemostasis, Endoscopic ; Humans ; Mortality ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Prognosis ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer

The first clinical trial of the Q-switch Nd:YAG laser iridectomy using Coherent model 9900 in Korea was carried out since March of 1985. 51 eye cases(48 patients) of acute and subacute narrow angle glaucoma were treated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser during the last one year and half. The results obtained are as follows; 1) Good results could be obtained by setting 3.0~4.9 mj with mean pulse energy of under 50. 2) Nd:YAG laser iridectomy site and normal intraocular pressure were maintained well. 3) Complications were encountered in 7 eyes(13.7%) but most cases were transitory without permanent damages.
Glaucoma ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iridectomy* ; Korea

A sarcomatoid carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract is a very rare tumor. Only limited cases have been reported in the literature. The tumor is more malignant than the usual adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Typically, when discovered, a sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine is already in a late stage of disease with a rapidly progressive course. The survival rate is markedly lower than for adenocarcinomas. Here, we report the case of a 63-year-old male patient who was referred from the Gastroenterology Department of Chonnam University Hospital. He had been suffering from a sudden onset of painless jaundice, and from weight loss for one month. The operation at our hospital was performed under a diagnosis of periampullary cancer. Whipple's operation was carried out on Dec. 14, 1998. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of a sarcomatoid carcinoma of the duodenum. This article presents that case of a sarcomatoid carcinoma of the duodenum with a brief review of the literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Diagnosis ; Duodenum* ; Gastroenterology ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; Jaundice ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pathology ; Survival Rate ; Weight Loss

Electrical stimulation has been used for evaluating central motor system and deep portion of peripheral nerve, but it was painful. And then magnetic stimulation was introduced recently and used widely because it was painless and easily repeated, compared to electrical stimulation. This study was undertaken in order to obtain normal valued of motor evoked potentials by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Ninety-two volunteers, free of neurological disease, were tested with Medelec Magstim model 200 and Medelec MIstral. There were 55 male and 37 female, ranging in height from 130 to 180 centimeter, with a mean height of 165.9 centimeter, in age from 13 to 70 years, with a mean age of 34 years. Transcranial magnetic stimulation cause contralateral hand and foot muscle responses, and the resultant motor evoked potentials can be recorded. Stimulating sites were near vertex in head, Erb's point in cervical region and L45 interspace in lumbar region. Recording sites wre abductor pollicis brevis(APB) in hand and abductor hallucis(AH) in foot. Our results were as follow ; 1) Latency between head and contralateral APB was 20.9+/-1.5ms, latency between cervical region and ipsilateral APB was 11.7+/-1.1ms, and there-by CMCT was 9.2+/-1.1ms. 2) Latency between head and contralateral AH was 39.0+/-2.6ms, latency between lumbar region and ipsilateral AH was 20.9+/-2.1ms, and there-by CMCT was 1.8+/-2.0ms. 3) Latency was statistically well correlated with subject height, but not CMCT. 4) There was no statistical significance, between male and female, right and left side, among age group, in latency and CMCT. 5) By voluntary muscle contractions, latency was shortened and amplitude was increased on vertex stimulation, but not hanged on stimulation of cervical and lumbar region. 6) By incraesing stimulus intensity, latency was shortened and amplitude was increased on vertex stimulation, but amplitude only was increased on stimulation of cervical region.
Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials, Motor* ; Female ; Foot ; Hand ; Head ; Humans ; Lumbosacral Region ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Peripheral Nerves ; Reference Values* ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation* ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: To establish new in vitro model systems that better reflect in vivo condition, multicellular tumor spheroids(MTS) and raft culture were developed using cell lines of squamous cell carcinoma(SCCHN) of the head and neck. In these 3-dimensional systems, the expression of cell surface molecules which are important for modulation of physiology of tumor cells were studied with or without the treatment of interferon(IFN)-gamma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four SCCHN cell lines were used for MTS and raft culture. The effects of interferon-gamma on SCCHN cells were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: All cell lines formed MTS, but only Tu-138 showed a good stratification at the air-liquid interface in the raft culture system. Immunohistochemical studies of MTS using monoclonal antibodies revealed a strong staining for MHC class I, no staining for MHC-DR, a weak patch expression of ICAM-1 and a central strong staining for integrin a 6. Staining patterns were similar for the raft cultures except integrin a 6(intense full-thickness positivity). In both systems, IFN-gamma enhanced the expression of MHC-DR and ICAM-1. No significant change was found in the expression of MHC class I and integrin a 6. CONCLUSIONS: MTS and raft culture system were established successfully from the SCCHN cell lines. IFN-gamma can modulate the surface molecules of tumor cells in the 3-dimensional culture systems.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Line ; Head* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Interferon-gamma ; Neck* ; Physiology