PURPOSE: Measles is one of the most highly communicable infectious disease, but has become a rare disease with the widespread use of vaccine. Recently, however, resurgence of the disease in school aged or adolescents who had received the vaccine before or at the 15 month warrants reappraisal of the efficacy of the vaccination. The purpose of this study was to investigate positive prevalence of antibody and its quantitative titers in different age groups in order to determine necessity and appropriate time of booster vaccine. METHODS: We measured measles antibody in the sera of 192 children from different age groups(61 cases from 4-6 years of age, 40 cases from 8-9 years of age, 47 cases from 12-13 years of age, 44 cases from 15-16 years of age). Eight to ten children from each group were selected and quantitative antibody titers were measured by EIA(measles Ig G EIA SEIKEN) method. RESULTS: 1) The positive prevalence of measles antibody in four to six year age group(72%) was significantly lower than the expected positive prevalence of measles antibody(95%) (p<0.001). 2) Median antibody titer in twelve to thirteen year age group tended to be relatively lower than the other age groups. 3) There was no significant differences in the positive prevalence of measles antibody and median titers between sex. CONCLUSIONS: This data supported that the booster vaccination be needed at four to six years of age.
Adolescent ; Child ; Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Measles* ; Prevalence ; Rare Diseases ; Vaccination*

No abstract available.
Autoantibodies* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the results and contributing factors of catch-up growth in very low birth weight infants(VLBWI) at the corrected age of 2 years. In addition, we looked for a relationship between the catch-up growth and the development by the bayley scales of infant development II(BSID II). METHODS: A retrospective analysis by evaluating medical records was done for the 76 VLBWI whose follow-up was possible up to a corrected age of 2 years, out of the 114 who had been treated in the neonatal intensive care unit during the January of 2000 to December of 2001 at Samsung Cheil Hospital. Based on the Standard Korean Infant's Growth Curve, the catch-up growth group was defined over the 10th percentile of weight at 2 years as the corrected age and the failed catch-up growth group was defined under the 10th percentile. We investigated the clinical factors and courses of each group and compared the scores of the BSID II. RESULTS: The catch-up growth group of the VLBWI was 51 infants and the failed catch-up growth group was 25 infants. In comparison with maternal clinical factors, use of antenatal steroids was significantly higher in the catch-up growth group. In comparisn with clinical factors and courses of VLBWI, two clinical factors were significantly different between the two groups: birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR). Numbers of delayed development were increased in the failed catch-up growth group but statistically significant differences could not be observed. CONCLUSION: The catch-up growth of the VLBWI was affected by the use of antenatal steroids, birth weight and IUGR. No significant differences regarding neurodevelopmental outcome were observed between the catch-up and failed catch-up growth groups.
Birth Weight ; Child ; Child Development ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth and Development* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroids ; Weights and Measures

Lung toxicity associated with cyclophosphamide use is a rare but serious side effect, that may result in a fatal course. However no such cases have been reported in Korea, so clinicians would not be alert to this adverse effect. We recently experienced a woman with Wegener's granulomatosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This patient had been administered 12 grams of cyclophosphamide for 4 months. At that time of admission, She felt aggravating dyspnea on exertion for 2 weeks. Her chest x-ray and high resolution CT revealed aggravated reticular opacities and ground glass appearances. Dyspnea was improved and ground glass appearances on HRCT was disappeared after discontinuation of cyclophosphamide. We diagnosed this case as cyclophosphamide-induced pneumonitis and report it with a brief review of the literature.
Cyclophosphamide* ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Glass ; Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Korea ; Lung* ; Pneumonia ; Thorax ; Wegener Granulomatosis*

Hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT), a type of thyroid lesion, was first reported by Carney in 1987 and has since been reported continuously. Due to its histological non-specificity, HTT can be misdiagnosed as papillary thyroid cancer or medullary thyroid cancer. For this reason, over treatment might occur; for example, total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy. Diagnosis and treatment is a challenge because there is still controversy regarding HTT characters. We report on two cases. One patient was a 48-year-old female and the other was a 46-year-old female. Both patients complained of a thyroid mass and were diagnosed as HTT.
Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hyalin* ; Lymph Node Excision ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Myocarditis* ; Rheumatic Fever*

PURPOSE: As the neonatal intensive care advanced, the survival rate of the very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) has steadily increased. We evaluated the outcome of VLBWIs who were born at Samsung Cheil Hospital. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted for survival, morbidities and developmental outcome on 114 VLBWIs out of total 17, 720 newborn infants who were born between January 1st, 2000 and December 31st, 2001. RESULTS: The incidence of VLBWI was 0.6%. Overall survival rate of VLBWI was 92.1%. All the Infants less than 500 g died, but the survival rate increased as birth weight increased. The survival rate was 75% for infants 500 g to 749 g, 85% for those 750 g to 999 g, 93.3% for those 1, 000 g to 1, 249 g, 98.1% for those 1, 250 g to 1, 499 g. The survival rates by gestational age also increased from 0 in those of 23-24 weeks to 80% in 25-26 weeks, 87.0% in 27-28 weeks, and up to 98.7% in those 29 weeks or more. Common morbidities in VLBWIs included respiratory distress syndrome (43.9%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (21.9%), retinopathy of prematurity (> or = stage II+, 12.3%), necrotizing enterocolitis (7%), intraventricular hemorrhage (> or =grade III, 4.4%) in the order of frequency. Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II) were performed on 38 VLBWIs. 9 (23.7%) of those tested showed delayed development, and 4 (10.5%) of whom were significantly delayed. CONCLUSION: 92.1% of VLBWIs survived. Survival rates increased as birth weight and gestational age increased. More efforts are needed to improve the long term outcome by reducing common morbidities.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Child ; Child Development ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Weights and Measures

The classification of hiatal hernia is made by the position of the gastroesophageal junction. Although sliding hiatal hernia (type 1) is the most common type of hiatal hernia, it is very uncommon to be found in early infancy because it is usually symptom free. We report a case of type 1 hiatal hernia of newborn infant who had diagnosed by simple chest radiography taken because of transient tachypnea of the newborn.
Classification ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Hernia, Hiatal* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Parturition* ; Radiography ; Thorax ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

Venous anomalies, including portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and prior portosystemic shunts, are not uncommon in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and require vascular reconstruction. PVT has been considered as a contraindication to OLT because of surgical complexity and increased postoperative morbidity and mortailty rates. Postoperative chylous ascites occur following disruption of abdominal lymphatics after retroperitoneal dissection. Chyloperitoeum after OLT is very rare. We report a case of piggyback OLT in a cirrhotic patient with portal vein thrombosis. A thromboendarterectomy was attempted first, and a venous jump graft was required between the donor portal vein and the infrapancreatic superior mesenteric vein. An aortic conduit was used for the hepatic arterial reconstruction. Retroperitoneal dissection was inevitable. Chylous ascites developed after the operation and were managed successfully with a low-at diet. In conclusion, we suggest that the presence of PVT is not a contraindication for OLT. Chylous ascites are rare after OLT, and the treatment of choice is a conservative one based on diet control.
Chylous Ascites* ; Diet ; Endarterectomy ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Mesenteric Veins ; Portal Vein* ; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants* ; Venous Thrombosis*

PURPOSE: In twin pregnancies with single fetal death after 20th weeks, the surviving co-twin has an ischemic change of multiple organ, neurological abnormality, high perinatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical status and the outcome of live co-twins and to compare them with the normal viable twins. METHODS: A retrospective analysis by evaluating medical records was done for those twin pregnancies with single fetal demise after 20 weeks (n=20) during January 2000 to June 2003 at Samsung Cheil Hospital. Normal viable twins (n=847) born during the same study period were used as a control group. RESULTS: 867 of 31, 219 live deliveries were documented as twin births. 20 twin pregnancies were complicated by the death of one fetus after 20th weeks. In these 20 twin pregnancies, two surviving co-twins died after birth. There was an increased incidence of monochorionic placenta, prematurity, VLBW (very low birth weight), admission rate in neonate and mortality among the surviving co-twins as compared to the normal viable twins (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between surviving co- twins with dichorionic placenta and normal viable twins. CONCLUSION: The perinatal morbidity and mortality of surviving twins were higher than the normal twins in the monochorionic twins whose co-twin's death occurred after 20th weeks suggests that chorionicity of placenta might be an important factor to predict the outcome of surviving co-twin's.
Chorion ; Fetal Death ; Fetus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Placenta ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Retrospective Studies