Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic disorder which has frequent involvement of gastrointestinal tract. Non specific symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain are well known symptoms when the gastrointestinal tract is involved. The most feared gastrointestinal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus is lupus enteritis. The pathological change in lupus enteritis is usually a result of mesenteric vasculitis. Major complications such as intestinal bleeding and perforation may occur and sometimes result in sugery. Because of high mortality rate in case of major complications, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is very important. We experienced three patients with lupus enteritis who presented with severe abdominal pain and dirrhea. They were diagnosed by characteristic radiographical findings of small bowel series and barium study. All radiographical findings has been resolved completely with the steroid therapy. Conclusively we can induce complete remission by steroid therapy alone, if we diagnose lupus enteritis in the early period of disease course.
Abdominal Pain ; Anorexia ; Barium ; Diarrhea ; Early Diagnosis ; Enteritis* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Mortality ; Nausea ; Vasculitis

Bilateral carotid-cavernous fistula are much less frequent and these double lesions are considered as a puzzling therapeutic problem. A case of bilateral traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula was confirmed by bilateral carotid angiography and was managed by method of muscle piece embolization without complications. Neuro-ophthalmological deficits improved progressively except minor bruit. We reviewed bilateral carotid-cavernous fistula in the literatures and discussed the surgical method.
Angiography ; Fistula*

PURPOSE: To analyze angiearchitecture of arteriovenous malformations(AV malformation) in order to clarify the angiegraphic risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage and other nonhemorrhagic symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five patients with angiegraphically-proved brain arteriovenous malformation were included in this study. Retrospective review of clinical history and angiography was done. Topographic analysis and evaluation of 17 angiearchitectural characteristics were conducted. RESULTS: Deep-seated and cortico-callosal type, small nidus size, intranidal pouch, one draining vein, deep venous drainage only venous stenosis and venous aneurysm were the most discriminating or predictive characteristics of hemorrhage in brain arteriovenous malformation. And those with large nidus size, dural supply and venous hypertension were correlated with nonhemorrhagic symptoms such as seizure, headache and neurologic deficit. CONCLUSION: Detailed analysis of the angiearchitecture of brain arteriovenous malformations is needed to identify the features that are correlated with prognostic implications for the treatment of patients with ^V malformations.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Brain* ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Drainage ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seizures ; Veins

We examined the amyloid deposits in seborrheic keratosis by using Dylon stain. Histochemically identified amyloid deposits in seborrheic keratosis were studied with monoclonal cytokeratin antibodies. Amyloid deposits were detected in 2 of 22 seborrheic keratosis. Anti-keratin antibody 34E12 reacted with amyloid deposits shown by Dylon stain in 2 of 22 seborrheic keratosis. Anti-keratin antibody 34B4 did not react with amyloid deposits
Amyloid ; Amyloidosis* ; Antibodies ; Keratins ; Keratosis, Seborrheic* ; Plaque, Amyloid

OBJECTIVE Licorice is used throughout the world as a traditional herbal remedy. Ac-cording to Chinese traditional medicine licorice alone can be used to treat inflammation.Although there have been some studies investigated the anti-inflammatory ingredients of licorice, but for the potency of flavonoid glycoside and their aglycones on inflammation are not evaluated.This study was designed to assess the contributions of licorice flavonoid glycosides and their aglycons to its anti-inflammatory and hypnotic effects. METHODS For the flavonoid aglycone's enrichment, the extract of licorice (EL) was fermented in submerged culture of the edible fungus Grifola frondosa HB0071 mycelia which can produce β-glucosidase and catalyze the flavonoid glycosides to aglycones.EL and fermented extract of licorice (FEL) were used in this study. The anti-inflammation test was carried out in arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear edema model and the hypnotic test was performed by using electroencephalogram (EEG)analysis method in normal freely moving SD rats.The chemicals constituents were analyzed by HPLC.RESULTS During fermentation,the falvonoid glycosides of licorice were hydrolyzed by the time process.Along with fermentation time,the concentration of the major flavonoid glycosides,liquiritin and isoliquiritin were decreased obviously, and simultaneously their aglycons, liquiritigenin and isoliquiriti-genin were remarkably increased in FEL.Moreover,the content of another major constituent glycyrrhi-zic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were not changed after the fermentation. In AA-induced mice ear ede-ma test,after topical application,FEL(effective dose range:5-20 μg·ear-1)showed more potent inhibito-ry activity than EL(effective dose range:25-100 μg·ear-1).On the other hand,oral administration of EL and FEL exhibited the same hypnotic potency and both enhanced the total sleep time including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep time. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the enrichment of flavonoid aglycons such as liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin enhanced the anti-inflam-matory potency of licorice extract,and this potentiation has nothing to do with glycyrrhizic acid or glycyr-rhetinic acid.In addition,enrichment of flavonoid aglycones did not alter the hypnotic effect of licorice.

PURPOSE: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is defined as lymphoma limited to the cranial-spinal axis without evidence of systemic disease and its incidence has risen threefold during the last fifteen years among apparantly healthy population. This study was intended to analyze the clinicopathologic features and treatment outcome of the patient with PCNSL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty one patients were diagnosed and treated for the PCNSL limited to brain parenchyme at Asan Medical Center between March 1989 and December 1996. We reviewed clinical records of these patients and analyzed clinicopathologic features, treatment response, survival time and prognostic factors. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female was 1.3: 1 and the most prevalent age group was the 4th decade. Most patients had diffuse large cell (19/21) and B-cell type (8/8). Seventeen (94.4%) among 18 evaluable patients achieved complete remission (CR) as initial response, but 53% of patients showed recurence of the disease. Median times of disease-free and overall survival were 40 and 50 months, respectively and 5 year overall survival rate was 35.3 %. Prognostic factors such as age and performance status, had a statistically significant influence on the overall survival but not on disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: CR rate of the patients with PCNSL was high, but relapses were frequent. There fore further studies are needed to define the pmgnostic factors and to decrease relapse rate.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; B-Lymphocytes ; Brain ; Central Nervous System* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymphoma* ; Male ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: The effect of intra-portal infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution on the energy metabolism during cold preservation was investigated using a small-animal liver transplantation model. METHODS: Fifteen white rats were divided into 3 groups: the group A (feeding group) were fed normally before experiment. The group B (fasting group) and group C (GIK group) were fasted from 3 days before experiment, by which acute nutritional deficiency state was induced. In group A and B, the whole liver was procured after intra-portal perfusion of HTK solution and serial liver biopsies were performed during the cold preservation period with 4degrees C HTK solution. In group C, intra-portal GIK solution infusion for 1 hour preceded liver graft harvest. From the liver tissues, the relative intracellular glycogen contents and the ATP concentration were measured. RESULTS: Relative glycogen contents in group A were 100% at 0 h, 64.6% at 2 h, 54.9% at 4 h, and 16.2% at 8 h; 10.3%, 8.3%, 4.9% and 0%, respectively in group B; 109.2%, 96.9%, 54.2% and 9.7%, respectively in group C. There was a temporary supercharge of ATP level in group C only at 0 h. Apoptosis was less expressed in group C comparing with group A and B. CONCLUSION: Rapid intra- portal infusion of GIK solution could make intrahepatic glycogen content fully restored to the normal level. Considering that intracellular glycogen is the main energy source during immediate post-transplant period, its restoration may contribute to improvement of post-transplant graft function.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Biopsy ; Cold Temperature ; Energy Metabolism ; Glucose ; Glycogen ; Humans ; Insulin ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Malnutrition ; Mannitol ; Perfusion ; Potassium ; Potassium Chloride ; Procaine ; Rats ; Transplants