Between April, 1984 and September 1988, 459 patients underwent cardiovascular surgery at the Yeungnam University Hospital. Of these, 355 cases were open heart surgeries and 104 cases were non-open heart surgeries. There were 237 patients of acyanotic congenital cardiac anomalies, 40 patients of cyanotic congenital cardiac anomalies, and 85 patients of acquired heart diseases. The sex ratio of cardiovascular diseases was represented as 1:1.3 in male and female. The age distribution was ranged from 1 day to 65 years old. The common congenital cardiovascular anomalies were ventricular septal defect (38.7%), patent ductus arteriosus (25.5%), atrial septal defect (20.7%), Tetralogy of Fallot (8.3%), and pulmonary stenosis (2.4%) in order of frequency. Among 87 acquired cardiovascular diseases, 81 patients underwent operation for cardiac valvular lesions, 51 patients had mitral valve replacement and 13 patients had aortic valve replacement and 17 patients had double valve replacement. The overall mortality of cardiovascular surgery was 3.3% and mortality of open heart surgery was 3.9%.
Age Distribution ; Aortic Valve ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Clinical Study* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Mortality ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Sex Ratio ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Thoracic Surgery

BACKGROUND: Human hair usually emerges from the scalp in groups of 2 or 3-hair units. Hair densities and grouping patterns in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients are known to be different from those in normal adults, but no comparative study has ever before been made in Korea. Therefore we have developed some technical improvements on phototrichogram methodology to evaluate the differences between these two groups. BACKGROUND: Objectives: This study was performed to quantify Koreans' hair characteristics at each site (vertex, occipital, temporal) of the scalp according to the age and to compare the differences of hair characteristics of AGA and normal adults using phototrichogram. METHODS: Hairs in the precisely defined circle at each (vertex, temporal, occipital) site of the scalp in 37 AGA male patients and 15 healthy male volunteers were evaluated according to age. Each circumscribed area of the scalp, centered with a dot tattoo to ensure reproducibility, was photographed just after shaving, and named 'primary image'. Two days later, the same area was again photographed, and named 'secondary image', from which the hair density and the grouping pattern of hair follicular units were determined by the image analyzer program. RESULTS: The results can be summarized as follows: 1. In normal adult males, the range of hair density was 117~13/cm2~140~16/cm2, with the hair density of the occiput being significantly higher than that of the temple. No significant differences in hair density were shown between vertex and occiput. 2. In AGA male patients, the range of hair density was 102~23/cm2-137~17/cm2, and the differences of the hair density between vertex and occiput were statistically significant. 3. The numbers of grouped hair units per square centimeter in the non-bald adult male group ranged from 59~11/cm2 to 73~14/cm2. The most common grouped hair unit was a 2-hair unit, followed by a 1-hair unit and a 3-hair unit group. 4. In the AGA group, the numbers of grouped hair units per square centimeter ranged from 57~6/cm2 to 72~12/cm2, showing no significance with the control group. The most common grouped hair unit was a 1-hair unit, followed by a 2-hair unit and a 3-hair unit group. CONCLUSIONS: The AGA group compared remarkably with the normal adult male group, showing a lower hair density with a larger proportion of 1-grouped hair units. Based on the data about hair density and hair grouping patterns in AGA patients, surgeons can estimate the area of donor scalp with the most probable number of follicular units in hair trans-plantation procedures.
Adult ; Alopecia* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Scalp* ; Tissue Donors ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Orchiopexy* ; Testis*

We performed this study to observe the effects of chronic administration of leuprolide acetate(potent synthetic LHRH analog) to the testicular histopathology of prostatic cancer patient and to the spermatogenesis in cryptochism treatment. Ten out of fifty healthy male rats whose body weight ranged 250-300gm were selected as a control group and the other forty as a study group. Two hundred micro-gram of leuprolide acetate was injected daily into the peritoneal cavity of study group, and ten rats were sacrificed at each first, second, third and sixth week, respectively. Then the changes of testicular weight and histopathological readings under light microscope of both control and study group were recorded and analyzed. The results of experimental data can be summarized as follows : 1. The average testicular weight of control group increased progressively until sixth week to 1. 1.43gm from the initial value of 1.26gm, while the weight of study group decreased to 0.96gm which was 67.1 % of age-matched control group. 2. There were almost no remarkable changes between both groups in terms of number, size and cellularity of seminiferous tubules. We observed the degenerative and regenerative changes simultaneously in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. During the first three weeks, degenerative changes took place while the regenerative changes started from the second week and have fully recovered at the sixth week. And, the number of spermatids and spermatozoa slightly decreased at the first week, but have recovered to normal value from the second week. 3. There were noticeable changes neither in the interstitium of testes except the minimal edema nor in terms of size and number of Leydig cell. The results using rats showed the discordance with those of human study of prostatic cancer patient. This conflict can be attributed to the functional differences of leuprolide action between two species, age of sacrificed rats and insufficiency of dose and time of administration. However, we can draw another conclusion that the leuprolide acetate is expected to have no significant adverse effects to the spermatogenesis in cryptorchism treatment.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Cryptorchidism ; Edema ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Leuprolide* ; Male* ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Rats* ; Reading ; Reference Values ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Spermatids ; Spermatocytes ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia ; Spermatozoa ; Testis

Genes encoding sequence-specific DNA binding proteins have been isolated by screening cDNA libraries constructed in rgt11 expression vector with recognition site DNAs. We isolated a rgt11 recombinant human cDNA clone, designated to C2, using a DNA probe consisted of heptamer of the perfect palindrome (PP; GGGGATTCCCC) of enhancer A (Enh A) of HLA dass I promoter. Sequencing analysis showed that this clone contained a partial cDNA homologous to NF-kB2. Lysogenic E. coli containing the C2 was generated and crude cell extract was prepared. Immunoblot using anti-B-galactosidase antibody showed that this lysogenic E. coli expressed B-galactosidase fusion protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and DNase I footprinting assay were done using crude cell extract and their patterns were compared with nuclear protein extracted from an EBV transformed B lymphoblastoid cell line (BLCL). EMSA showed that crude cell extract prepared from E. coli lysogen speci5cally bound to the PP of Enh A region of HLA class I gene. DNase I footprinting assay showed that the binding sequence of this recombinant B-galactosidase fusion protein was identical to that of nuclear protein extracted from a BLCL. Our data indicate that a Agt11 recombinant cDNA clone was isolated from a human cDNA library using the PP of Enh A of the HLA class I promoter and this clone encoded a B-galactosidase fusion protein capable of binding to the PP and belongs to a NF-xB subunit.
Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Deoxyribonuclease I ; DNA ; DNA, Complementary* ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Gene Library ; Genes, MHC Class I ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans* ; Mass Screening ; Nuclear Proteins

Ureteroscopic removal of stone is now an established technique for the management of ureteral stones and can be done under direct vision using flexible grasping forceps or stone baskets with increased safety and efficacy. A clinical study of our 35 cases of ureteroscopic removal of ureteral calculi was performed. Only one among 4 cases of mid and upper ureteral calculi and 27 among 31 cases of lower ureteral calculi were removed successfully. Therefore the overall success rate was 80 %(28 among 35 cases). Complications occurred in 6 cases : a case of ureteral avulsion, a case of ureteral separation, 2 cases of uncomplicated urinary tract infection and 2 cases of ureteral perforations. We conclude that ureteroscopic removal of ureteral stone under direct vision can be done safely and be the first choice of management for the lower ureteral surgical calculi, but the antegrade removal of stone through percutaneous nephrostomy tract may be preferable for the upper and mid ureteral calculi.
Calculi ; Hand Strength ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Surgical Instruments ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi ; Urinary Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Cardiac hypertrophy is the compensatory response of the myocadium to increased workload. Compensatory mechanisms come into play when the hypertrophied heart can no longer accommodate the increased demand or persistent stimuli. Although it has been reported that the molecular changes in hypertrophied hearts that initially mediate enhanced function may contribute to the development of heart failure, the structural/biochemical/molecular basis for myocardial contractile failure is still obscure. This study was aimed to clarify the structural basis for relation between hypertrophy and failure. METHOD: Nine pairs of rabbits were sacrificed at 8,12,24,48 hours and 1,2,4,6,8 weeks after experiment aortic constriction. There hearts were studied with routine histopathology. Each heart was weighed and compared with total body weight. Multiple sections were embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5um, and stained with hematoxylin and cosin and Masson's trichrome and analysed. RESULTS: The heart weight to body weight ratio(g/Kg) increased progressively with time after aortic banding. Banding of the aorta in the rabbit resulted in multifocal areas of myofiber degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis through the wall of the left ventricle, in the papillary muscles of the left ventricle and in the left ventricular portions of the interventricular septum in rabbit of 6 and 8 weeks after aortic banding. By 4 weeks after banding, the foci of necrosis were not observed. CONCLUSION: There findings suggest that the increased necrosis, fibrosis in animals with cardiac hypertrophy induced by banding the aorta may play a role in progression to heart failure.
Animals ; Aorta ; Body Weight ; Cardiomegaly ; Constriction ; Fibrosis ; Heart Failure ; Heart Ventricles ; Heart* ; Hematoxylin ; Hypertrophy ; Necrosis* ; Papillary Muscles ; Paraffin ; Rabbits

Urticaria is a common disease and a well known reaction pattern of the skin eharacterized by erythema or wheals and edema, that is the results of a local leakage ef plasma, from minute vessels into the connective tissue of the dermis. Seven hundred and sixty cases of urticaria visited to this department from January 1973 to December 1974 were studied clinically in various ways. Patients were classified as acute and chronic urticaria-acute form when the hives have been present for less than 8 weeks and chronic form when the hives lasted longer. In all patients, a detailed history, a complete physical examination, a total and differential leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and routine stool examination were performed. Foods were incriminated as the exciting causes of urticaria by history, diet elimination test and ingestion test. An ice cube test was done for corroboration of cold allergy. Cholinergic urticaria, was diagnosed by the appearance of small wheals surrounded by erythema after exercise, emotional disturbances or hot drinks. The diagnosis of urticaria due to drug was based on the history of urticaria following the taking of a certain drug. Infection as the inciting cause was determined by history and physical examination. The results: 1. The incidence of urticaria is 4. 6% to total number of dermatologic patients. 2. Among the 760 urticaria patients, acute cases were 498 which were 2 times more than chronic cases, and female patients were 474 cases that revealed marked high incidences than male patients. 3. The age of the patients ranged from 2 months to 87 years, and the patients between 20 and 39 years occupied more than half of the all patients. 4. Abnormal hematologic findings were more marked in acute form; leukocytosis and neutrophilia were dominate in acute form, and lymphocytosis and eosinophilia were more marked in chronic form. 5. Among the etiologic factors, the bacterial infection was the most frequent which occupied 22. 4% of the all urticaria patients. 6. Seven cases of urticaria due to parasites were clonorchis sinensis, in which I had experienced the complete recovery with the treatment of subcutaneous injection of clonorchis sinensis antigen (1: 10,000) 0.01- 0.1ml at the interval of one week. 7. In this study, the inciting or perpetuating causes could not be found in 50.8% of patients-46.2% of acute form and 59.5% of chronic form.
Affective Symptoms ; Bacterial Infections ; Blood Sedimentation ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Connective Tissue ; Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Diet ; Eating ; Edema ; Eosinophilia ; Erythema ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Ice ; Incidence ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytosis ; Lymphocytosis ; Male ; Parasites ; Physical Examination ; Plasma ; Skin ; Urticaria*

No abstract available.
Pneumothorax* ; Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Shoulder*