Antianginal and untoward effects of fenalcomine hydrochloride were studied in 24 cases of angina pectoris. Following discontinuation of all medications for 2 weeks except for liberal use of sublingual nitroglycerin for the relief of anginal attack, fenalcomine, 150mg a day in 3 divided doses, was given for 8 to 16 weeks. In 20 cases, routine blood counts including platelets, serum electrolytes and cholesterol as well as blood sugar level were checked before and at the completion of the medication. hepatic and renal functions were also studied. The effect of fenalcomine on severity, frequency and duration of anginal attack was excellent to good in 17 cases(70.9%), and was fair in 5 cases(20.8%). In the remaining 2 cases(8.3%), who responded poorly had angina pectoris for more than 3 years. It appeared that fenalcomine was similarly effective in those with or without associated hypertension or diabetes mellitus, or history of previous myocardial infarction. The comparison of the results of post-treatment laboratory tests with pre-treatment data revealed no significant changes. Furthermore, no untoward clinical reactions attributable to the drug was noted in all cases. These facts suggest that fenalcomine is a reliable and well tolerated antianginal agent which can be used singly or in combination with other agents.
Angina Pectoris ; Blood Glucose ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Electrolytes ; Hypertension ; Myocardial Infarction ; Nitroglycerin

PURPOSE: The PSA is believed to be the most useful tumor marker available for prostate cancer. Several investigations were published which established the role of age-specific reference ranges in screening and early detection of prostate cancer. This study is to determine age-specific reference ranges for serum PSA concentration in a health center of Korea in comparison with those of other races. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June, 1996 and May, 1997, a total of 18,928 Korean men aged 40 to 79 years who were examined in the health center of Asan Medical Center had serum PSA screening tests for prostate cancer. There were 9 cases of prostate cancer. Serum PSA concentrations of whom had no prostate cancer were determined with Tandem-R PSA assay (Hybritech). Descriptive statistics, including the median values, 25th, 75th and 95th percentiles of the distribution of serum PSA concentration, were calculated for 5-year and 10-year age-groups from aged 40 through 79. A regression model was used to characterize the distribution of the logarithm of serum PSA concentration by age. RESULTS: The serum PSA concentration correlated directly with age(r=0.19; p<0.05). Adjusted for age, the serum PSA concentration was lower for Korean men than for Caucasian, black men or Japanese men. Thus the recommended age-specific reference ranges(95th percentile) for serum PSA concentration for Korean men of our health center were lower as well; 0.0-2.1 ng/ml for 40-49 years, 0.0-2.5 ng/ml for 50-59 years, 0.0-3.0 ng/ml for 60-69 years, 0.0-3.6 ng/ml for 70-79 years. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the age-specific reference ranges for serum PSA concentration are lower for Korean men than for Caucasian or black men. Newly proposed age-specific reference ranges by our institute would be more valuable for Korean men.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Continental Population Groups ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Reference Values*

No abstract available.
C-Reactive Protein* ; Tocolysis*

PURPOSE: There is no consensus about a definition of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but there are various definitions based on a combination of clinical parameters used to describe the properties of BPH: symptoms of prostatism, increase of prostate volume, and bladder outlet obstruction. The prevalence of clinical BPH in Asian was believed to be lower than Caucasian. The lower urinary tract symptoms associated with BPH in Korea was reported by some authors and it was similar to the results of other studies in western countries. We report the prevalence of BPH in Korean men through a community-based study in Jeong-Eup county, Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 653 men aged 50 and over in Jeong-Eup area, Korea was randomly selected for determination of the prevalence of BPH. The definition of BPH in this study was combination of moderate(8-19) to severe(>19) I-PSS, enlargement of the prostate over 30gms on digital rectal examination by one board certified urologist, and decreased peak flow rate below 15ml/sec. Men with abnormal digital rectal examination(DRE) and elevated serum prostate specific antigen(PSA) above 3.5ng/ml were undergone sextant prostate biopsy to exclude the prostate cancer. RESULTS: I-PSS questionnaires were completed in 431 men and the response rate was 66.1%. Based on I-PSS, 162 men(37.6%) had moderate symptoms and 51 men(11.9%) severe symptoms. Of 213 men with moderate to severe symptoms, 35.7% had enlarged prostate by DRE, and 63.1% decreased flow rate. The prevalence of BPH by the definition in this study was 4.3% in their fifties, 13.2% in sixties and 16.3% in seventies and over eighty(overall, 11.1%). The population-adjusted prevalence of BPH in Korean men aged 50 and over was 8.7%. A good correlation was found between the total symptom score and the quality of life score that is included in the I-PSS. CONCLUSIONS: Men with moderate to severe I-PSS was 49.5%, which was similar to the results from other studies in Caucasian and Japanese. The prevalence of BPH in Korea by aforementioned definition was 8.7%, which seems to be lower than Caucasian. This results suggest that approximately 1,600,000 Korean men had moderate to severe urinary symptoms and 300,000 clinical BPH by the definition in this study.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biopsy ; Consensus ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Korea ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prevalence* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostatism ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction

Hypertension has been reported as a possible sequela of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The detailed pre & post-ESWL blood pressure measurements were made for 1-21 months in 1159 patients who were treated with ESWL monotherapy using the EDAP-LT01 piezoelectric lithotriptor between February, 1987 and June, 1989. The following results were obtained : 1. Among 1053 pre-ESWL normotensive patients, normal blood pressure was remained in 1012 (96.1%) and new onset hypertension was noted in 41(3.9%). Moreover, in 106 patients having pre-ESWL hypertension, 78(73.6%) patients were sustained hypertension, mild decrement in 10(9.6%) and increment in 6(5.7%). 2. Of the new onset hypertensive 41 patients, the male to female sex ratio was about 4:1 and their ages ranged from 14 to 68 years with an average of 47.9 years, but most of them were above 40 years. 3. Concerning these 41 patients, they had renal(32 cases) or ureteral(9 cases) stones of which sizes ranged from 0.7 to 3.8cm(mean 1.7cm) and number of treatments were ranged from 1 to 21 with an average of 5 sessions. 4. Of the post-ESWL hypertensive 32 patients who had renal stones, the mean diastolic blood pressure increased from 10 to 50mmHg with an average of 28.1mmHg. Seven of these 32 patients required drug therapy and an additional 25 patients had an increase in diastolic blood pressure not requiring therapy. The rate of hypertension was not increased in accordance with the storage of shock waves. Only 41(3.9%) patients who were normotensive prior to treatment become hypertensive after ESWL. If we assume that the age-dependent increase of hypertension is 0.9% per year, there is not too much evidence at the moment that hypertension is caused by ESWL treatment and requires further study.
Blood Pressure ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Lithotripsy* ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Shock*

PURPOSE: The international index of erectile function(IIEF) is a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile function and detecting treatment-related changes in patients with erectile dysfunction. It was developed by Dr. Rosen in 1997 and composed of 15-item questionnaire of five relevant domains of sexual function(that is, erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction). The IIEF currently is available in more than 30 languages for use in multinational clinical trials, and demonstrates adequate sensitivity and specificity for detecting treatment-related changes in erectile function in patients with erectile dysfunction. For application of the IIEF to Korean, it is inevitable to demonstrate the reliability and validity of Korean version of IIEF, since the cultural background is one of the most important factors which often results in misinterpretation of the questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 13th to July 20th 1998, a total of 39 patients aged over 30 who visited Andrology Clinic with the complaint of erectile dysfunction were enrolled for the patient group and 40 age-matched volunteers who visited the Department of Family Medicine without erectile dysfunction were enrolled for a control group. Self administered questionnaire survey was performed with linguistically valid Korean version of IIEF for all study subjects and was repeated with the inteval of 10-25 days(between the first and second survey). The results were analyzed statistically by PC-SAS version 6.12. RESULTS: Two separate aspects of scale reliability were evaluated, namely, internal consistency and test-retest repeatability. Internal consistency(Cronbach`s alpha) was computed separately for the five domains in patient and control group. Responses in overall satisfaction was highly consistent with alpha value of 0.96. A satisfactory degree of consistency also was observed for items in the other domains(alpha values greater than 0.70). Test-retest repeatability was assessed by computing correlations between the domain score and total scale scores at the first and the second survey. There was no significant difference in the domain scores and total scale scores between the first and the second survey; nevertheless, test-retest repeatability was relatively low for the orgasmic function(r=0.67) and intercourse satisfaction(r=0.70) domains. Relatively high correlations were observed for the other domains(r value of 0.73 to 0.85), as well as for the total scale scores(r=0.88)(p<0.01). To demonstrate validity, domain scores were compared with the monthly frequency of sexual intercourse(convergent validity) and with scales that measure occupational satisfaction(divergent validity). Siginificant positive correlations were observed between the monthly frequency of sexual intercourse and subscale scores for all five domains. In contrast, none of the correlations between domain scores and measure of occupational satisfaction reached statistical significance. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing the responses for patients with erectile dysfunction with control group by repeated measures ANOVA. Highly significant differences were observed between the patients with erectile dysfunction and age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, the Korean version of IIEF was verified in its reliability and validity. This can be used as a brief and reliable self-administered scale for assessing erectile function and for detecting treatment-related changes in patients with erectile dysfunction. Furthermore, this can be used as universal and objective scale in multinational clinical trial and research field.
Andrology ; Coitus ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Orgasm ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Volunteers ; Weights and Measures

Matrix stones are a rare form of urinary stones and composed primarily of matrix material, approximately 65% by weight. The characteristic X-ray feature is a radiolucent filling defect within the urinary system. The matrix stones are yellowish-white to light tan in color and have a consistency which ranges from that of gelatin to that of putty. We recently experienced a case of left renal matrix stone in 37-year-old woman who had another radiolucent stones in right ureter. So we report the case with a brief review of the literatures.
Adult ; Female ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

PURPOSE: Lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction both have a profound impact on the quality of life elderly men, but there are few reports that would enable us to clearly elucidate the relation between them. We investigated the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its correlation with the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms as judged by the International Prostatic Symptom Score (I-PSS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The total sample was 855 men aged 30 years and older (653 aged over 50) in 31 randomly selected areas of Jeong-Eup, Korea. Two questionnaires were sent. The first, on sexual activities, was based on DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed.) and was composed of several questions on the frequency of sexual intercourse, erectile ability, and the degree of any erectile dysfunction. The second, for men over 50 years of age, was the I-PSS. We analyzed the results with multivariate logistic analysis using an SAS program running on a personal computer. RESULTS: The response rate was 71.3% (466/653), and data sexual activities and I-PSS from 304 men were suitable for analysis. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction, defined as inability to achieve an erection sufficient for penetration, was 58.9% (179/304), and increased with age: 37.2% in men in their 50s, 69.2% in men in their 60s, 83.3% in men in their 70s, ans 100% in men over age: 37.2% in men in their 50s, 69.2% in men in their 60s, 83.3% in men in their 70s, and 100% in men over age 80 (p = 0.001). According to the intensity of lower urinary tract symptoms - mild (0-7), moderate (8-19), and severe (20-35) - the prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 46.6% (75/161), 68.8% (75.109), and 85.3% (29.34), respectively, and the prevalence of complete erectile dysfunction was 8.7% (14.161), 20.2% (22.109), and 47.1% (16.34), respectively. After adjustment for age, there was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction with the odds ratios being 2.395 and 4.125 in the moderately and severely symptomatic groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant correlation between the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction. We suggest that these two conditions are closed related by pathophysiologic mechanism, although clinical and basic research should be advanced to clarify the relation between them.
Aged ; Aging ; Coitus ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Korea* ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Microcomputers ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Running ; Sexual Behavior

PURPOSE: Lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction both have a profound impact on the quality of life elderly men, but there are few reports that would enable us to clearly elucidate the relation between them. We investigated the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its correlation with the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms as judged by the International Prostatic Symptom Score (I-PSS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The total sample was 855 men aged 30 years and older (653 aged over 50) in 31 randomly selected areas of Jeong-Eup, Korea. Two questionnaires were sent. The first, on sexual activities, was based on DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed.) and was composed of several questions on the frequency of sexual intercourse, erectile ability, and the degree of any erectile dysfunction. The second, for men over 50 years of age, was the I-PSS. We analyzed the results with multivariate logistic analysis using an SAS program running on a personal computer. RESULTS: The response rate was 71.3% (466/653), and data sexual activities and I-PSS from 304 men were suitable for analysis. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction, defined as inability to achieve an erection sufficient for penetration, was 58.9% (179/304), and increased with age: 37.2% in men in their 50s, 69.2% in men in their 60s, 83.3% in men in their 70s, ans 100% in men over age: 37.2% in men in their 50s, 69.2% in men in their 60s, 83.3% in men in their 70s, and 100% in men over age 80 (p = 0.001). According to the intensity of lower urinary tract symptoms - mild (0-7), moderate (8-19), and severe (20-35) - the prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 46.6% (75/161), 68.8% (75.109), and 85.3% (29.34), respectively, and the prevalence of complete erectile dysfunction was 8.7% (14.161), 20.2% (22.109), and 47.1% (16.34), respectively. After adjustment for age, there was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction with the odds ratios being 2.395 and 4.125 in the moderately and severely symptomatic groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant correlation between the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction. We suggest that these two conditions are closed related by pathophysiologic mechanism, although clinical and basic research should be advanced to clarify the relation between them.
Aged ; Aging ; Coitus ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Korea* ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Microcomputers ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Running ; Sexual Behavior