Balancing the rates of cell proliferation and cell death is important in maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. The relationship among apoptosis, cell proliferation and factors influencing apoptosis according to the histologic types in chemically induced mammary tumorigenesis appears important in understanding the pathogenesis of breast carcinoma. In this study, we investigated alterations in the kinetics of cell proliferation and apoptosis during rat mammary tumorigenesis induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and we related these changes to the expressions of bcl-2, p53, and TGF-beta. Seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into an experimental group (20 mg/ml DMBA by oral intubation) and a control group. The results were as follows. 1. In the experimental group, breast tumors occurred in twenty two of fifty nine rats(37.3%, 22/59), and the total number of tumors was 100 (4.5 2.0/rat). The histological classification was infiltrating ductal carcinomas (n=5), ductal carcinomas with focal invasion (n=10), intraductal carcinomas (n=36), adenomas accompanied with intraductal proliferation (n=35), intraductal proliferation (n=9), and adenomas (n=5); 2. The differentiation of terminal end bud into alveolar bud (AB) in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.05); 3. BrdU labeled tumor cells were mainly located at the peripheral portion of tumor cell nests. BrdU labeling indices were highest in ductal carcinomas, less pronounced in intraductal proliferation, and lowest in adenomas, whereas apoptosis levels were highest in adenomas, less pronounced in intraductal proliferation, and lowest in ductal carcinomas (p<0.05); 4. p53 protein was not expressed in any breast tumors. Although the expression of bcl-2 protein was highest in infiltrating and focal infiltrative ductal carcinomas (58.3%), compared with adenomas, intraductal proliferation, and intraductal carcinomas (p<0.05), the extent of its expression was less than 1% of all tumor cells; 5. TGF-beta was mainly expressed in the central portion of tumor cell nests rather than in peripheral portion, and TGF-beta immunoreactive tumor cells displayed good differentiation and did not reveal BrdU immunoreactivity. TGF-beta labeling index of infiltrating and focal infiltrative ductal carcinomas was significantly higher than that of intraductal carcinomas, intraductal proliferation, and adenomas (p<0.05). Based on these results, it is thought that high cell proliferation and the suppression of apoptosis are closely associated with DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. However, the suppression of apoptosis is not related to p53 mutation, bcl-2, and TGF-beta. TGF-beta seems to be reversely related to tumor cell proliferation but closely associated with the progression of the tumor, especially an invasion of breast carcinomas.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Adenoma ; Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Breast Neoplasms ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Carcinogenesis* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation* ; Classification ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

No abstract available.
Mass Screening* ; Rural Health*

Between Feb. 1992 and Apr, 1995, the authors have performed arthroscopic abrasion arthroplasty in 78 knees of 76 patients with degenerative osteoarthritis. The followup period was between 24 and 58 months, with on an average of 41 months. All patients had Zarins grade IV articular cartilage change. The results were as follows. 1. Of the total 78 knees, results were excellent in 25(32%), good in 33(42A), fair in 12(17%), poor in 8(10%) knees respectively. 2, The best results were obtained patellofemoral abrasion arthroplasty. 3. The poor results were obtained in patients with the both femoral condyle, lesion. 4. The results were much better in young age group (below 40 years). Aroscopic abrasion arthroplasty is not a curative but palliative method. But it could be an appealing altemative to total knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy or can be performed postoperated after these reconstructive proeedures.
Arthroplasty* ; Cartilage, Articular ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Osteotomy

Purpose: To report a case of both ocular perforation due to periocular acupuncture therapy with vitrectomy in the right eye andbarrier laser photocoagulation without vitrectomy in the left eye.Case summary: A 58-year-old female presented with ocular pain and decreased visual acuity in both eye. She had received periocularacupuncture therapy 4 days earlier. Dilated fundoscopy revealed vitreous hemorrhage. B-scan ultrasonography revealedvitreous opacity. Thus, at the request of the patient, vitrectomy was performed in only the right eye, and did not performed in theleft eye. Intraoperatively, we identified retinal laceration in the temporal and inferior retina. In the left eye, the sites of retinal hemorrhagewere observed in the temporal and inferior retina in the fundus examination, and a barrier laser photocoagulation wasperformed around the lesion. At the three-month postoperative follow-up, the patient’s visual acuity was 0.5 in the right eye withoutmacular edema. In the left eye, visual acuity was 0.01 with macular edema observed on optical coherence tomography. Conclusions Authors present a case of a patient with vitreous hemorrhage and ocular perforations caused by periocular acupuncturetherapy in both eye, able to compare the results of eyes that performed vitrectomy and that did not performed vitrectomyin a same patient. The recovery of visual acuity in eye that performed vitrectomy was better than eye that did not performedvitrectomy. Therefore, we consider performing vitrectomy in patients with eye perforation.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, which is interesting because of its pleomorphic nature, is a rare soft tissue sarcoma possibly arising from histiocyte. The tumors are usually situated in the skin or subcutaneous tissues, especially of the extremities, but they may also involve deeper structures, such as the retroperitoneum or genital organs. Herin we report a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the retroperitoneal space and discuss the pathologic and clinical features.
Extremities ; Genitalia ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous* ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Sarcoma ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue

Collet-Sicard syndrome is one of the syndromes of the multiple lower cranial nerve palsies, characterized by unilateral paralysis of 9th through 12th cranial nerves. The present report describes a 34-year-old woman who had hoarseness, dysarthria, and loss of taste developed after febrile illness. Brain MRI, both T1WI and T2WI, showed high signal intensity in the left jugular foramen. Gd-GTPA contrast injection revealed thickening and enhancement of the left tentorium. Angiography disclosed nonvisualization of the left transverse and sigmoid sinus, and reconstruction of the left internal and external jugular vein by collaterals from the angular, facial, and posterior fossa veins. The patient improved spontaneously two months later. This is the first report of Collet-Sicard syndrome resulting from jugular vein thrombosis.
Adult ; Angiography ; Brain ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Cranial Nerves ; Dysarthria ; Female ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Jugular Veins* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paralysis ; Thrombosis* ; Veins

To localize glycoconjugates of surface mucous cells, mucous neck cells and chief cells in the developing rat, nine of biotinylated lectin(SBA, DBA, PNA, BSL-1, RCA-1, sWGA, UEA-1, Con A and LCA) were applied with ABC method. In the surface and gastric pit epithelium of body of the stomach, DBA affinity was not demonstrated. Although Con A and LCA affinity were slightly increased after birth, these affinities with RCA-1 and sWGA maintained constantly from fetal to adult rat. And UEA-1 affinity gradually increased from the end of suckling period. BSL-1 and PNA affinity showed a tendency to decrease and was not observed in most cells from the suckling and weanling period respectively. In the gastric gland proper, mucous neck cells and chief cells were not distinguished until the early weanling period. All affinities examined except DBA and BSL-1 were observed and increased in the gland of postnatal rat. With the approach of weanling period, more intense affinity for PNA, RCA-1, sWGA and UEA-1 were found on lower portion of the gastric gland proper and more intense affinity for SBA on upper portion. The mucous neck cells showed a similar affinities as gastric gland proper from the weanling period and two affinities for PNA and Con A were detected in the chief cell.
Adult ; Animals ; Epithelium ; Gastric Mucosa* ; Glycoconjugates ; Humans ; Neck* ; Parturition ; Rats* ; Stomach

We report a 36-year-old male with the bilateral visual field defect following LASIK was observed. Preoperatively, patient had high myopia(right. -7.25 0.75x18, left. -7.5-0.5x12), normal intraocular pressure(IOP)(right/left: 16/14 mmHg), normal visual field(Humphrey 30-2 visual field)and revealed the tilted discs with symetric optic nerve head cupping(cup-to-disc ratio, 0.70), parapapillary atrophy. Bilateral LASIK keratorefractive surgery was on the same day and intraoperative complication was not noted. After the first operative visit day, examination revealed uncorreted visual acuity right 0.8 and left 0.6 but scotoma was reported. Three months later, Humphrey 30-2 visual field revealed a near-superior altitudinal defect in the right eye and nasal side visual field defect in the left eye. Best corrected visual acuity was 1.0 in the right eye, 0.8 in the left eye. Repeated visual fields over a 11-month period postoperatively showed stability of the defect, with IOP of 12 mmHg to 15 mmHg in each eye. We considered LASIK uses a microkeratome vaccum ring to make a corneal flap, transient elevation of IOP alters the microcirculation of optic nerve head and may have precipitated visual field defect.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Optic Disk ; Scotoma ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields*

We studied 46 patients undergoing living donor nephrectomy for renal transplantation. After completion of tissue typing preoperative studies includedurinalysis and culture, creatinine clearance determination, IVP and renal arteriography. Patients characteristics, preoperative renal angiography, surgical approach, complications and follow-up were reviewed. The flank incision best provides exposure for removal of the kidney without traumatic hilar dissection. There was no mortality and morbidity was minimal. Donor nephrectomy is a worthwhile and safe procedure with an acceptably low incidence of postoperative complications.
Angiography ; Creatinine ; Follow-Up Studies ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Living Donors* ; Mortality ; Nephrectomy* ; Postoperative Complications ; Tissue Donors

We studied 46 patients undergoing living donor nephrectomy for renal transplantation. After completion of tissue typing preoperative studies includedurinalysis and culture, creatinine clearance determination, IVP and renal arteriography. Patients characteristics, preoperative renal angiography, surgical approach, complications and follow-up were reviewed. The flank incision best provides exposure for removal of the kidney without traumatic hilar dissection. There was no mortality and morbidity was minimal. Donor nephrectomy is a worthwhile and safe procedure with an acceptably low incidence of postoperative complications.
Angiography ; Creatinine ; Follow-Up Studies ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Living Donors* ; Mortality ; Nephrectomy* ; Postoperative Complications ; Tissue Donors