A study was performed to observe the sequential morphological change of the human placental barrier by means of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The examined placentas ranged in age from 4 weeks gestation to the full-term(40 weeks). Sixty seven placental specimens were obtained immediately after delivery. With the progression of gestation, the microvilli on the surface of syncytinum tended to be fewer, shorter and blunter. The syncytiotrophoblasts were getting thinner with formation of vasculo-syncytial membrane. The cytotrophoblasts formed a continuous layer which progressively disappeared but still present in the mature villi. In view of presence of intermediate cells and remnant of desmosomes, the cytotrophoblasts appeared to form the syncytiotrophoblasts. In early pregnancy, capillary formation took place by the aggregation and differentiation of the proliferation and aggregation of endothelial cells and pericytes. Myofibroblasts in villous stroma were examined by desmin immunohistochemical staining, and detected from 19 weeks to the full-term. During last period of pregancy definitive smooth muscle cells could be demonstrated, suggesting that the presence of myofibroblasts or smooth muscle cells are closely related to the placental maturity. Scanning electron microscopy of the early placenta showed numerous syncytial sprouts representing stages in the formation of new villi, but in the late period of gestation syncytial sprouts were diminished. It is concluded that the syncytiotrophoblast is originated from the cytotrophoblast in early pregnancy as the placental barrier is formulated. Moreover, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in villous stroma play important role in placental maturation.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

We performed this study to observe the effects of chronic administration of leuprolide acetate(potent synthetic LHRH analog) to the testicular histopathology of prostatic cancer patient and to the spermatogenesis in cryptochism treatment. Ten out of fifty healthy male rats whose body weight ranged 250-300gm were selected as a control group and the other forty as a study group. Two hundred micro-gram of leuprolide acetate was injected daily into the peritoneal cavity of study group, and ten rats were sacrificed at each first, second, third and sixth week, respectively. Then the changes of testicular weight and histopathological readings under light microscope of both control and study group were recorded and analyzed. The results of experimental data can be summarized as follows : 1. The average testicular weight of control group increased progressively until sixth week to 1. 1.43gm from the initial value of 1.26gm, while the weight of study group decreased to 0.96gm which was 67.1 % of age-matched control group. 2. There were almost no remarkable changes between both groups in terms of number, size and cellularity of seminiferous tubules. We observed the degenerative and regenerative changes simultaneously in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. During the first three weeks, degenerative changes took place while the regenerative changes started from the second week and have fully recovered at the sixth week. And, the number of spermatids and spermatozoa slightly decreased at the first week, but have recovered to normal value from the second week. 3. There were noticeable changes neither in the interstitium of testes except the minimal edema nor in terms of size and number of Leydig cell. The results using rats showed the discordance with those of human study of prostatic cancer patient. This conflict can be attributed to the functional differences of leuprolide action between two species, age of sacrificed rats and insufficiency of dose and time of administration. However, we can draw another conclusion that the leuprolide acetate is expected to have no significant adverse effects to the spermatogenesis in cryptorchism treatment.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Cryptorchidism ; Edema ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Leuprolide* ; Male* ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Rats* ; Reading ; Reference Values ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Spermatids ; Spermatocytes ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia ; Spermatozoa ; Testis

BACKGROUND: Cardiac hypertrophy is the compensatory response of the myocadium to increased workload. Compensatory mechanisms come into play when the hypertrophied heart can no longer accommodate the increased demand or persistent stimuli. Although it has been reported that the molecular changes in hypertrophied hearts that initially mediate enhanced function may contribute to the development of heart failure, the structural/biochemical/molecular basis for myocardial contractile failure is still obscure. This study was aimed to clarify the structural basis for relation between hypertrophy and failure. METHOD: Nine pairs of rabbits were sacrificed at 8,12,24,48 hours and 1,2,4,6,8 weeks after experiment aortic constriction. There hearts were studied with routine histopathology. Each heart was weighed and compared with total body weight. Multiple sections were embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5um, and stained with hematoxylin and cosin and Masson's trichrome and analysed. RESULTS: The heart weight to body weight ratio(g/Kg) increased progressively with time after aortic banding. Banding of the aorta in the rabbit resulted in multifocal areas of myofiber degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis through the wall of the left ventricle, in the papillary muscles of the left ventricle and in the left ventricular portions of the interventricular septum in rabbit of 6 and 8 weeks after aortic banding. By 4 weeks after banding, the foci of necrosis were not observed. CONCLUSION: There findings suggest that the increased necrosis, fibrosis in animals with cardiac hypertrophy induced by banding the aorta may play a role in progression to heart failure.
Animals ; Aorta ; Body Weight ; Cardiomegaly ; Constriction ; Fibrosis ; Heart Failure ; Heart Ventricles ; Heart* ; Hematoxylin ; Hypertrophy ; Necrosis* ; Papillary Muscles ; Paraffin ; Rabbits

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in human consist of dysplasia of various developmental stages and squamous cell carcinoma in situ of various types. These lesions can be diagnosed cytologically on cervico-vaginal smears, although the diagnostic reproducibility is limited. To obtain the objects morphologic distinction between normal squamous epithelial cell in different maturation, different stages of dysplastic cells and varieties of in situ carcinoma cells, Kontron IBAS-1 imaging analyzer was applied for the measurement of nuclear and cytoplasmic areas of each categorised cells. The followings are results obtained: 1) Nuclear and cytoplasmic areas of superfical (36.9 micrometer2, 2319.9 micrometer2) intermedicate (45.7 micrometer2, 2989.7 micrometer2) and parabasal cells (50.8 micrometer2, 432.7 micrometer2) of normal squamous epithelium origin are mostly distinctive between cell types. However, cytoplasmic areas of both superficial and intermediate cells and nuclear areas of both intermediate and parabasal cells are not significantly different. 2) Normal squamous cells and various dysplastic cells show obvious difference in their nuclear and cytoplasmic areas, while difference between cytoplasmic areas of both parabasal (432.7 micrometer2) and severe dysplastic cells (409.7 micrometer2) are not statistically significant. 3) No statistical difference is observed in between nuclear areas of both moderate dysplastic (112.3 micrometer2) and severe dysplastic cell (117.6 micrometer2). 4) Varieties of carcinoma in situ cells and severe dysplastic cells are in difference in their nuclear and cytoplastic areas, whereas nuclear areas from both in situ carcinoma cells (95.3 micrometer2) of large cell type and severe dysplasia (117.6 micrometer2) are not distinctive. The results lead the author to consider that the morphometric analysis for various parameters of cell constituents are of value in making objective distinction between cells from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in human.
Humans

No abstract available.
Antibody Formation* ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome*

No Abstract Available.
Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde*

Electron microscopic study of two malignant fibrous histiocytomas confirmed the presence of previously described tumor cells in the literature. In addition, there existed intermediate cells with morphologic features of both myofibroblasts and histiocytes, or both histiocytes and smooth muscle cells. Our result supported the idea that malignant fibrous histiocytoma may be derived from the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that differentiate primarily along a fibroblastic and histiocytic cells.

Ureteroscopic removal of stone is now an established technique for the management of ureteral stones and can be done under direct vision using flexible grasping forceps or stone baskets with increased safety and efficacy. A clinical study of our 35 cases of ureteroscopic removal of ureteral calculi was performed. Only one among 4 cases of mid and upper ureteral calculi and 27 among 31 cases of lower ureteral calculi were removed successfully. Therefore the overall success rate was 80 %(28 among 35 cases). Complications occurred in 6 cases : a case of ureteral avulsion, a case of ureteral separation, 2 cases of uncomplicated urinary tract infection and 2 cases of ureteral perforations. We conclude that ureteroscopic removal of ureteral stone under direct vision can be done safely and be the first choice of management for the lower ureteral surgical calculi, but the antegrade removal of stone through percutaneous nephrostomy tract may be preferable for the upper and mid ureteral calculi.
Calculi ; Hand Strength ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Surgical Instruments ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi ; Urinary Tract Infections

Larsen's syndrome is a very rare deformity, which is characterized by multiple congenital dislocations with a characteristic facial abnormality. The authors experienced a case of typical Larsen's syndrome that had saddle nose, hypertelorism, high-arched palate, dislocation of the hip joint, subluxation of the knee joint, dislocation of both radial heads, equinovarus deformities of both feet and winged scapulae of both shoulders. The dislocated left hip joint was reduced surgically and the result was excellent.
Clubfoot ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dislocations ; Foot ; Head ; Hip Joint ; Hypertelorism ; Knee Joint ; Nose ; Palate ; Scapula ; Shoulder

The onset of systemic scleroderma in the first. decade of lif occurs in less than 1.5% of instances. Systemic sclerodrma in childhood have been characterized by less severe visceral involvement and a benign course We report a boy, aged 7 years, with a history of Raynaid; phenomenon and dysphagia. He had a mask-like face, flexion contracture of hands and knee joints, digital pitting scars, ichthyosiform skin change on leg and hyperpigrnented induration on all extremities and trunk. Antinuclear antibodies were positive in nucleolar type and Scl-70 antiocy was also present. On radiologie study, the pattern of reflux esophagitis and resorption of the listal ends of all phalanges were nated. Histopathological findings were compatible with sclerodma. He was treated with Penicillamine-D and oral corticosteroic with good improvernent.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Deglutition Disorders ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; Extremities ; Hand ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Leg ; Male ; Scleroderma, Systemic* ; Skin