Little is known about the prevalence of naturally acquired IgG antibodies to the capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal IgG) in Korea. In the present study, we investigated transplacental transfer and age-related levels of pneumococcal IgG to provide background seroepidemiologic data for S. pneumoniae in Korea. One hundred thirty eight sera were assayed by ELISA for IgG to pneumococcal polysaccharide capsular serotypes 14 and 19, the predominant serotypes for under 15 yr of age in Korea. The subjects were divided into 7 subgroups according to age. The cord/maternal geometric mean titer of pneumococcal were 4.47+/-5.88/5.21 +/- 5.88 for serotype 14, and 4.68 +/- 5.55/6.55 +/- 6.92 for serotype 1 9 (mean +/- standard deviation, microg/mL). After birth, the geometric mean titers of pneumococcal IgG for serotypes 14 and 19 expressed in microg/mL were 1.18+/-2.12 and 1.41+/-2.17 in the 0-6 months group, 0.27+/-0.19 and 0.69+/-0.93 in 7-12 months, 0.21+/-0.22 and 0.64+/-1.32 in 1-2 yr, 0.69+/-0.78 and 2.65+/-2.46 in 3-6 yr, 2.52+/-2.72 and 8.29+/-4.24 in 7-10 yr, respectively. In conclusion, reduced transplacental transfer and very low serum concentrations of pneumococcal IgG may contribute to the susceptibility of neonates, infants, and young children to S. pneumoniae infection.
Age Factors ; Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism* ; Bacterial Capsules/immunology* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Human ; IgG/metabolism* ; IgG/blood ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange* ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology* ; Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to review the clinical use of transabdominal cervicoishmic cerclage to determine whether it is a valid alternative to transvaginal cerclage. Study design : A retrospective review was carried out of transabdominal cerclage patients at our hospital from Jan. 1999 to May. 2001. Analysis of the clinical use of transabdominal rather than the vaginal approach in some IIOC patients was performed and fetal outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS: Fifteen patients underwent transabdominal cerclages. The primary indication for transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage was failed transvaginal cerclage in 9 patients and anatomic unsuitability for transvaginal cerclage in 6 patients. Follow-up was conducted for all except one patient. All patients were successfully delivered of live babies by Cesarean section. Complications including blood loss requiring transfusion did not occur. However one baby died at postpartal 1 day because of congenital Tetralogy of Fallot. CONCLUSION: All patients had histories compatible with incompetent cervix requiring cerclage, and none were suitable candidates for vaginal cerclage. Our results and review of the literature confirm that Transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage has an important role to play for carefully selected patients.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Uterine Cervical Incompetence