No abstract available.
Thorax* ; Ventilators, Mechanical*

Most proximal humeral fractures respond satisfactory to simple conservative treatment. But operative treatment is recornmended in the cases that poor results are anticipated by prolonged immobilization, or because of the severe displacement and comminution. After Neer. in 1970, emphasized the need for operative treatment in displaced proximal humeral fractures, many papers reported better results with the operative management. Twenty five cases of displaced fractures and fracture dislocations of the proximal humerus treated at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Keimyung University with open reduction and internal fixation were analyzed clinically and radiologically. The following results were obtained. 1. The prevalent age distribution was the second snd third decades(average 42.6 years) and ratio of male and female was 2.1: 1. 2. In 10 of the 25 cases, wire loop was used for internal fixation, and the result was satisfactory in 8 cases. However, the disadvantage was difficulty in wire removal after bony union because the loop was buried in the callus or cortex. 3. Over-all results were excellent or satisfactory in 64% of 25 cases. There were 4 excellent and 1 satisfsctory in 5 cases of type Il fracture, 7 excellent, 2 satisfactory and 3 unsatisfactory in 12 cases of type III fracture, 1 excellent and 4 unsatisfactory in 5 cases of type 1V fracture, and 1 excellent, 1 unsatisfactory and 1 failure in 3 cases of fracture dislocation. 4. In 6 patients with four part lesions treated with open reduction and internal fixation and followed up for an average of 23 months(from 18 months to 3 years and 2 months), only one case of fracture dislocation revealed avascular necrosis with resorption of the head.
Age Distribution ; Bony Callus ; Dislocations ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Male ; Necrosis ; Shoulder Fractures

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Hemangioendothelioma* ; Lung* ; Mediastinum*

These studies were performed to identify the localization, and neuronal function of calcitonin gene-related peptide[CGRP] in the neural axis of rat stomach by retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical techniques. After injection of pseudorabies virus Bartha strain[PRV] as tracer between serosa and muscle layer of stomach, the rats were perfused and the brains were removed. PRV-immunoreactive cells were observed in central nucleus of amygdaloid, insular cortex, subfornical organ, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus, organum vasculosum of terminalis, suprachiasmatic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, K lliker-Fuse nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, locus ceruleus, A1 noradrenaline area, A5 noradrenaline area, area postrema, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus tractus solitarius and raphe nuclei. CGRP-immunoreactive cells are observed in insular cortex, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, parabrachial nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarisu, neucleus ambiguus, facial nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus and raphe nuclei. The dobule immunofluorescent study was carried out to examine the coexistence of CGRP and PRV in several nuclei : insular cortex, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus, later hypithalamic area, parabrachial nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius and raphe nuclei. At the results of double immunofluorescent study, we could not observe the double immunoreactive neurons CGRP and PRV in those nuclei but raphe nuclei. These results suggest that CGRP should not have a neural functions in the neurons in nuclei projecting to rat stomach except raphe nuclei.
Animals ; Area Postrema ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain* ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide* ; Calcitonin* ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid ; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral ; Locus Coeruleus ; Neurons ; Norepinephrine ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Raphe Nuclei ; Rats* ; Septal Nuclei ; Serous Membrane ; Solitary Nucleus ; Stomach ; Subfornical Organ ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ; Vagus Nerve

No abstract available.
Spondylolisthesis*

No abstract available.

The present study has been performed to investigate the neural axis of rat digastric muscle using viral tracer, pseudorabies virus. The upper nuclei to innervate digastric muscle were in accumbens nucleus, agran-ular insular cortex, central nucleus of amygaloid, lateral septal nucleus, frontal cortex, and subfornical organ etc, in telencephalon ; arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypot-halamic area, medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsomedial hypot-halamic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, and retrochiasmatic area etc, in diencephalon ; nucleus Darkschewitsch, interstitial nucleus of the medial logitudinal fasciculus, parabrachial nucleus, locus ceruleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, nucleus of posterior commissure, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and dorsal raphe nucleus etc, in mesencephalon ; giganto-cellular reticular nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe obscuous nucleus, nucleus of solitary tracts, lateral reticular nucleus, parvocellular reticular nucleus, area postrema, facial nucleus, pontine reticular nucleus, pontine nucleus of trigeminal nerve and spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve etc, in rhombencephalon. There are significant difference of numbers of PRV-Ba immunoreactive cells between right and left sides of brain in almost nuclei[P< 0.05]. But PRV-Ba immunoreactive cells were observed only ipsilaterally in accessory trigeminal motor nucleus, accessory facial nucleus and agranular insular cortex. Frontal cortex was the only area which were shown contralateral immunoreactivity. The results of this study provide anatomical support that both the cranial and caudal bellies are innervated by the same upper nuclei. The results also support the suggestion that the lower nuclei of digastric muscle, accessory trigeminal motor nucleus and accessory facial nucleus consist of somatotopic motor complex.
Animals ; Area Postrema ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Brain ; Diencephalon ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid ; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral ; Immunohistochemistry ; Locus Coeruleus ; Mesencephalon ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Raphe Nuclei ; Rats* ; Red Nucleus ; Rhombencephalon ; Septal Nuclei ; Subfornical Organ ; Substantia Nigra ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ; Telencephalon ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Trigeminal Nuclei

BACKGROUND: Recently, laparoscopic cholecystectomy becomes more favorite method than traditional open cholecystectomy. But postoperative pain control is still remaining problem. METHOD: Patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were assigned to two groups by simple randomization (15 patients per group). Group C (control) had no specific treatment and group B (bupivacaine) received 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 before surgery. Immediately after the creation of a pneumoperitoneum, the surgeon sprayed the bupivacaine near and above the operation field. Operation was started 10 minutes after then. We attempted to investigate that the degree of postoperative pain which was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the verbal rating scale (VRS) in the recovery room at postoperative 1 h., as well as the analgesic requirements during the first 24 h. postoperatively. RESULT: VRS of group B was significantly lower than group C (p<0.05), but VAS was not significantly different. Six patients in group B and only one in group C requested no analgesics. Group C had statistically more frequent request for analgesics than group B (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The topical intraperitoneal anesthesia of 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine 1 : 200,000 before laparoscopic cholecystectomy is effective on the postoperative pain control. So, we recommmend that this simple and effective management is routinely treated in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia* ; Bupivacaine* ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Random Allocation ; Recovery Room

PURPOSE: To investigate ocular complications that occur after orbital preservation surgery for paranasal malignancies and to identify the early clinical features of ophthalmic manifestations in paranasal malignancy patients. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical charts of patients following ophthalmic consultation after orbital preservation surgery for paranasal malignancies. We also investigated the early clinical features of ophthalmic manifestations in patients with paranasal malignancies. RESULTS: In our study, 54 patients had paranasal malignancies. Among them, 41 had undergone orbital preservation surgery, and 19 patients sought an ophthalmology consultation. There were seven patients who presented with eye symptoms caused by paranasal malignancies before the diagnosis. Paranasal malignancies included squamouscell carcinoma (13 cases), adenocarcinoma (3 cases), plasmocytoma (1 case), malignant schwannoma (1 case), and undifferentiated carcinoma (1 case). The locations of the origin of the tumor included the maxillary sinus (16 cases) and the ethmoid sinus (3 cases). The most common eye symptoms after orbital preservation surgery were enophthalmos, lid retraction, tearing, strabismus, inflammation, dry eyes, and cataracts, in order of frequency. Patients who visited the ophthalmic clinic due to paranasal malignancies had eye symptoms such as proptosis, nonspecific ocular pain, strabismus, tearing, eyelid swelling, and relative afferent pupillary defects, in order of frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular complications were more common if the paranasal malignancy had invaded the orbital bone. However, many of the patients with disease invasion of the periosteum had no nasal or ocular symptoms upon presentation. Therefore, these patients should be managed carefully since symptoms may initially be vague and nonspecific.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma ; Cataract ; Enophthalmos ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Exophthalmos ; Eye ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Maxillary Sinus ; Neurilemmoma ; Ophthalmology ; Orbit ; Periosteum ; Plasmacytoma ; Pupil Disorders ; Strabismus