No abstract available.
Thorax* ; Ventilators, Mechanical*

Most proximal humeral fractures respond satisfactory to simple conservative treatment. But operative treatment is recornmended in the cases that poor results are anticipated by prolonged immobilization, or because of the severe displacement and comminution. After Neer. in 1970, emphasized the need for operative treatment in displaced proximal humeral fractures, many papers reported better results with the operative management. Twenty five cases of displaced fractures and fracture dislocations of the proximal humerus treated at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Keimyung University with open reduction and internal fixation were analyzed clinically and radiologically. The following results were obtained. 1. The prevalent age distribution was the second snd third decades(average 42.6 years) and ratio of male and female was 2.1: 1. 2. In 10 of the 25 cases, wire loop was used for internal fixation, and the result was satisfactory in 8 cases. However, the disadvantage was difficulty in wire removal after bony union because the loop was buried in the callus or cortex. 3. Over-all results were excellent or satisfactory in 64% of 25 cases. There were 4 excellent and 1 satisfsctory in 5 cases of type Il fracture, 7 excellent, 2 satisfactory and 3 unsatisfactory in 12 cases of type III fracture, 1 excellent and 4 unsatisfactory in 5 cases of type 1V fracture, and 1 excellent, 1 unsatisfactory and 1 failure in 3 cases of fracture dislocation. 4. In 6 patients with four part lesions treated with open reduction and internal fixation and followed up for an average of 23 months(from 18 months to 3 years and 2 months), only one case of fracture dislocation revealed avascular necrosis with resorption of the head.
Age Distribution ; Bony Callus ; Dislocations ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Male ; Necrosis ; Shoulder Fractures

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Hemangioendothelioma* ; Lung* ; Mediastinum*

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female

The present study has been performed to investigate the neural axis of rat digastric muscle using viral tracer, pseudorabies virus. The upper nuclei to innervate digastric muscle were in accumbens nucleus, agran-ular insular cortex, central nucleus of amygaloid, lateral septal nucleus, frontal cortex, and subfornical organ etc, in telencephalon ; arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypot-halamic area, medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsomedial hypot-halamic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, and retrochiasmatic area etc, in diencephalon ; nucleus Darkschewitsch, interstitial nucleus of the medial logitudinal fasciculus, parabrachial nucleus, locus ceruleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, nucleus of posterior commissure, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and dorsal raphe nucleus etc, in mesencephalon ; giganto-cellular reticular nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe obscuous nucleus, nucleus of solitary tracts, lateral reticular nucleus, parvocellular reticular nucleus, area postrema, facial nucleus, pontine reticular nucleus, pontine nucleus of trigeminal nerve and spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve etc, in rhombencephalon. There are significant difference of numbers of PRV-Ba immunoreactive cells between right and left sides of brain in almost nuclei[P< 0.05]. But PRV-Ba immunoreactive cells were observed only ipsilaterally in accessory trigeminal motor nucleus, accessory facial nucleus and agranular insular cortex. Frontal cortex was the only area which were shown contralateral immunoreactivity. The results of this study provide anatomical support that both the cranial and caudal bellies are innervated by the same upper nuclei. The results also support the suggestion that the lower nuclei of digastric muscle, accessory trigeminal motor nucleus and accessory facial nucleus consist of somatotopic motor complex.
Animals ; Area Postrema ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Brain ; Diencephalon ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid ; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral ; Immunohistochemistry ; Locus Coeruleus ; Mesencephalon ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Raphe Nuclei ; Rats* ; Red Nucleus ; Rhombencephalon ; Septal Nuclei ; Subfornical Organ ; Substantia Nigra ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ; Telencephalon ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Trigeminal Nuclei

No abstract available.

These studies were performed to identify the localization, and neuronal function of calcitonin gene-related peptide[CGRP] in the neural axis of rat stomach by retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical techniques. After injection of pseudorabies virus Bartha strain[PRV] as tracer between serosa and muscle layer of stomach, the rats were perfused and the brains were removed. PRV-immunoreactive cells were observed in central nucleus of amygdaloid, insular cortex, subfornical organ, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus, organum vasculosum of terminalis, suprachiasmatic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, K lliker-Fuse nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, locus ceruleus, A1 noradrenaline area, A5 noradrenaline area, area postrema, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus tractus solitarius and raphe nuclei. CGRP-immunoreactive cells are observed in insular cortex, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, parabrachial nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarisu, neucleus ambiguus, facial nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus and raphe nuclei. The dobule immunofluorescent study was carried out to examine the coexistence of CGRP and PRV in several nuclei : insular cortex, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus, later hypithalamic area, parabrachial nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius and raphe nuclei. At the results of double immunofluorescent study, we could not observe the double immunoreactive neurons CGRP and PRV in those nuclei but raphe nuclei. These results suggest that CGRP should not have a neural functions in the neurons in nuclei projecting to rat stomach except raphe nuclei.
Animals ; Area Postrema ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain* ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide* ; Calcitonin* ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid ; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral ; Locus Coeruleus ; Neurons ; Norepinephrine ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Raphe Nuclei ; Rats* ; Septal Nuclei ; Serous Membrane ; Solitary Nucleus ; Stomach ; Subfornical Organ ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ; Vagus Nerve

No abstract available.
Spondylolisthesis*

The effects and interactions of pancuronium and vecuronium with diltiazem on the electri- cally-evoked twitch response, train-of-four and tetanic stimulation were studied in the isolated rat hemi-diaphragm preparation. Pancuronium(3 X 10(-7) -10(-5) M) and vecuronium(3 X 10(-6)-15 X 10(-6) M) decreased the electrically evoked(nerve stimulation, 0.1Hz, 0.5ms, 10V) twitch response, train-of-four and tetanus ratio in a dose-related fashion and pancuronium was more potent than vecuronium. The inhibitory effects of pancuronium and vecuronium were potentiated by pretreatment with 5 & 10 uM diltiazem, a Ca++-channel blocker, in which the concentration of diltiazem has no obvious effects on the twitch response itself. Furthermore, it is noteworth that the inhibitory effects of pancuronium and vecuronium were markedly potentiated by 150 uM hemicholinium pretreatment. In cases of the direct(muscle, 0.1 Hz, 5 ms, 10 V) stimulation, pancuronium and vecuronium decreased the electrically evoked twitch response dose dependently, but the amplitudes of inhibition were less than those in indirect(nerve) stimulation. The inhibitory effects were not affected by diltiazem pretreatment except low doses of vecuronium. On the basis of these findings, the result of the present study suggests that the muscle relaxation by pancuronium and vecuronium is mediated by pre- and post-junctional receptor blockade, and that diltiazem intensifies neuromuscular blockade produced by muscle relaxants. The potentiating effect of diltiazem may be due to blocking influx of calcium and/or release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Calcium ; Diltiazem* ; Hemicholinium 3 ; Muscle Relaxation ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pancuronium* ; Rats ; Tetanus ; Vecuronium Bromide*

The effects and interactions of pancuronium and vecuronium with diltiazem on the electri- cally-evoked twitch response, train-of-four and tetanic stimulation were studied in the isolated rat hemi-diaphragm preparation. Pancuronium(3 X 10(-7) -10(-5) M) and vecuronium(3 X 10(-6)-15 X 10(-6) M) decreased the electrically evoked(nerve stimulation, 0.1Hz, 0.5ms, 10V) twitch response, train-of-four and tetanus ratio in a dose-related fashion and pancuronium was more potent than vecuronium. The inhibitory effects of pancuronium and vecuronium were potentiated by pretreatment with 5 & 10 uM diltiazem, a Ca++-channel blocker, in which the concentration of diltiazem has no obvious effects on the twitch response itself. Furthermore, it is noteworth that the inhibitory effects of pancuronium and vecuronium were markedly potentiated by 150 uM hemicholinium pretreatment. In cases of the direct(muscle, 0.1 Hz, 5 ms, 10 V) stimulation, pancuronium and vecuronium decreased the electrically evoked twitch response dose dependently, but the amplitudes of inhibition were less than those in indirect(nerve) stimulation. The inhibitory effects were not affected by diltiazem pretreatment except low doses of vecuronium. On the basis of these findings, the result of the present study suggests that the muscle relaxation by pancuronium and vecuronium is mediated by pre- and post-junctional receptor blockade, and that diltiazem intensifies neuromuscular blockade produced by muscle relaxants. The potentiating effect of diltiazem may be due to blocking influx of calcium and/or release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Calcium ; Diltiazem* ; Hemicholinium 3 ; Muscle Relaxation ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pancuronium* ; Rats ; Tetanus ; Vecuronium Bromide*