OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the expressions, microvessel counts and angiogenic pathway of VEGF and PD-ECGF and proliferative activity of Ki-67 according to clinicopathologic feature of cervical tumor. METHODS: Two hundred three cervical specimens were evaluated; among these 20 were designated normal epithelium, 36 mild dysplasia, 28 moderate dysplasia, 36 severe dysplasia, 28 carcinoma in situ, 17 microinvasive carcinoma and 38 invasive cervical carcinoma (21 squamous cell carcinoma and 17 adenocarcinoma). Microvessel count was determined by immunohistochemical staining using anti-factor VIII-related monoclonal antibody. The expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and PD-ECGF (platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor) were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with anti-human VEGF monoclonal antibody and anti-dThdPase monoclonal antibody. The proliferative activity was examined using a Ki-67 equivalent monoclonal antibody (MIBl). RESULT: There was no statistical significance on microvessel count except invasive cancer comparing with mild dysplasia including normal tissue, but there was a little increase in microvessel counts according to severity of tumor. The intensity of VEGF and PD-ECGF expression was significantly correlated with severity of cervical tumor. And the microvessel density was significantly higher in the positive expression of VEGF and PD-ECGF than in the negative expression. The intensity of PD-ECGF expression in invasive adenocarcinoma was significantly lower in comparison with VEGF expression. The intensity of Ki-67 expression had no correlation with severity of cervical tumor and was significantly higher in moderate and severe dysplasia than in microinvasive and invasive carcinoma. Ki-67 expression had no statistical correlation with VEGF and PD-ECGF. CONCLUSION: The VEGF and PD-ECGF are important angiogenic factors and associated with progression of cervical tumor. The VEGF may be involved in the progressions of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, but the PD-ECGF may not be involved or be minimally involved in the progression of adenocareinoma. There seems to be a different angiogenic pathway pertaining to the histologic difference of cervical cancer. There was no difference of Ki-67 expression according to severity of cervical tumor.
Adenocarcinoma ; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Microvessels ; Thymidine Phosphorylase* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

A survey for nematode and cestode parasites of rodents in Korea has been carried out at the areas of Chulwon, Kumwha, Pochon, Paju and Chungpyong, Kyunggi-Do. A total of 300 rodents of seven species was examined, comprising of 219 A. agrarius, 33 R. norvegicus, 8 R. alexandrinus, 14 Mus musculus yamashinai, Microtus fortis pellceus, 21 Crocidura russula and a Cricetulus trition nester. The following fifteen species belonging to thirteen genera were identified: NEMATODA: Heterakis spumosa, Syphacia obvelata, Nippostrongylus muris, Protospirura muris, Capillaria hepatica, Capillaria sp., Heligmosomum sp., Heligmosomoides sp., Rictularia sp. and Gongylonema sp. CESTODA: Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, Raillietina coreensis, Paranoplocephala sp. and Cysticercus fasciolaris(the larva of Taenia taeniaeformis).
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-cestoda ; Heterakis spumosa ; Syphacia obvelata ; Nippostrongylus muris ; Protospirura muris ; Capillaria hepatica ; Capillaria sp. ; Heligmosomum sp. ; Cysticercus fasciolaris ; Taenia taeniaeformis ; epidemiology ; rodent

OBJECTIVES: We studied peritoneal fluid and serum LDH levels to identify patients with ovarian carcinoma and differentiate them from patients with benign ovarian tumor or other gynecological tumors. METHODS: From July 1998 to May 1999, peritoneal fluid and serum LDH, serum CA-125 levels were measured in 95 patients: 11 with ovarian carcinoma, 2 with borderline ovarian tumor, 45 with benign ovarian tumor, 2 with endometrial carcinoma, 21 with CIS, 7 with cervical cancer and 7 with uterine myoma. RESULTS: Peritoneal fluid LDH and serum LDH and CA-125 levels in ovarian cancer patients were significantly higher than those in patients with benign ovarian tumor and other gynecological tumors(p<0.05). Peritoneal fluid LDH demonstrated higher sensitivity(100%) and greater diagnostic efficiency(86%) than serum LDH(73% and 84%, respectively) or serum CA-125.(82% and 83%, respectively) CONCLUSION: Peritoneal fluid LDH, compared to serum LDH and serum CA-125, presented the greatest diagnostic efficiency in discriminating ovarian cancer from benign ovarian tumor and, therefore, it may be efficient as a biochemical marker in diagnosis of ovarian cancer, even in early stages of the disease.
Ascitic Fluid* ; Biomarkers ; Diagnosis ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Lactic Acid* ; Leiomyoma ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Pregnancy

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Desexualization Care guided by dramaturgical interaction on women's embarrassment during cervical cancer screening. METHOD: This study was carried out in a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized post-test only design. 62 women who had cervical cancer screening were conveniently recruited from a university hospital health promotion center. Embarrassment was measured under four distinctive sub-dimensions by the method of self-reported questionnaire and blood pressure and pulse rates monitoring. The data of control group had a conventional pap smear were collected in advance and then those of experimental group were gathered after completing data collection in the control group. Women in experimental group were provided with a newly developed cervical cancer screening programme in which interdisciplinary team conducted dramaturgical interaction. RESULT: There was no significant difference in the scores of VAS between the two groups. The score of physiological response of Embarrassment Measurement Scale was significantly lower in experimental group than in the control group (p<.05), while no significant difference was found in cognitive-emotional, non-verbal and verbal behavioral responses between the two groups. There was also no significant difference in blood pressure and pulse rates between the two groups during cervical screening. CONCLUSION: Desexualization Care guided by dramaturgical interaction during cervical screening was found to have positive effect on physiological response of women's embarrassment. Further research for identifying other main variables which might have influenced on women's embarrassment is needed.
Blood Pressure ; Data Collection ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* ; Verbal Behavior

From July 1997, Authors have reconstructed the posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) deficient knees with two graft tendons; an autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and a semitendinosus tendon. At Femoral side, the two graft tendons were fixed through the two tunnels which were made at the site of foot print of PCL. The original site of anterolateral bundle of the PCL was reconstructe(I with the autogenous BPTB and the original site of posteromedial bundle with the semitendinosus tendon. At tibial side, the two graft tendons were fixed by modified inlay technique; the BPTB was fixed with a cancellous screw and the semitendinosus tendon with staples. Seven cases were followed up more than six months and authors evaluated the results with the KT-1000TM arthrometer and the posterior stress radiographs by Telos stress dcvice and compared the resu]t of injured knee with the uninjured side of each patient. The results of manual maximal displacement test with arthrometer were less than 4 mm in six patients and 8 rnm in one patient at last follow up. The average distance of posterior displacement on stress radiographs was 10.3 mm preoperatively and 2.7 mm at final follow up period. Six of the seven patients had a good stability on posterior stress radiographs compared with the uninjured side. One patient had posterior knee insta- bility on stress radiographs due to loosening of the grafted tendon and retightening of the grafted tendon was performed through the posterior approach to the proximal tibia. The original idea of femoral dual tunnel method in PCL reconstructiori is to reconstruct the PCL more anatomically and the modified tibial inlay technique can solve the problern of graft tendon abrasion at the posterior opening of the tibial tunnel in transtibial tunnel method and retightening of the loose grafted tendon is simple than the other methods of PCL reconstruction. Authors expect that this combined femoral dual tun- nel and modified tibial inlay method may improve the quality of the outcome of the arthroscopic PCL reconstruction.
Arthroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Inlays* ; Knee ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Tendons* ; Tibia ; Transplants*

The induction agents produce various effects to cardiovascular system. Among these, thio- pental, propofol, and etomidate produce reduction in cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. As a result severe systemic arterial hypotension is evoked. This phenomenon results from combined effects of CNS, cardiovascular and peripheral vascular systems. The purpose of this study was to obeserve direct effects of thiopental, propofol, etomidate in isolated rat aorta and pulmonary artery. Isometric tension was recorded in rat aortic and pulmonary artery ring preparation contracted by norepinephrine(1.8x10-6) . Thereafter thiopental, etomidate, propofol was added to organ bath. And the contractile or relaxing response was observed. Thiopental relaxed aortic ring by 3.6+/-1.3%(low dose), 3.9+/-1.4%(high dose), etomidate relaxed aortic ring by 2.0+/-0.7%(low dose), 5.4+/-2.8% (high dose), respectively. It was statistically insignificant. However, propofol relaxed aortic ring by 12.7+/-3.8%(low dose), 14.7+/-2.7%(high dose), respectively(p <0.05). Thiopental relaxed pulmonary artery ring by 4.8+/-1.1%(low dose), 5.1+/-2.3%(high dose), etomidate relaxed pulmonary artery ring by 4.8+/-1.1%(low dose), 5.1+/-2.3%(high dose), respectively. It was statistically insignificant. However, propofol relaxed pulmonary artery ring by 8.4+/-2.4%(low dose), 10.4+/-3.6(high dose), respectively( p<0.05). The results suggest that hypotension after propofol administration was due to direct vascular smooth muscle relaxation.
Animals ; Aorta* ; Baths ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiovascular System ; Etomidate* ; Hypotension ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Propofol* ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Thiopental* ; Vascular Resistance

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to complete delivery during daytime through rapid and safe management with oral prostaglandin plus oxytocin, and to reduce the duration of induced labor, hospital stay and dispersion of human power. METHODS: Ninety pregnancies requiring induction of labor between December 1998 and July 1999 were analyzed prospectively. Patients were assigned to receive either oral PGE2 or oral PGE1. In one group, labor induction was performed with 0.5 mg of oral PGE2 (group 1, n=46), was orally taken every one hour since 06:00 AM to 09:00 AM and intravenous oxytocin infusion (The beginning dose was 2 mU/min, the dose increased by 2 mU/30 min) beginning at 09:00 AM, and in the other group (group 2, n=44), 100 microgram of PGE1 was orally taken at 11:00 PM the day before oxytocin infusion was commenced at 07:00 AM. If there was uterine contraction of more than 200 Montevideo units, intravenous oxytocin would not be given. RESULTS: The mean time (+/-standard deviation) to active phase labor (cervical dilatation more than 3 cm and uterine contraction more than 200 Montevideo units) with PGE2 group was 335.16+/-157.89 minutes versus 534.16+/-211.79 minutes with PGE1 group (P<0.001). The mean time from active phase to birth was 182.8+/-93 minutes in group 1 versus 236.4+/-88.8 minutes (P<0.001). These significances were due to the difference of time interval from taking prostaglandins to infusion of oxytocin between the two groups. The time zone of expected delivery was 13:28 PM to 15:48 PM and 10:22 AM to 13:18 PM (Confidence Interval 95%). The induction failure rates were 10.87% versus 9.09%. The induction failure rate was significantly different according to Bishop score (if <4, 15.3% versus if >or= 4, 0%) and the cesarean section rate was also (if < 4, 40.7% versus if >or= 4, 19.4%) in the two groups (P<0.05). There were no clinical or statistical differences in demographic data, clinical characteristics, maternal outcomes and complications, and neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: Both may be proper methods of inducing delivery during daytime and begun at outpatient office base.
Alprostadil ; Cesarean Section ; Dilatation ; Dinoprostone* ; Female ; Humans ; Labor, Induced ; Length of Stay ; Outpatients ; Oxytocin* ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Prostaglandins ; Uterine Contraction

BACKGROUND: The 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor is a member of the Cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) and modulated by pharmacologic relevant concentrations of volatile anesthetics or n-alcohols like most receptors of LGICs. The goal of this study was to reveal whether the site-directed single mutations of E-106, F-107 and R-222 in 5-HT3 receptor may affect the anesthetic modulation of halothane known as positive modulator. METHODS: The wild-type and mutant receptors, E106D, F107Y, R222F, R222V, were expressed in Xenopus Laevis oocytes and receptor function was assessed using two electrode voltage clamp techniques. RESULTS: E106D, F107Y, R222F, R222V mutant 5-HT3A receptors were functionally expressed. F107Y mutant 5-HT3A receptors displayed decreased sensitivity to 5-HT compared to the wild type 5-HT3A receptor (P < 0.05). Halothane showed positive modulation in both wild and F107Y mutant 5-HT3A receptors but F107Y mutant 5-HT3 receptor showed greater enhancing modulation comparing to wild-type receptor. Meanwhile, R222F and R222V mutant 5-HT3 receptor lost positive modulation with 1 and 2 MAC of halothane. Most interestingly, positive modulation by halothane was converted into negative modulation in E106D mutant 5-HT3A receptor. CONCLUSIONS: The present study implicate the amino acid residues known for agonist binding and linking agonist binding to channel gating might also have important role for anesthetic modulation in 5-HT3A receptor.
Anesthetics ; Electrodes ; Electrophysiology ; Halothane ; Ligand-Gated Ion Channels ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 ; Serotonin ; Xenopus laevis

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a life-threatening emergency requiring prompt treatment. In these cases, a patient cannot ventilate effectively and oliguria can occur because of the high intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). The mortality rate is very high. Treatment is abdominal decompression and secondary closure. There are very few reports of the anesthetic management of a patient with ACS. We report a 38-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with ACS at the operating room. The IAP was measured and emergency abdominal decompression and "Bogota bag" apply were performed. The respiratory and hemodynamic parameters improved after this treatment.
Adult ; Emergencies ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Hypertension* ; Lower Body Negative Pressure ; Male ; Mortality ; Oliguria ; Operating Rooms