No abstract available.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Radiosurgery*

Septoplasty is one of the most commonly performed operations in Otolaryngology. It is often considered an easy operation. Yet it is still accompanied by a relatively high rate of failure and complications. It is definitely not an operation in which one surgical technique can suffice for all circumstances. Rather it requires a variety of techniques in accordance to the various septal pathologies in order to achieve a favorable outcome. This study provides a comprehensive review of septoplasty including current concepts, historical background, classification, updated surgical techniques, and management of complications. In particular, the surgical techniques that ensure a successful correction and minimal complications are highlighted.
Dietary Sucrose ; Nasal Septum ; Otolaryngology

Obstructive sleep apnea is a manifestation of upper airway instability leading to upper airway collapse during sleep. Current diagnostic testing with polysomnography provides information regarding the number of apneas and hypopneas but does not provide any information regarding the level of pharyngeal narrowing or collapse. The identification of the site of obstruction is essential in choosing the appropriate treatment, especially when surgical intervention is considered. In this review we present contemporary methods for localizing obstructive sites with emphasis on two promising airway evaluation modalities. Sleep videofluoroscopy and sleep en-doscopy. Further understanding of the obstructive events occurring during sleep with precise evaluation of the sites of obstruction will eventually guide tailored surgical treatment with improved surgical outcomes.
Apnea ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Snoring

Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) is an uncommon skin eruption and characterized histopathologically by the presence of granulomatous inflammation with or without leukocytoclastic vasculitis. PNGD is known to be associated with various immune-mediated connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. However, to our knowledge, a case of PNGD in a patient with Behçet’s disease is extremely rare and only one case has been reported in foreign literature to date. Herein, we report an unusual case of a 60-year-old female with Behçet’s disease who presented multiple erythematous to flesh-colored papules on the extremities, buttocks, and ear lobes and was diagnosed with PNGD. After the treatment of systemic corticosteroids, colchicine and azathioprine, the skin lesions and oral ulcers improved. The patient is under observation without recurrence of skin lesions for 6 months.

Osteoradionecrosis of the skull base (SB-ORN) is a serious potentially lethal complication after radiotherapy in the head and neck region and is therefore considered one of the most challenging clinical entities among skull base lesions. Management options includes nasal irrigation, medications such as systemic antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and surgical debridement. Despite these efforts treatment outcomes are associated with a poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown an increased disease control rate with a more aggressive surgical approach including sequestrectomy. One of the main factors associated with poor prognosis is involvement of the internal carotid artery near the skull base. Spontaneous carotid rupture is frequently associated with death and/or severe morbidity and also poses risk of profuse bleeding during surgery. In this article we will deliver a comprehensive review of SB-ORN, including pathophysiology, clinical features, and an update in treatment strategy.

Nasal valve dysfunction can substantially impact nasal airflow and overall quality of life. This review provides a comprehensive examination of nasal valve dysfunction, including its mechanisms, classification, and surgical management. The nasal valves include internal and external valves, each of which plays a crucial role in regulating nasal airflow. Subclassification of the external nasal valve into alar and rim valves helps specify the site of obstruction when present and informs the choice of surgical intervention. Dynamic nasal valve obstruction, often characterized by inspiratory collapse of the nasal valve, must be distinguished from static obstruction, which refers to nasal valve stenosis. Accurate identification of the location and mechanism of nasal valve dysfunction is essential for effective management. Various surgical procedures target specific components of the nasal valve and can produce favorable functional outcomes. The selection of surgical procedures, whether individually or in combination, should be tailored to the characteristics of nasal valve dysfunction and the external nasal characteristics of the patient. Strict adherence to proper surgical techniques is imperative for achieving optimal treatment outcomes.

Shunt malfunctions that require surgical intervention during pregnancy and the postpartum period are rare. Furthermore, no study has reported on an acute shunt malfunction immediately after cesarean section. Here, we describe the case of a 32-yr-old woman who became drowsy 12 hr after cesarean section delivery of her second child. She had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placed to treat hydrocephalus associated with meningitis at 26 yr of age. Marked ventriculomegaly was seen on brain computed tomography and her consciousness recovered temporarily after aspirating cerebrospinal fluid from the flushing device. At surgery, the distal catheter tip was plugged by a blood clot. We believe that the blood spilled over during the cesarean section. The clogged catheter end was simply cut off and the remaining catheter was repositioned in the peritoneal cavity. Her consciousness recovered fully.
Adult ; *Cesarean Section ; *Equipment Failure ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus/etiology/surgery ; Meningitis/complications ; Pregnancy ; *Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects/instrumentation

Since sclerosing hemangioma of the lung was first described by Liebow and Hubbell in 1956, there have been several reports on cases occurring as a solitary nodule; however, sclerosing hemangiomas occurring as multiple nodules are extremely rare. The histogenesis of this tumor remains controversial and there are several hypotheses of the etiology. Three separate nodules were found in a 57-year-old housewife, one found in the right middle lobe, one in the apicoposterior segment of the left upper lobe, and one in the superior segment of the left lower lobe. The only symptom or sign presented was a dry cough. Apicoposterior segmentectomy of the left upper lobe and wedge resection of the superior segment of the left lower lobe were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the postoperative 15th day.
Cough ; Hemangioma ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma

Pseudo-inflammatory tumors are also known as plasma cell granuloma, inflammatory pseudo-tumor and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and these tumors are a group of highly variable proliferations of myofibroblastic cells that are associated with a prominent inflammatory infiltrate. This tumor is known to most commonly occur in the lungs, bladder and gastrointestinal system with only a few cases having been reported in the skin. A previously healthy 26-year-old man presented with a 6-year history of an intermittently pruritic lesion on his back. On the histologic examination, there were spindle cells in fascicles and a mixed inflammatory cellular infiltrate of plasma cells and lymphocytes. A diagnosis of inflammatory fibroblastic tumor was made and the nodule was surgically removed. We report here on an additional case of this rare cutaneous entity, and it is probably the first such report from Korea.
Adult ; Fibroblasts ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Myofibroblasts ; Plasma Cells ; Skin ; Urinary Bladder

Sclerotic fibroma is a rare skin neoplasm that can occur seen sporadically or in association with Cowden's disease. Clinically, it presents as asymptomatic flesh-colored or pinkish slow-growing papules or nodules with a wide anatomical distribution. We report a rare case of pedunculated type of sclerotic fibroma resembling soft fibroma, which has not been reported in Korea.
Fibroma ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple ; Korea ; Skin Neoplasms