Objective To explore the impact of duration of catheter on incidences of PUR,UTI and reinserting catheter following LAVH,in order to determine the best time for withdrawing catheter.Methods 139 patients in keeping with the selected criteria were randomly divided into the non-catheter group,indwelling one-day and two-day group.The incidences of PUR,UTI and reinserting catheter were analyzed.Results There was significant difference in PUR and UTI among the three groups,and no difference was seen in reinserting catheter among them.Conclusions The catheter should be withdrawn as early as possible to prevent UTI.

This study investigated the ability of millimeter-wave (MMW) to promote the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into cells with a neural phenotype. The BMSCs were primarily cultured. At passage 3, the cells were induced by beta-mercaptoethanol (BME) in combination with MMW or BME alone. The expressions of nucleostemin (NS) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were detected by immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting respectively to identify the differentiation. The untreated BMSCs predominately expressed NS. After induced by BME and MMW, the BMSCs exhibited a dramatic decrease in NS expression and increase in NSE expression. The differentiation rate of the cells treated with BME and MMW in combination was significantly higher than that of the cells treated with BME alone (P<0.05). It was concluded that MMW exposure enhanced the inducing effect of BME on the differentiation of BMSCs into cells with a neural phenotype.

Objective:To analyze the molecular characteristics of Echovirus 11 (Echo11) strains isolated in Xiangyang, Hubei Province from 2016 to 2017 based on the sequences of VP1 gene.Methods:Rectal and throat swab specimens were collected from children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xiangyang from 2016 to 2017. Echo11 strains were detected by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and isolated after cultured in human rhabdosarcoma (RD) cells. The VP1 regions of Echo11 strains isolated from RD cells and the whole genomes of three representative Echo11 strains were amplified by conventional RT-PCR and the sequences were analyzed. DNAStar7.0 (MegAlign) and MEGA6.0 (Data) were used to analyze the homology and mutation sites in nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Neighbor-joining method was used to construct phylogenetic trees. Recombination analysis was performed with SimPlot software (BootScanning).Results:A total of 11 Echo11 strains were isolated from 3 494 HFMD cases, accounting for 0.31%. They were highly homologous in the VP1 gene. These strains shared 98.4%-100.0% homology in nucleotide sequences and 98.3%-100.0% homology in amino acid sequences. The homology between the 11 Echo11 strains and the prototype strain (Echo11/Gregory, X80059) was 73.9%-74.8% in nucleotide sequences and 87.7%-88.7% in amino acid sequences. All of the Echo11 strains circulating in Xiangyang were classified into lineage D, having a similarity to the strains circulating in some regions of mainland China since 2013. In multiple regions of the genome, the Echo11 strains isolated in Xiangyang were highly similar to the Henan Echo1 strains in 2010 and the Hubei Echo6 strains in 2015, suggesting there was recombination within the genome of Echo11 strains in Xiangyang.Conclusions:The Echo11 strains circulating in Xiangyang from 2016 to 2017 belonged to lineage D and were recombinant strains.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of daily temperature on hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in children under 5 years old in Jingzhou city. Methods: HFMD incidence data and meteorological data in Jingzhou city were obtained during 2010 and 2017. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was utilized to investigate the impact of daily temperature on HFMD incidence among children under 5 years old adjusting for potential confounders of other meteorological factors, secular trend, weekdays and holidays. Results: A total of 47 525 cases were reported during 2010 to 2017, of which the ratio of male to female was 1.52. Children under 1 year old, 1-<3 years old, 3-5 years old accounted for 9.72%, 62.10%, and 28.18% of the total cases, respectively. Children cared at home and children care in kindergarten accounted for 73.29% and 26.71% of the total cases, respectively. The relationship between the temperature and the daily cases of HFMD in children under five years old was a ‘M’ pattern. Compared with a reference temperature (the 50 th percentile of average temperature during the study period, P 50), the maximum value of effect at 8.21 ℃ and 25.81 ℃ were 1.53(95%CI=1.33-1.76) and 1.47(95%CI=1.31-1.65). Higher temperatures (such as 25.81 ℃ in this paper) showed a long lag effect on the HFMD incidence compared with lower temperatures (such as 8.21 ℃). Subgroup analyses indicated that children aged 3-5 years (children who attended daycare) were more vulnerable to the effects of temperature changes on HFMD than those under 1 year old and 1-<3-year-old (cared at home). Conclusion The temperature has a significant impact on the HFMD incidence among children under five years old in Jingzhou. Daycare centers is the key place for prevention and control of HFMD.

t of the cells treated with BME alone (P<0.05). It was concluded that MMW exposure enhanced the induc-ing effect of BME on the differentiation of BMSCs into cells with a neural phenotype.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics and periodicity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of HFRS in Jingzhou City.Methods:Retrospective analysis was used to collect HFRS case data and population data of Jingzhou City and 8 counties (cities, districts) within its jurisdiction, including Shashi District, Jingzhou District, Gongan County, Jianli City, Jiangling County, Shishou City, Honghu City, and Songzi City from 1962 to 2020, from the Archives of the Jingzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System of the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System; and the epidemic characteristics of HFRS was analyzed in Jingzhou City and 8 counties (cities, districts) within its jurisdiction. The periodicity of HFRS onset was determined using wavelet analysis.Results:From 1962 to 2020, 18 936 HFRS cases were reported in Jingzhou City, with an average incidence rate of 5.95/100 000. There were a total of three epidemic peaks, namely from 1972 to 1973 (24.82/100 000, 24.84/100 000), 1983 (60.08/100 000), and 1995 (14.57/100 000). According to different regions, the high incidence areas of HFRS showed a phased transfer trend: from the 1960s to the 1970s, the Jiangbei area (Honghu City, Jianli City) was the highest incidence area; in the 1980s and 1990s, the high incidence areas were transferred to Jiangnan area (Songzi City, Shishou City, and Gongan County); after 2005, high incidence areas were relocated to Jiangbei area (Honghu City, Jianli City, Jiangling County). The wavelet analysis results showed that there were 12.30 and 21.77 years of HFRS epidemic cycles in Jingzhou City before 2000 ( P < 0.05); among them, the periodicity of Shashi District, Gongan County, Jiangling County, Shishou City, and Honghu City was relatively consistent with that of Jingzhou City, with epidemic cycles of about 12 or 22 years ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Jingzhou City is currently at the peak of a 22-year epidemic cycle of HFRS, with Jiangbei area as the high incidence areas. The 12-year epidemic cycle in Jingzhou City has ended after 2000.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics of brucellosis in China from 2004 to 2018, in order to understand the development trend of brucellosis.Methods:The surveillance data of brucellosis in China from 2004 to 2018 were collected from National Public Health Science Data Center. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the trend of brucellosis incidence in China and various provinces. Overall trends were estimated by the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Seasonal and trend decomposition using loess (STL) was used to analyze the seasonal characteristics of brucellosis in China and various provinces. The age-related thermodynamic diagram of incidence rate was used to analyze the characteristics of age-onset changes.Results:From 2004 to 2018, a total of 524 980 brucellosis cases and 16 deaths were reported nationwide, with a incidence rate of 2.61/100 000 and a case fatality rate of (3.05 × 10 -3)%. The incidence of brucellosis in China was on the rise (AAPC = 11.58%, 95% CI: 7.91% - 15.25%, P < 0.001). There was no significant trend of change in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces ( P > 0.05). Tibet Autonomous Region showed a downward trend (AAPC = - 55.19%, P < 0.001). All other provinces were showing an upward trend (AAPC > 0, P < 0.05). The peak incidence in China occurred from April to June. In terms of provinces, the peak incidence in Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Fujian and Anhui provinces occurred from April to August, the peak incidence in Chongqing and Shanghai cities occurred from June to August, and the peak incidence in other provinces was generally from April to June. There were reports of brucellosis cases in all age groups nationwide, and the age distribution showed an inverted "V" shape. The peak incidence occurred in the 50 - 54 years old (5.43/100 000), followed by the 60 - 64 years old (4.94/100 000). From 2004 to 2018, the top 3 age groups of incidence rate changed from 40 - 44, 50 - 54 and 35 - 39 years old in 2004 to 50 - 54, 60 - 64 and 55 - 59 years old in 2018. Conclusions:The incidence of brucellosis is on the rise nationwide and in most provinces from 2004 to 2018. The high incidence age is gradually changing to the elderly population.

Objective:To learn about the age, period, birth cohort characteristics, and incidence trends of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) nationwide.Methods:HFRS monitoring data from 2004 to 2018 were collected from the National Public Health Science Data Center (https://www.phsciencedata.cn/). The trend of incidence rate of HFRS was analyzed by joinpoint regression, and the linear trend was estimated by annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC). Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) analysis of the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on HFRS cases was conducted, with age, period, and birth cohort used as reference for the 40 - 44 age group, 2011, and 1968, respectively, the RR and 95% CI were calculated. Results:From 2004 to 2018, a total of 190 197 HFRS cases were reported nationwide, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.95/100 000. Among them, the highest incidence rate of HFRS was 1.93/100 000 in 2004. Since 2007, it had continued to fluctuate below 1.00/100 000, ranging from 0.66/100 000 to 0.99/100 000. Joinpoint regression fitting results showed that the overall incidence of HFRS in China was declining (AAPC = - 7.33%, 95% CI: - 8.07% - - 6.58%, P < 0.001); the APCs from 2004 to 2007, 2007 to 2009, and 2012 to 2016 were - 32.00%, - 8.74%, and - 9.02%, respectively, all showed a downward trend( P < 0.05); the APCs from 2009 to 2012 and from 2016 to 2018 were 14.69% and 11.38%, respectively, both showed an upward trend ( P < 0.05). HFRS cases were reported in all age groups, and the reported incidence rate showed a unimodal distribution with age. Among them, the highest incidence rate was in the 50 - 54 age group (1.75/100 000), and the lowest incidence rate was in the 0 - 4 age group (0.03/100 000); the proportion of cases in the age group of 60 years and above increased from 9.75% in 2004 to 25.90% in 2018, showed an increasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 9 210.90, P<0.001). The analysis results of the BAPC model showed that in the age effect analysis, compared with the reference age group, there was no significant difference in the incidence risk among the age groups of 15 - 79 years old ( P > 0.05), while the incidence risk was lower in the age groups of 14 years old and below, and 80 years old and above ( RR < 1, P < 0.05). In the analysis of period effects, compared with the reference year, the incidence risk was higher from 2004 to 2006 and from 2012 to 2014 ( RR > 1 , P < 0.05), and lower from 2008 to 2010 and from 2017 to 2018 ( RR < 1, P < 0.05); the overall trend was consistent with the descriptive analysis of onset period. In the analysis of birth cohort effect, compared with the reference cohort, the population born between 1920 - 1935 and 1970 - 2018 had lower incidence risk ( RR < 1, P < 0.05); but the risk of disease in the population born after 2003 showed an upward trend. Conclusions:The HFRS epidemic in China has decreased from 2004 to 2018, but the downward trend in recent years is not significant. The incidence risk has increased among people born after 2003. The population aged 60 and above is a key group for further controlling the HFRS epidemic in China.

Objective To compare the prediction effect of combined model and single model in HFRS incidence fitting and prediction, and to provide a reference for optimizing HFRS prediction model. Methods The province with the highest incidence in China (Heilongjiang Province) in recent years was selected as the research site. The monthly incidence data of HFRS in Heilongjiang Province from 2004 to 2017 were collected. The data from 2004 to 2016 was used as training data, and the data from January to December 2017 was used as test data. The training data was used to train SARIMA , ETS and NNAR models, respectively. The reciprocal variance method and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) were used to calculate the model coefficients of SARIMA, ETS and NNAR, respectively, to construct combined model A and combined model B. The established models were used to predict the incidence of HFRS from January to December 2017. The fitted and predicted values of the five models were compared with the training data and test data, respectively. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Standard Deviation (RMSE), and Mean Error Rate (MER) were used to evaluate the model fitting and prediction effects. Results The optimal SARIMA model was SARIMA(1,0,2)(2,1,1)₁₂. The optimal ETS model was ETS(M, N, M), and the smoothing parameter =0.738，=1*10. The optimal NNAR model was NNAR(13,1,7)₁₂. The residuals of the three single models were white noise (P>0.05). The expression of combined model A was ŷ=0.134*y_SARIMA+0.162*y_ETS+0.704*y_NNAR; the expression of combined model B was ŷ=0.246*y_SARIMA+0.435*y_ETS+0.319*y_NNAR. The MAPE, MAE, RMSE, and MER fitted by SARIMA, ETS, NNAR, combined model A and combined model B were 24.10%, 0.11, 0.17, 23.29%; 17.14%, 0.08, 0.14, 17.96%; 6.33%, 0.02, 0.03, 4.25%; 9.03%, 0.03, 0.05, 7.51%; 13.16%, 0.06, 0.09, 12.33%, respectively. The MAPE, MAE, RMSE, and MER predicted by the five models were 18.70%, 0.05, 0.06, 19.62%; 23.83%, 0.06, 0.07, 24.49%; 28.30%, 0.07, 0.10, 29.21%; 21.69%, 0.06, 0.08, 22.63%; 17.39%, 0.05, 0.07, 18.76%, respectively. Conclusion The fitting and prediction effects of the combined models are better than the single models. The combined model based on PSO to calculate the weight of the single model is the optimal model.

Objective To explore the progress and prospect of preventive, predictive, personalized and participatory (4P) medicine in China in order to promote the ^“4P^” medicine and provide reference for the government and medical institutions to strengthen health management. Methods An in-depth analysis and review of the ^“4P^” medical service model was conducted through literature review. The prospect of the future development of the ^“4P^” medicine was discussed. Results In recent years, with the advancement of human health concepts and the completion of the genome project, the human healthcare model has been gradually shifting to the ^“4P^” medical service model, namely preventive-predictive-personalized-participatory integrated medicine. It can be seen that modern medical model has been in the process of continuous transformation, which is more human-oriented and emphasizes people^’s initiative. Conclusions With the widespread and understanding of the ^“4P^” medicine among healthcare workers, the value of the “4P” medicine in public health and clinical practice has been continuously proven.