Objective To investigate the relationship between electrolyte level change with prognosis in the patients with craniocerebral injury.Methods A total of 360 patients with craniocerebral injury in this hospital during 2012-2015 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the mild craniocerebral injury group (171 cases),moderate craniocerebral injury group(104 cases)and severe craniocerebral injury group(85 cases) according to the Glasgow coma scale.The severe craniocerebral injury group was further divided into the high level blood sodium subgroup(73 cases)and stable level blood sodium subgroup(12 cases)according to the lev-el of blood sodium,meanwhile 70 persons undergoing healthy physical examination were selected as the control group.The plasma electrolyte levels(blood sodium,potassium,chloride)in each group were detected within 5 d after admission.Then the results were statistically analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the blood sodium,potassium and chloride levels had no statistical difference between the mild and moderate craniocerebral injury groups(P>0.05).The blood sodium and chloride levels in the severe craniocerebral inju-ry group were higher than those in the mild and moderate craniocerebral injury groups,the difference was sta-tistically significant(P<0.01).The blood potassium level had no statistical difference between the mild,mod-erate and severe craniocerebral injury groups with control group(P>0.05).In the severe craniocerebral injury group,there were 58 cases(79.45%)of death in the high level blood sodium subgroup and 4 cases(33.33%) of death in the stable level blood sodium subgroup,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Con-clusion Clinically monitoring the blood sodium level change in the patients with craniocerebral injury,espe-cially severe craniocerebral injury,is conducive to the disease recovery.

This paper aimed at studying the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) with different molecular weights on the transdermal absorption and retention of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the isolated skin of SD rats. Franz diffusion cell method was used to investigate the effects with different molecular weights HA on the in vitro transdermal penetration of GSH and the storage in different layers of the skin. AutoDock molecular docking was used to study the interaction between GSH and HA. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and H&E section staining were used to characterize the changes and effects of lipids and proteins in the rat stratum corneum after HA acts on the skin. The results of in vitro transdermal experiments showed that HA with different molecular weights had a significant impact on the amount of GSH passing through the skin, that as the molecular weight of HA increased, the effect of preventing GSH from passing through the skin became stronger, that in terms of skin storage, HA with different molecular weights could increase the storage of GSH in the stratum corneum, and that HA with a molecular weight below 7K could also significantly increase the storage of GSH in the dermis. The molecular docking results showed that HA and GSH had a relatively strong interaction, which could form intermolecular hydrogen bonds; and the results of ATR-FTIR and H&E staining showed that HA could interact with lipids and keratins in the stratum corneum of the skin. Such interaction can increase the permeability of the stratum corneum of the drug, however, as a water-soluble GSH, it may be involved in the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds with HA. In the structure of HA hydrogel, the amount of GSH drug passing through the intact skin is reduced; but at the same time, this interaction also provides a reservoir for the formation of GSH, thus increasing its storage in the skin. Through comparison of the storage capacity of GSH in the stratum corneum and dermis of the isolated skin due to the increase of HA with different molecular weights, it has been found that the storage capacity of HA with low relative molecular weight is the best.

BACKGROUND:Increasing autologous stem cellmobilization is conceived to achieve effectively repair of cardiac ischemic injury. Therefore, it is important to seek a specific and effective mobilization agent. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellmobilization in myocardial infarction. METHODS:Left anterior descending artery was ligated to establish a rat model of acute myocardial infarction in 90 outbreeding Sprague-Dawley rats, and then the models were randomly divided into three groups. In HIF-1α-antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) group, HIF-1α-ASODN was infused into the tail vein to restrain the expression of HIF-1αin infarcted ischemic tissue. In HIF-1α-missense oligonucleotide (MSODN) group or control group, an equal volume of HIF-1α-MSODN or saline was injected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 30 hours and 7 days of modeling, the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the peripheral blood of the control group were similar to the HIF-1α-MSODN group, but significantly higher than the HIF-1α-ASODN group. After 7 days of modeling, the expressions of HIF-1αprotein, vascular endothelial growth factor protein and mRNA in the ischemic myocardial tissues of the control group were similar to the HIF-1α-MSODN group, but significantly higher than the HIF-1α-ASODN group. After 7, 14 and 28 days of modeling, the capil ary density in the ischemic myocardial tissues of the control group was similar to the HIF-1α-MSODN group, but significantly higher than the HIF-1α-ASODN group. These findings indicate that after acute myocardial infarction, high expression of HIF-1αexhibits a causal relationship with mobilization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, initiating a series of self-healing process of myocardial tissues.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study investigated the contribution of white-matter hyperintensities (WMH) and lacunar infarcts (LI) to the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an elderly cohort in China. METHODS: Older adults who were initially cognitively normal were examined with MRI at baseline, and followed for 5 years. WMH were classified as mild, moderate, or severe, and LI were classified into a few LI (1 to 3) or many LI (≥4). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination and the Activities of Daily Living scale. RESULTS: Among the 2,626 subjects, 357 developed AD by the end of the 5-year follow-up period. After adjusting for age and other potential confounders, having only WMH, having only LI, and having both WMH and LI were associated with an increased risk of developing AD compared with having neither WMH nor LI. Moderate and severe WMH were associated with an increased risk of developing AD compared with no WMH. Furthermore, patients with many LI had an increased risk of developing AD compared with no LI. CONCLUSIONS: Having moderate or severe WMH and many LI were associated with an increased risk of developing AD, with this being particularly striking when both WMH and LI were present.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Aged* ; Alzheimer Disease* ; China* ; Cognition ; Cohort Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Strikes, Employee ; Stroke, Lacunar*

Objective To observe the serum cortisol level in ischemic stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS),and discuss the influence factors and its correlation with severity of cerebral infarction.Methods Two hundred ischemic stroke patients with onset of 6 h to 3 weeks,admitted to our hospital from July 2015 to April 2017,were recruited;all patients were monitored with polysomnography.According to apnea hypopnea index (AHI),all patients were divided into ischemic stroke without OSAS group (AHI＜5/h,n=89) and ischemic stroke with OSAS group (AHI≥ 5/h,n=111).Moreover,according to AHI,patients from ischemic stroke with OSAS group were divided into three subgroups,namely,mild subgroup (5/h ≤AHI＜15/h),moderate subgroup (15/h ≤AHI＜30/h) and severe subgroup (AHI ≥30/h).According to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores,all subjects were divided into a group of NIHSS scores no more than 10 and a group of NIHSS scores＞10.The general clinical data,biochemical indices,early morning blood pressure,serum cortisol level and sleeping parameters were detected and compared among the groups,and the main factors affecting serum cortisol levels were identified by multivariate linear regression analysis.Results (1) The serum cortisol level in ischemic stroke with OSAS patients ([195.41±75.31] μg/L) was significantly higher than that of ischemic stroke without OSAS patients ([158.65±77.28] μg/L,P＜0.05);the serum cortisol level in ischemic stroke with mild OSAS subgroup ([227.32±75.12] μg/L) was significantly increased as compared with that in the ischemic stroke with moderate OSAS subgroup and ischemic stroke with severe OSAS subgroup ([191.27±71.50] μg/L and [175.21±75.13] μg/L,P＜0.05).(2) The serum cortisol level of group of NIHSS scores＞10 was significantly higher than that of group of NIHSS scores ≤ 10 (P＜0.05).(3)AHI,NIHSS scores,longest duration of apnea,and lowest blood oxygen saturation at night had significant effects on serum cortisol levels.Serum cortisol levels increased with AHI (β=89.984,95％CI:71.325-108.644,P=0.000) and NIHSS scores (β=0.923,95％CI:0.377-1.468,P=0.001),increased with the longest sleep apnea (β=0.804,95％CI:0.262-1.325,P=0.000),and decreased with the lowest blood oxygen saturation at night (β=-0.709,95％CI:-0.290--0.041,P=0.000).Conclusion The serum cortisol level in cerebral infarction patients with OSAS was increased,and the higher the severity of cerebral infarction and OSAS is,the higher the serum cortisol level is.