The sprain of ankle could result in chronic instability without appropriate treatment.Some new surgeral technique and long-term results of follow-up showed an active effect on the ankle function recovering with the knowledge development of foot and ankle surgery.This review summarized the update report of this problem in recent years.

Objective To explore the value of MRI sequence and MRA for diagnosis of moyamoya disease(MMD).Methods Retrospective analysed of 1 8 cases of moyamoya disease clinical datas,1 8 cases were used routine head MRI scan,including T1 WI, T2WI,DWI,transverse and sagittal T2WI sequence FLAIR;MRA three dimensional time of flight(3D-TOF).Results 18 cases of patients with MRA showed bilateral internal carotid artery,anterior cerebral artery distal and proximal middle cerebral artery steno-sis or occlusion of signs.Among them,1 1 cases were found with secondary cerebral infarction,3 cases of cerebral hemorrhage,7 ca-ses of centrum semiovale,corona radiata and periventricular cerebral ischemia,4 cases of cerebral atrophy,8 cases of cerebral soften-ing and gliosis.Conclusion MRI and MRA examination have important value in the diagnosis of moyamoya disease,treatment.

Objective To summarize the clinical and pathological features and the diagnosis and treatment of ureteral aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM),to deepen understanding in the disease.Method s Diagnosis and treatment of 3 cases of ureteral AAM from January 1991 to January 2011.Results Three cases of ureteral AAM were female,post-operative pathological diagnosis was made,no recurrence occurred during follow up.Conclusions Ureteral AAM is rare,occur frequently in women,with clinical symptoms hidden,not typical.Diagnosis is based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations.Attention should be paid to differential diagnosis from soft tissue and other mucinous tumors.Surgery is not easy and complete,with disease easy to relapse after surgery.

Objective To study the clinical and pathological features and treatment method of adrenal cortical eosinophil tumor.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 5 cases with adrenal cortical eosinophic tumor.Results Among the 5 cases,1 case looked female male-driven,1 case demonstrated cortisol dysrhythmias with cortisol increase combined Cushing syndrome,3 cases of no specific demonstrations,tumor sized 13 cm × 12 cm × 10 cm to 8.0 cm ×6.0 cm ×5.5 cm.Capsule was found complete,and no adhesion.Incision cut appeared gray,trypan-blue and cytoplasm contained rich acidophilus grain,the nuclei were large with a mild alien,fission were rare.Two cases were found immunohistochemical NSE ( + ),VIM ( + ).No relapse and metastasis were found after tumor resection.Conclusions Adrenal cortical eosinophil tumor is clinically rare,mostly being the occasional tumors.In general the tumor size is larger,more being benign tumor,growing quickly.Surgical resection is the first choice for the treatment of the disease,with good prognosis.Postoperative follow-up is needed.

Objective To evaluate diagnosis and treatment of the renal echinococcosis and routes of transmission.Methods From February 1993 to December 2008 the 17 cases of renal echinococcosis in the hospital were analyzed .Results The 17 cases all had a longer living in pastoral areas contact history with animals the three tests of echinococcosis and B ultrasound.CT diagnosis were in accord as 83.2% and 85%and 94%respectivily.Fifteen cases in 17 cases were definitely diagnosied preoperatively.17 cases with oral administration of albendazole after surgery,2 with nephrectomy,4 with surgery to remove kidney echinoosccosis cyst,remaining 11 with capsule itotal cystectomy without relapse during follow-up.Two cages of recurrence 4 patients with routine surgery to remove kidney echinococcosis cyst.Conclusions The epidemiological inspection,immunology and B ultrasound examination,CT examination are main methods for diagnosis of rencel echinococcosis.Nephrectomy,or kidney capsule total cystectomy and postoperative oral administration of albendazole are effective to reduce recurrence.

Objective To improve diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Method From January 1998 to October 2008, 23 cases of bladder cancer with clinical data were reviewed. Results Two patients were lost to follow-up, 21 patients were followed up from 5 months to 10 years,with one-year survival in 10 cases (47%), two-year survival in 7 patients (33%), five-year survival in 4 cases (19%) . All patients Survived more than 5 years were in with early stage. Conclusions Early diagnosis and suitable operation mode can help to improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate the joint ureteroscope U100 laser lithotripsy in treatment of children with u rinary stone.Methods Fifteen Cases of children established access ostomy through percutaneous renal puncture,5 cases of children established access ostomy via bladder puncture,3 patients conducted Lithotripsy under the direct observation.Results Twenty-three cases were with successful puncture and laser lithotripsy treatment.After re view of 19 cases no stone Was found,with a Success rate of 82.6%,4 cases with residual stones,of which 3 cases from the original ostomy and removed after second lithotripsy,and 1 case self-discharged,surgery averaged 45 mi nutes,hospitalization averaged 8 days.There waft no surgical complications.Conclusion The joint ureteroscope U100 laser lithotripsy treatment of children with urinary tract stones is fast,safe,effective,less traumatic,easy to operate,with ideal treatment outcomes.

Age Factors ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Research

OBJECTIVE:To explore the teaching methods for pharmacognosy course in order to improve the quality of teach-ing. METHODS:In view of the disadvantages of the traditional teaching method,the teaching methods in pharmacognosy courses were reformed and practiced in many ways. RESULTS:Special seminar was set up,the role of teacher and student exchange was applied,traditional culture and knowledge was penetrated in class teaching,extracurricular activities were carried out and field prac-tice was added. CONCLUSIONS:Through the reform practise of the teaching method in pharmacognostic courses in pharmacy ma-jor in our university,the initiative and enthusiasm of students' learning has been improved,the ability of professional knowledge has been expanded,innovation and practical ability have been actively cultivated and good teaching effected has achieved. The quali-ty of the teaching in pharmacognosy has been greatly improved.

On the model of myocardial damage induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (40mg/kg, twice) into rats, it was found that the myocardial calcium content and the level of myocardial angiotensin Ⅱ (AGT Ⅱ,ir) were significantly elevated, and that severe myocardial ischemic lesion occurred. The treatment with taurine (200mg/kg, twice) or captopril(1mg/kg, twice)antigonized the above effects of isoprotercnol dramatically and ameliorated the myocardial damage. The results suggest that taurine has inhibitary action on synthesis of heart AGT Ⅱ, and that this is one of the important mechanisms by which taurine protects heart from isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury.