The sprain of ankle could result in chronic instability without appropriate treatment.Some new surgeral technique and long-term results of follow-up showed an active effect on the ankle function recovering with the knowledge development of foot and ankle surgery.This review summarized the update report of this problem in recent years.

Objective To discuss the application valueof the multi-slice spiral CT indiagnosing breast cancer. Methods The images of scanning, enhancing and reconstruction were analyzed in 71 cases of breast cancer proved by clinical pathology. Results All the 71cases were the type of mass. The shapes of the tumor in 57 cases were irregular, burrs can be seen in 48 cases , the skin in 8 cases changed, the nipples in 4 cases sunk, the tissue around the tumor was invaded in 12 cases; The CT value of the tumor rised greatly after enhancement, theranges of value was form 18 to 83 HU. Axilla lumph nodes were detected in 32 cases, Wecan find the lumph node in mediastinum and lung metasis; The tumor and tissue around it can be shown well in multi-orientations through images reconstruction. Conclusions The multi-slice spiral CT has the evident application value in pualitative diagnosing breast cancer.

Purpose To assess the potentia1 of DNA image cytometry and urinary cyto1ogy in screening for urothe1ia1 carcinomas,and to find the idea1 method of ear1y diagnosis of urothe1ia1 cancer. Methods Voided urine specimens from 121 patients with urothe1ia1 carcinoma were random1y co11ected as test group and 95 patients with symptomatic uro1ogic disease but not urothe1ia1 carcinoma as con-tro1 group,a11 of the specimens were ana1yzed by both urinary cyto1ogy and DNA image cytometry. Results Urinary cyto1ogy had a higher sensitivity but 1ower specificity in diagnosis of urothe1ia1 carcinoma than that of DNA cytometry. Urinary cyto1ogy yie1ded an o-vera11 sensitivity of 85. 10%,specificity of 76. 80%. DNA cytometry revea1ed a sensitivity of 81. 80%,specificity of 81. 10%. Among the 121 urothe1ia1 carcinoma,there were 103 b1adder cancers,18 patients with upper urothe1ia1 carcinoma. For different types of urothe1ia1 carcinoma,both of the two methods demonstrated good sensitivity in the high 1eve1 tumor. And DNA cytometry had exce11ent sensitivity in the diagnosis of urothe1ia1 carcinoma in invasive b1adder cancer and upper urinary tract cancer,and both were more than 94%. Conclusions In 1ight of its high1y good sensitivity and specificity in urothe1ia1 carcinoma,especia11y in invasive b1adder cancer and upper urinary tract cancer,DNA cytometry shou1d be used to eva1uate suspect urothe1ia1 ce11s in urinary cyto1ogy specimens. Com-bined with the conventiona1 urinary cyto1ogy,the detection for urothe1ia1 carcinoma wou1d be significant1y improved.

More and more studies have indicated that the relationship between vitamin D pathway and asthma,and the mechanisms include multiple abnormal aspects of vitamin D pathway leading to abnormal em-bryonic development and immune system disorders and so on. This review summarizes the relationship between vitamin D,vitamin D binding protein,vitamin D receptors,related gene polymorphisms and the immune system to describe the pathogenesis of asthma.

Objective To explore the value of MRI sequence and MRA for diagnosis of moyamoya disease(MMD).Methods Retrospective analysed of 1 8 cases of moyamoya disease clinical datas,1 8 cases were used routine head MRI scan,including T1 WI, T2WI,DWI,transverse and sagittal T2WI sequence FLAIR;MRA three dimensional time of flight(3D-TOF).Results 18 cases of patients with MRA showed bilateral internal carotid artery,anterior cerebral artery distal and proximal middle cerebral artery steno-sis or occlusion of signs.Among them,1 1 cases were found with secondary cerebral infarction,3 cases of cerebral hemorrhage,7 ca-ses of centrum semiovale,corona radiata and periventricular cerebral ischemia,4 cases of cerebral atrophy,8 cases of cerebral soften-ing and gliosis.Conclusion MRI and MRA examination have important value in the diagnosis of moyamoya disease,treatment.

To observe the treatment of 30 patients with climacteric syndrome by ear-acupoint application, the main points were Kidney (MA-SC), Sympathetic (MA-AH 7), Er Shenmen (MA-TF 1)and Endocrine (MA-IC 3). In case of dizziness, loss of memory and headache, Liver (MA-SC 5),Subcortex (MA-AT 1), Adrenal Gland(MA-T) and Internal Ear (MA-L) were added; in case of insomnia,restlessness, tidal fever and sweats, Heart (MA-IC), Lung (MA-IC 1) and Heart (MA-IC) were added.After 3-course treatment, the clinical symptoms disappeared and menstrual disorder obviously improved in 25 cases; the clinical symptoms and the menstrual disorder obviously abated in 4 cases; no change happened in 1 case. The total effective rate was 96.7%.

Objective To summarize the clinical and pathological features and the diagnosis and treatment of ureteral aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM),to deepen understanding in the disease.Method s Diagnosis and treatment of 3 cases of ureteral AAM from January 1991 to January 2011.Results Three cases of ureteral AAM were female,post-operative pathological diagnosis was made,no recurrence occurred during follow up.Conclusions Ureteral AAM is rare,occur frequently in women,with clinical symptoms hidden,not typical.Diagnosis is based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations.Attention should be paid to differential diagnosis from soft tissue and other mucinous tumors.Surgery is not easy and complete,with disease easy to relapse after surgery.

Objective To study the clinical and pathological features and treatment method of adrenal cortical eosinophil tumor.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 5 cases with adrenal cortical eosinophic tumor.Results Among the 5 cases,1 case looked female male-driven,1 case demonstrated cortisol dysrhythmias with cortisol increase combined Cushing syndrome,3 cases of no specific demonstrations,tumor sized 13 cm × 12 cm × 10 cm to 8.0 cm ×6.0 cm ×5.5 cm.Capsule was found complete,and no adhesion.Incision cut appeared gray,trypan-blue and cytoplasm contained rich acidophilus grain,the nuclei were large with a mild alien,fission were rare.Two cases were found immunohistochemical NSE ( + ),VIM ( + ).No relapse and metastasis were found after tumor resection.Conclusions Adrenal cortical eosinophil tumor is clinically rare,mostly being the occasional tumors.In general the tumor size is larger,more being benign tumor,growing quickly.Surgical resection is the first choice for the treatment of the disease,with good prognosis.Postoperative follow-up is needed.

The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis has proposed to hold World Thrombosis Day on October 13 annually from 2014 to improve awareness and education of thrombosis. Thrombotic diseases are multidisciplinary disorders involving multiple systems.Thus, multidisciplinary team treatment for thrombotic diseases should be developed in China.A comprehensive study of genetic factors for thrombotic diseases is expected to achieve early diagnosis and risk prediction for this type of disease, and thus precision diagnosis and individualized treatment can be achieved.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the teaching methods for pharmacognosy course in order to improve the quality of teach-ing. METHODS:In view of the disadvantages of the traditional teaching method,the teaching methods in pharmacognosy courses were reformed and practiced in many ways. RESULTS:Special seminar was set up,the role of teacher and student exchange was applied,traditional culture and knowledge was penetrated in class teaching,extracurricular activities were carried out and field prac-tice was added. CONCLUSIONS:Through the reform practise of the teaching method in pharmacognostic courses in pharmacy ma-jor in our university,the initiative and enthusiasm of students' learning has been improved,the ability of professional knowledge has been expanded,innovation and practical ability have been actively cultivated and good teaching effected has achieved. The quali-ty of the teaching in pharmacognosy has been greatly improved.