Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads), which are live, replication-competent viruses that can selectively replicate in tumor cells and lead to cell lysis, have been used in tumor therapy. But due to the complexity and high mutability of human tumors, it becomes a major strategy to improve the selectivity, efficacy, and safety of oncolytic Ads. The oncolytic Ads that can express short hairpin RNA, cytokines, suicide gene, and matrix-modulating proteins have higher antitumor activity than the wild type. Tumor-specific promoters, especially hTERT and HRE promoters, increase the selectivity of oncolytic Ads for tumor cells. Moreover, oncolytic Ads surface-modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG), liposomes, biodegradable nanoparticles, and polypeptides have reduced immunogenicity and hepatotoxicity and improved antitumor activity when systemically administered, and the selectivity of oncolytic Ads can be significantly increased when linking PEG to antibodies, small peptides, cytokines, and ligands. Therefore, engineered oncolytic Ads combining the advantages of viral and non-viral vectors, as well as immunotherapy, are a promising strategy for improving the efficacy of targeted virotherapy.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; physiology ; Animals ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; virology ; Oncolytic Virotherapy ; trends ; Virus Replication

Objective: To optimize the purification technology of total flavonoids from Astragali Companati Semen (ACS) by macroporous adsorption resin. Methods: The process parameters of water decoction extraction of ACS and purification of total flavonoids extracted from ACS by D-101 macroporous adsorption resin were optimized by orthogonal experiment design method. Results: The optimal extraction process were as follows: water decoction extract for three times, each time 0.5 h, water addition of 10, 6, and 6 times amount of the medicine respectively. The optimized technology conditions of D-101 macroporous adsorption resin were as follows: The flavonoids concentration of sample liquid of ACS was about 1.0 mg/mL, the diameter ratio was 1∶5, the sample flow rate was 1 BV/h, the rate of sample weight was 0.6 g/mL (herbs/resin); The velocity of water elution was 1 BV/h and its elution volume was 4 BV; The elution concentration, elution velocity, and elution volume were 70%, 1 BV/h, and 5 BV, respectively. The content paste rate of made ACS of total flavonoids was 2.65%, the mass fraction of total flavonoids was 56.24%, and the process transfer rate was 68.37%. Conclusion: The method is simple and feasible for purification of total flavonoids extracted from ACS.

Objective To compare the therapeutic results of laparoscopic-assisted endorectal colon pull-through with radical Swenson's technique for Hirschsprung's disease Methods 39 children who had undergone Swenson pull-through were retrospectively reviewed.The patients were divided into 2 groups:open Swenson(n=20),laparoscopic procdeures(n=19). Use of laparoscopic equipment,operating time,hospital day,intraoperative blood loss,cost of hospital and postoperative complications were chosen as itews for comparisiom. Results The patienst in open Swenson passed stool and flatus in (78?28) hours and those in laparoscopic procedures did in (27?7) hours(t=2.87, P0.05),no major complications were found Conclusions The therapeutic results of laparoscopic-assisted coloc pull-through are similar to those of open and this procedure is economical.It appears to reduce postperative intestinal adhesion and postoperative recovery time dramatically, has smaller incision and renders itself more acceptable by the parents.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; metabolism ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins ; toxicity ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism

Objective To discuss the less invasive stabilization system(LISS)in treatment of fractures around the knee joint.Methods Between February 2002 and December 2005,103 cases of periarticular fractures of knee joint were treated with LISS in our department.There were 58 cases of comminuted distal femoral fracture and 45 cases of comminuted proximal tibia fracture.Follow-ups were conducted once per week during the first four weeks and once per month in the following months to observe whether such complications as loosening of internal fixators and nail breakage would occur.Results All the cases were followed up for a mean time of 16.5 months(range, 6 to 27 months).Loosening and breakage of internal fixation was found in only one case,while others obtained bony union.In fractures of types A and C,the knee range of motion varied from 95?to 145?(average,130?)and 85?to 140?(average,110?)in flexion respectively.HSS score:excellent in 84 cases(81.6%),good in 15 cases (14.6%),fair in three cases(2.9%),and poor in one case(0.9%).Conclusions The LISS can be the best choice for the treatment of periarticular fractures around the knee joint,but we should take care to implant the plate and screws in a proper position and direction and avoid early weight-bearing.In application of the 13-hole plate, large incision should be made to approach the distal tibia for fear of damaging the superficial peroneal nerve.

Objective To compare the characteristics between indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and fundus fluorescence angiography ( FFA ) in patients with age-related macular degeneration ( ARMD ). Methods Twenty-five cases ( 35 eyes ) were diagnosed as exudative ARMD by ocular examination. Their age ranged from 60 to 81 years. The visual acuities were 1.0 at FC/30 cm before eye. We analyzed and compared the characteristics of FFA and ICGA in these patients. Results 5 eyes ( 14.3% ) with classic choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) were found by FFA examination. 15 eyes ( 42.9% ) with classic CNV were found by ICGA examination. Of 20 eyes with occult CNV considered by FFA, 7 eyes had classic CNV by ICGA. Of 3 eyes considered as serous retinal pigment epithelial detachment ( PED ) without classic CNV by FFA, 1 eye had serous PED with classic CNV and 2 eyes had classic CNV by ICGA.1 eye was diagnosed as serous PED with CNV by FFA, and as occult CNV by ICGA. Conclusions ICGA raise detectability and accuracy of CNV in ARMD compared with FFA. It is contributive to early treatment in ARMD.

· Application of capsular tension ring ( CTR ) in phacoemulsification has become a common method to increase the stability of the capsular bag. CTR can effectively reduce the posterior capsular opacification ( PCO) , prevent intraocular lens ( lOL ) decentration and tilt, not cause lOL degree deviation and aberration increase.ln this review, we summarized the development overview of CTR in phacoemulsification.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the effect of surgical staging and using craft bone with vancomycin for the treatment of calcaneal fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to December 2012,13 patients with open calcaneal fractures were treated including 9 males and 4 females with an average of 35.2 years old ranging from 23 to 66. All cases were emergency cases. According to Sanders classification of calcaneal fractures, 2 cases were type II, 7 cases were type III, 4 cases were type IV. According to Gustilo-Anderson soft tissue injury classification, 8 cases were type II, 2 cases were type III A, 2 cases were type III B, 1 case were type III C. Firstly a thorough debridement or VSD procedures were applied,secondly calcaneal fracture were treated with open reduction, plate fixation and bone graft complex with antibiotics. Based on clinical examination, radiographic evaluation, and American Foot and Ankle Surgery Society (AOFAS), ankle function were evaluated after operation.

RESULTSOpen wounds were headed after dressing and repairing,, lateral calcaneal wound were healed during the first period. All patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months (means 14.5 months). Fracture healing time was 14 to 20 weeks (means 16.2 weeks). Last follow-up AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was (80.0 +/- 7.4) ranging from 55 to 95.

CONCLUSIONFor patients with open fractures, through reasonable clinical evaluation, staging operation, using bone graft with antibiotics can reduce the incidence of postoperative wound infection and promote fracture healing.

Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Open ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To quantitatively analyze the image quality of megavoltage cone-beam CT (MVCBCT) under different scanning conditions to provide reference in clinical applications. Methods Si-emens ONCOR linear accelerator with MVCBCT was used to scan the phantom under different conditions. The image quality was evaluated in terms of image noise, uniformity, spatial resolution, contrast resolution, the number of Monitor Units(MUs) used in imaging,and the size of the reconstruction matrix. The comparison of the image quality between MVCBCT and conventional simulator CT was also analyzed. Results The image noise was decreased with the increase of the number of MUs. The uniformity index showed that the system u-niformity was weakly dependent on MU numbers or the size of the reconstruction matrix. Except for the ima-ges with 5 MUs,all other images had the spatial resolution of 0.4 lp/mm with a reconstruction matrix of 256 ×256. Better low contrast resolution was achieved by using more MUs. For typical pelvis and head-and-neck patients,the imaging dose at the center was 0.8 cGy/MU and 0.7 cGy/MU, respectively,and the maxi-mum dose was about 1.2 cGy/MU. For typical abdomen patients,the image maximum dose and center dose was 1.3 cGy/MU and 0.7 cGy/MU,respectively. Conclusions The image quality of MVCBCT is inferior to the conventional kilo-voltage CT. However,with the optimization of the parameters in imaging,we can a-chieve sufficient image contrast in the bone,air and some soft-tissue structures with low imaging dose to pa-tients. Such images can be used for IGRT.

Objective To investigate the related risk factors in patients with atrial fibrillation in order to prevent and delay the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.Methods Five hundred and fifty-eight inpatients with atrial fibrillation were retrospectively analyzed from June 2005 to June 2008.They were divided into several groups according to the age and the characteristics of the elder patients with atrial fibrillation were analyzed.Results In the 558 cases with atrial fibrillation, there were 298 males (53.4%) and 260 females (46.6%) aged from 21 to 97 years.The average age was (72.8 ±10.1) years.There were 57 cases aged 21-59 years(10.2 %)and 501 cases aged 60-97 years(89.8 %).The total number of inpatients in our hospital was 11 869, and there were 4049 cases aged<60 years, 2527 cases aged 60-69 years, 3971 cases aged 70-79 years, 1244 cases aged 80-89 years and 78 cases aged>90 years.The proportions of the inpatients with atrial fibrillation in the above five age groups of inpatients were 1.4%(57 cases), 4.2%(107 cases), 6.6% (262 cases), 9.5%(118 cases)and 17.9% (14 cases), respectively.In 558 cases with atrial fibrillation, there were 230 cases (41.2%) with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 44 cases (7.9%) with persistent atrial fibrillation and 284 cases (50.9%) with permanent atrial fibrillation.The most common underlying disease was hypertension in the 558 cases, followed by coronary heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, rheumatic heart disease and so on.Conclusions The prevalence of atrial fibrillation is increased with aging.Hypertension, coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, heart failure, hyperthyroidism,diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease and renal failure are all the risk factors for atrial fibrillation.