Objective:To investigate changes in subsets of T cells in the spleen of mice by immunization with mix recombinant BCG-EmⅡ/3 and BCG-Em14-3-3 vaccine of Echinococcus multilocularis(Em)and against challenge with Em protoscoleces.Methods:BALB/C mice were subcutaneously and intranasally vaccinated with mix recombinant BCG vaccines respectively,then challenged with Em protoscolexes on 8w of vaccination and killed on 18w of infection to get spleen.Spleen cells were separated to measure subsets of CD4+ and CD8+T cells by FACsort,Blank vector,BCG and PBS served as control.Results:In the groups of immunization,CD4+subset increased significantly,as well as the ratio of CD4+/CD8+subset,but CD8+ subset had no change,CD4+ subset and ratio of CD4+/CD8+subset in the subcutaneous group were higher than these in the intranasal group.Conclusion:CD4+T cells subset may bear a part in protection induced in mice by mixed recombinant BCG-EmⅡ/3 and BCG-Em14-3-3 vaccine against challenge with Em protoscoleces.

[ Objective] To observe the effect of removing phlegm,softening and removing blood stasis on pulmonary morphology and hydoxyprolin of pulmonary fibrosis rats. [Methods]The experimental pulmonary fibrosis models were produced by injecting BLMA5.All animals were randomly divided into 5 groups which were control group, model group, Chinese herb high-dose group, Chinese herb low-dose group and prednisone group respectively, the drugs were given daily starting from the second day and the rats were killed on the 7th and 28th day. The shape of rats’ lung tissues was observed, the levels of hydroxyproline in lung tissues were measured. [Results] In model group, alveolitis increases(much inflammatory cell infiltration), pulmonary interstitial fibroblast increases. There is less pulmonary tissue inflammatory cell infiltration in drug-given groups than that in model group and so is fibroblast. Compared with the model group, the content of HYP of pulmonary tissues of the drug-given groups is remarkably decreased. [Conclusion] The Chinese herb of removing phlegm, softening and removing blood stasis can effectively inhibit the formation of pulmonary fibrosis caused by BLMA5.

It has been well-known that many medicinal plants used in traditional Chinese medicine contain hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (HPAs), and some even have been recorded in many editions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP). In order to clarify the current status of these PAs-containing Chinese materia medica and proprietary Chinese formulae, the ChP 2010, the newest version, and the related safety issues were thoroughly investigated and analyzed on the current advances in research. Total nine crude drugs (not including the processed slices) were found to contain HPAs, which may be present in tens of Chinese proprietary drugs prepared with these crude drugs. Because of the lack of the alkaloid limitation in most monographs, their potential threats to human health may be underestimated. For this reason, attention should be drawn to the importance of the issue. The key point is to conduct the basic studies immediately on these PA-containing herbal plants or products, whose possible hazards need to be carefully assessed. Further efforts should also be made to elevate the criteria for quality control and ensure the drugs' safety in clinic for human health.

Objective To investigate the distribution and the number of splenic lymphocytes in the patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome(SRAS).Methods Immunohistochemical method with four specific antibodies(CD3,CD4,CD8,CD20) was used to detect the distribution of lymphocyte special antigens in the spleens of six cases who died of SARS and six normal cases as the controls.The numbers of lymphocytes were analyzed with image analysis system.Results In the spleen of SARS patients,splenic corpuscle and periarterial lymphatic sheath (white pulp) were damaged severely. In the number of periarterial lymphatic sheath decreased 93.39% and in the number of splenic capsule decreased about 80% even disappeared at all. Red pulp hemorrhage necrosis was widely spread. In red pulp the number of CD3~(+)T cells decreased 71.76%,even disappeared at all,in the number of CD4~(+) and CD8~(+)T cells markedly decreased 86% and 84% respectively.The number of CD20~+ B cell decreased more than 80%. Conclusion T cells and B cells in spleens of SARS patients decreased widely spread and markedly in number,indicating that the immune system had been damaged severely,and the destroyment of the immunosystem may be the primary lesion of SARS.

Objective To investigate the intervention effects of NLP workshop on resilience of children from divorced family.Methods A pre/post test and subsequent follow-up design between experimental group and control group were performed.Thirty-one children from divorced family with low resilience were intervened by NLP workshop,while the other thirty-one children with low resilience were chosen as the control group.Results There was no significant difference between experimental group and control group before the intervention on resilience.But after the intervention,the two groups achieved statistical significant difference on resilience(experimental group (3:68±0.37),control group(2.99±0.18),t=9.60,P=0.00).Furthermore,the results of follow-up showed that the effect of NLP workshop still existed after six months (total average score of resilience before intervention (2.96±0.17),subsequent follow-ups (3.69±0.35),t=10.40,P=0.00).Conclusion NLP workshop can enhance the level of resilience of children from divorced family.Effect of NLP workshop not only has short-term effect,but also has some long-term effect.

Objective To study the relationship between the microvesel density(MVD) ,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) , matrix metalloproteinases 2 ( MMP2 ) with the metastasis, prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Methods MVD,expression of VEGF and MMP2 were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry in 45 cholangiocarcinoma tissues and 8 normal bile duct tissues. Results (1)MVD and positive expression rates of VEGF , MMP2 in cholangiocarcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal bile duct tissues ( P

Objective To probe the effect of motivational interviewing(MI) on the caregiving burden and coping style of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) nurses.Methods A total of 60 CRRT nurses were divided into intervention group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases) by random digits table method.The intervention group was given MI measures and the control group was used humane care measures, 6 months later, the differences of the caregiving burden and coping style were compared between the two groups.Results The caregiving burden's level after the intervention of two groups' nurses dropped, the level in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group: (42.02±3.57) points vs.(56.35±4.71) points, and there was significant difference, t=13.280, P＜0.05.The positive coping style of two groups CRRT nurses was enhanced and the negative coping style was weakened.The positive coping style's level in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group and the negative coping style's level was lower than that in the control group:(16.56±4.78) points vs.(13.81±1.09) points, (7.73±0.28) points vs.(9.83±0.96) points, the all differences were statistically significant, t=3.071, 11.502, P＜0.05.The positive coping style in the intervention group CRRT nurses with their caregiving burden was negatively correlated, r=-0.424, P＜ 0.01, but whose negative coping style with their caregiving burden was positively correlated, r=0.282, P＜ 0.05.Conclusions MI is more conductive to reduce the CRRT nurses' caregiving burden, change their way of coping, so that the CRRT nurses will put in greater enthusiasm to work.

Objective To analyse the number of dendritic cells and macrophages and the size of macrophages in the spleen of SARS patients so as to provide evident for the study of pathology and pathogenesis of SARS. Methods Immunohistochemical method with four specific antibodies(S-100,CD68,HLA-DR,CD83) were used to detect the dendritic cells and macrophages in the spleens of six dead patients of SARS and six accidental deaths as the controls,The number or the size of these positive cells was analysed with image analysis system. Results In the spleens of SARS patients,the number of S-100~+ dendritic cells in the white pulp was reduced by 80.4% on average,and even disappeard.The number of CD68~+ macrophages in the red pulp was reduced by 39.48% in SARS spleens,and the average size of individual macrophages was increased by 2.21 times.HLA-DR~+ antigen presenting cells(APC) reduced remarkably in the SARS spleen white pulp.CD83~+ mature dendritic cells did not exist in either SARS spleens or the control spleens.Conclusion The function of antigen presentation had been damaged severely,which supports that SARS should be categorized as a viral immune deficiency disease.SARS virus doesn't induce the maturation of DC.The increase in the size of macrophages indicated that they were in an activated state and may play a role in the pathogenesis of SARS.

Objective To review recent studies on the research advance of the relationship between RET proto-oncogene and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods The literatures in recent years on the structure of RET gene and coding product,cell signal transduction,relationship between RET proto-oncogene and differentiated thyroid carcinoma were reviewed.Results RET gene encoding tyrosine kinase receptor,involving in cell signal transduction,rearrangement of RET gene was frequently seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Conclusion Rearrangement of RET gene was closely correlated with the occurrence and progress of differentiated thyroid carcinoma,RET gene may be considered as a new therapeutic target for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.