Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is an important hepatic microsomal enzyme that oxidizes a number of drugs,xenobiotics and other chemicals.Many variants in the gene encoding FMO3 have been identified,some of which result in altered enzymatic activity,consenquently,altered substrate metabolism.Studies also implicate individual and ethnic differences in FMO3.Thus,it is anticipated that knowledge regarding functionally-relevant FMO3 genetic variability will become increasingly important for drug development and patient therapeutic choices.

Batifiban, a synthetic cyclic peptide, is a potent platelet glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa antagonist which may be useful in the treatment and prevention of acute coronary syndromes. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodymanic (inhibition of platelet aggregation) effects, and tolerability of batifiban were investigated in healthy subjects following single bolus injection with doses of 55, 110, or 220 microg/kg, or multiple doses of an bolus followed intravenous infusion for 24 h (180 microg/kg plus 2.0 microg/min.kg, and 220 microg/kg plus 2.5 microg/min.kg) in this phase I clinical trial. Plasma levels of batifiban and areas under the curve were found to be proportional to doses. Batifiban was rapidly eliminated with a half-life of approximately 2.5 h. Significant differences were noted for plasma levels of batifiban and areas under the curve between males and females. No significant differences in the terminal half-life were found between males and females. Batifiban reversibly inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner, consistent with its mechanism as a GPIIb/IIIa antagonist. Single and multiple intravenous doses of batifiban were found to be safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects. These results support a bolus injection plus intravenous infusion regimen of batifiban for the treatment and prevention of acute coronary syndromes.
Injections, Intravenous ; Peptides, Cyclic/*pharmacokinetics ; Peptides, Cyclic/*pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/*pharmacokinetics ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related risk factors of allergic rhinitis in primary and middle school students in Changsha so that to provide the scientific basis for the disease control and intervention. METHOD: From June 2011 to April 2012, we randomly chose primary and middle school students aged from 10 to 17 years old in Changsha as our research objects. Through stratified sampling and cluster sampling, we carried out epidemiological investigation using questionnaire investigation, physical examination and skin prick test. After statistical analysis of the data,we explored the related risk factors. RESULT: (1) 7,023 copies of questionnaire were sent out and 6,407 copies of valid questionnaire were received in the stratified sampling survey. The prevalence of complaining about having got allergic rhinitis is 44.6% while the real rates is 20.5%; (2) 814 research objects were investigated in cluster sampling survey. The result of the incidence of allergic rhinitis is 26.3%, and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is 17.2%. Analysis of Visual Analog Scale Questionnaire showed significant influence of allergic rhinitis on students character, memory, sleep quality, etc. CONCLUSION The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in primary and middle school students aged at 10-17 years old in Changsha is 17%-20%. The occurrence and development of allergic rhinitis is related to environment, genetic background and living habits. Allergic rhinitis influenced the students' character, memory and sleep quality significantly.
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a well-known but uncommon paediatric rheumatological condition. It can be missed early in the disease manifestation if not thought of in patients presenting with atypical rash and weakness. We present a case of a 5-year-old girl who developed JDM over a span of 8 weeks before a diagnosis was made. This case demonstrates the nuances of how a paediatric patient’s presentation can differ from adults’. A high index of suspicion and early appropriate referral to paediatric rheumatology are paramount for successful management and good prognosis of the condition.

BACKGROUND: Metoprolol is a selective β1-Blocker commonly used in essential hypertension. It is metabolized by CYP2D6. CYP2D6*10, which was identified to decrease activity of CYP2D6, is the main variance in Chinese population. β1-adrenergic receptor, with Ser49Gly and Gly389Arg polymorphisms, is the target of metoprolol. It was still unknown that whether the CYP2D6 and β1-adrenergic receptor had a synergic effect on metoprolol antihypertension therapy. AIM: To clarify the genetic polymorphism associated with metoprolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in antihypertension therapy. METHODS: 125 mild-to-med essential hypertension patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were mono-therapied with metoprolol for 12 weeks. Blood pressure was monitored every 4 weeks. PCR-RFLP method was use to identify CYP2D6*10 and β1-adrenergic receptor Ser49Gly and Gly389Arg polymorphisms. Plasma metoprolol concentration was measured by HPLC- fluorescence detection. RESULTS: Trough blood level (C0) of metoprolol was associated with CYP2D6*10 variance in a gene-dose-effect manner, whereas the extent of blood pressure decrease was not significant different in CYP2D6*1*1, *1*10 and CYP2D6*10*10 patients. After 12 weeks metoprolol therapy, Gly49 carriers had stronger decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure than that of Ser49 homozygotes. Similarly, subjects homozygous for Arg389 had stronger decrease in blood pressure than that of Gly389 carriers. CONCLUSION: CYP2D6*10 variance significantly change the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, and the genetic polymorphisms of β1-adrenergic receptor were associated with the pharmacodynamics of metopolol in antihypertension therapy.

Objective To evaluate whether the reverse phase protein array (RPPA) method can be used for detecting TORCH infection in pregnant women .Methods The RPPA method was established for detecting TORCH infection .The positive coinci‐dence rates of TORCH infection detected by the RPPA method and ELISA method in 2000 fresh serum samples from pregnant women were compared for evaluating the feasibility of RPPA in TORCH detection .Results The positive coincidence rates of estab‐lished RPPA and ELISA for detecting TORCH infection was 100 .0% ,91 .1% ,97 .2% ,91 .3% and 93 .0% respectively ,indicating that the detection results of various indexes by RPPA and ELISA had better consistency (P>0 .05) ,but the positive detection rates of RPPA for Rubellavirus ,CMV and HSV‐1 ,2 were higher than those of correspondent ELISA method .Conclusion RPPA method for detecting TORCH infection has the advantages of simpleness ,rapidness ,high sensitivity and strong specificity ,is an effective method of auxiliary diagnosis for bearing and rearing better children in clinical ,and is worthy of being promoted and used in the fu‐ture .

BACKGROUND: There is a growing recognition that the adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes signaling molecules such as adiponectin and resistin. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is expressed in high levels in the adipose tissue. Thiazolidinediones are selective PPARγ agonists with insulin-sensitizing properties. It has been postulated that thiazolidinediones such as rosiglitazone exert their pharmacodynamic effects in part through modulation of resistin (implicated in insulin resistance) and adiponectin (an insulin-sensitizing molecule) expression subsequent to activation of PPARγ. There are conflicting data, however, on the biological direction in which resistin expression is modulated by PPARγ agonists and whether an increase in adiponectin expression can occur in the face of an upregulation of resistin. METHODS: Using the murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes as a model, we evaluated the changes in resistin and adiponectin gene expression after vehicle, rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L, a PPARγ agonist), GW9662 (5 μmol/L, a selective PPARγ antagonist) or GW662 and rosiglitazone co-treatment.RESULTS: In comparison to vehicle treatment, rosiglitazone increased the average adiponectin and resistin mRNA expression by 1.66- and 1.55-fold, respectively (P＜0.05). Importantly, GW9662 also upregulated adiponectin expression (by 1.57-fold, P＜0.05) but did not influence resistin expression (P＞0.05). Co-treatment with rosiglitazone and GW9662 maintained the adiponectin upregulation (1.87-fold increase from vehicle, P＜0.05) while attenuating resistin upregulation (1.31-fold increase from vehicle, P＜0.05) induced by rosiglitazone alone (1.55-fold increase from vehicle, P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: This study presents new evidence that adiponectin transcript is upregulated with both a PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone) and antagonist (GW9662), while GW9662 co-treatment does not block rosiglitazone-induced adiponectin upregulation. These data collectively suggest that biological mechanisms independent from PPARγ may underlie thiazolidinedione pharmacodynamics on adiponectin expression. Moreover, increased adiponectin expression by GW9662, in the absence of an upregulation of resistin expression, lends further support on the emerging clinical potential of PPARγ antagonists in treatment of insulin resistance. Decreased resistin expression may not be crucial for the insulin-sensitizing effect of rosiglitazone. These findings may serve as a foundation for future dose-ranging and time-course studies of thiazolidinedione pharmacodynamics on adipocytokine expression in human adipocytes.

Objective To analyze the thickness of cornea and corneal epithelium in healthy subjects by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods Totally 100 healthy subjects aged between 20 and 30 years were analyzed by OCTA technique.Using AngioVue OCTA system of retinal imaging mode,and using SSADA algorithm for imaging,the cornea and the corneal epithelium in the central corneal diameter range of 9 mm were measured.The differences of corneal and corneal epithelial thickness in different gender regions were compared.Results In the male and female group,the corneal central total thickness were (559.92 ±33.26) μm and(540.06 ±31.63)μm,and the corneal epithelial thickness were(57.78 ±4.88) μm and(56.88 ±4.57) μm,The total central corneal thickness and central corneal epithelial thickness of the male were greater than those of the female,the difference was statistically significant (t =3.06,2.10;all P ＜ 0.05).The cornea of male was the thickest at S5,S7 and SN9,there were significant differences at S5 and S7 compared with female (t =2.93,2.83;all P ＜ 0.05);The female cornea was the thickest at S5,SN7 and SN9,and the difference was significant at S5 compared with male.The cornea of male subjects was the thinnest at IT,which was statistically significant only at IT5 compared with female subjects in the same area (t =2.02,P ＜ 0.05);The cornea of female subjects was the thinnest at T5,IT7 and T9,which was statistically significant only at T5 and T9 compared with male subjects in the same region (t =2.63,2.20;all P ＜ 0.05);There was significant difference in corneal thickness between male and female at ST (t =3.1 1,2.79,2.33;all P ＜ 0.05).The corneal epithelium was the thickest at IT5,I7,and I9,and the lowest at S5,S7 and S9,and there was no significant difference compared with female in the same region (all P ＞ 0.05).The corneal epithelium of female at the IT5,T7,N9 were the thickest,SN5,S7,S9 were the thinnest;Except for M2 and SN5,there was no significant differences in corneal epithelium between male and female groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Corneal central epithelium accounted for the largest percentage of total corneal thickness,and gradually decreased from inside to outside.Conclusion OCTA can be used to measure the thickness of corneal and corneal epithelial regions.

Batifiban,a synthetic cyclic peptide,is a potent platelet glycoprotein GPⅡb/Ⅲa an-tagonist which may be useful in the treatment and prevention of acute coronary syndromes. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodymanic (inhibition of platelet aggregation) effects,and tolerability of batifiban were investigated in healthy subjects following single bolus injection with doses of 55,110,or 220 μg/kg,or multiple doses of an bolus followed intravenous infusion for 24 h (180 μg/kg of batifiban and areas under the curve were found to be proportional to doses. Batifiban was rapidly eliminated with a half-life of approximately 2.5 h. Significant differences were noted for plasma lev-els of batifiban and areas under the curve between males and females. No significant differences in the terminal half-life were found between males and females. Batifiban reversibly inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner,consistent with its mechanism as a GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa antagonist. Single and multiple intravenous doses of batifiban were found to be safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects. These results support a bolus injection plus intravenous infusion regimen of batifiban for the treatment and prevention of acute coronary syndromes.

Objective: In order to master the epidemic trend of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the effect of prevention and control, we evaluate the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in mainland China, Hubei province, Wuhan city and other provinces outside Hubei from January 16 to February 14, 2020. Methods: We collected the daily number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases by nucleic acid detection reported by the National Health Commission from January 16, 2020 to February 14, 2020. The analysis includes the epidemic curve of the new confirmed cases, multiple of the new confirmed cases for period-over-period, multiple of the new confirmed cases for fixed-base, and the period-over-period growth rate of the new confirmed cases. Results: From January 16 to February 14, 2020, the cumulative number of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in mainland China was 50 031, including 37 930 in Hubei province, 22 883 in Wuhan city and 12 101 in other provinces outside Hubei. The peak of the number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei was from January 31 to February 4, 2020, and the peak of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city and Hubei province was from February 5 to February 9, 2020. The number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei showed a significant decline (23% compared with the peak) from February 5 to February 9, 2020, while the number of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city (30% compared with the peak) and Hubei Province (37% compared with the peak) decreased significantly from February 10 to February 14, 2020. Conclusion The epidemic prevention and control measures taken by the state and governments at all levels have shown very significant effects, effectively curbing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in China.