OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of hypoxia on the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and co-stimulatory molecules in rats so as to provide the basis for studying the intervention measure.

METHODSBefore hypoxia and during hypoxia at 8 000 m for 8 h, 3 d, 6 d and 10 d the change of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and co-stimulatory molecules in rats were detected by flowcytometer with three-color immunofluorescence label.

RESULTSRats were exposed to hypoxia at 8 000 m for 8 hours, and CD3+, CD8+, CD8+ CD28- lymphocyte percentages were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) compared with that before hypoxia. After 3 days of hypoxia, besides aforesaid change, CD4+ CD28+ lymphocyte percentage also prominently decreased (P < 0.01) and CD4+ CD28- prominently increased (P < 0.01). After 6 and 10 days of hypoxia, CD3+, CD4+ lymphocyte percentages were further decreased, while CD8+ CD28+ lymphocyte percentage significantly increased (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAfter exposed to hypoxia at 8 000 m for 8 hours and 3 days, activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte was prominently decreased, while with the prolong of exposed time activation of CD8+ T lymphocyte was significantly increased.

Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; physiopathology ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; physiology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; physiology ; Hypoxia ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; T-Lymphocytes ; physiology

Humans ; Pleural Effusion ; etiology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

CD4 Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the prognostic value of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2 macrophages in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tissues.

METHODSThe expression of CD163 and Foxp3 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 92 cases of DLBCL, and it was statistically analyzed whether their expressions correlate with clinical data and prognosis in patients with DLBCL.

RESULTSThe density of M2 macrophage and regulatory T cells in DLBCL tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues (P = 0.02, P = 0.04). The expression of M2 macrophages was significantly positively correlated with regulatory T cells expression (r = 2.012, P < 0.05). High density of M2 or Tregs had a relationship with extranodal involvement (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that the expressions of CD163 and Foxp3 were independent prognostic factors of DLBCL (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCombined detection of the expression of CD163 and Foxp3 proteins and then evaluation of the amount of M2 macrophages and Tregs can be used to more closely predict the prognosis for DLBCL patients.

Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; diagnosis ; Macrophages ; physiology ; Prognosis ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

In a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), donor CD8+T cells rapidly fall into anergy to host cells, while donor CD4+T cells hyperactivate B cells and break B-cell tolerance to self-Ags in the recipient mouse. The functional recovery of donor CD8+T cells can result in the conversion of cGVHD to acute GVHD (aGVHD), indicating that donor CD8+T-cell anergy is a restriction factor in the development of cGVHD. In this report, we present evidence that donor CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) are critical in maintaining the donor CD8+T-cell anergy and thus suppressing the development of aGVHD in mice that are naturally prone to cGVHD. Our results provide a novel insight into the role of T(reg) cells in determining cGVHD versus aGVHD.
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mice ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/*metabolism ; Immune Tolerance/physiology ; Graft vs Host Disease/*immunology ; Female ; Clonal Anergy/*physiology ; Chronic Disease ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Animals

OBJECTIVETo study the roles of PKCα on the proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cytokine production and inducible regulatory T cell (iTreg) induction of T cells.

METHODST cells from WT (PKCα⁺/⁺) or PKCα knockout (PKCα⁻/⁻) mice were isolated and cultured in vitro. T cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using ³H thymidine incorporation and CSFE/Annexin V staining. Cytokines production (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17) was detected using ELISA. CD4⁺T cells were isolated and cultured in vitro via Th17 or iTreg biased condition. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell differentiation.

RESULTSThe production of IL-2 upon TCR stimulation increased, while the contents of IL-4 and IL-17 decreased in the PKCα⁻/⁻ group compared with the PKCα⁺/⁺ group. The differentiation rate of Th17 cells decreased, while the iTreg production increased in the PKCα⁻/⁻ group compared with the PKCα⁺/⁺ group.

CONCLUSIONSPKC-α is proinflammatory.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytokines ; biosynthesis ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Protein Kinase C-alpha ; physiology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; physiology ; T-Lymphocytes ; physiology ; Th17 Cells ; immunology

The rearrangement segments of TCR Valpha40 gene with Jdelta1, Ddelta3 or psi Jalpha were amplified in genomic DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 10 normal subjects, sorted CD3(+) cells from peripheral blood of 4 cases and thymocytes from 7 cases, by using nested PCR. Different amounts of DNA from all samples were amplified to estimate the frequency of Valpha40 gene rearrangements. The results indicated that the rearrangements of TCR Valpha40 gene with Jdelta1, Ddelta3 or psi Jalpha could be found respectively in the most samples of peripheral blood T cells or thymocytes. The frequencies of Valpha40 rearrangements were different in peripheral blood T cells and thymocytes by analysis of PCR with different amounts DNA. It is concluded that the TCR V alpha40-psi Jalpha was the most frequent rearrangement in mature and immature T cells, whereas TCR Valpha40-Ddelta3 was more frequently rearranged in immature T cells
Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Subunits ; genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; genetics ; T-Lymphocytes ; physiology

The developmental program of T helper and regulatory T cell lineage commitment is governed by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The principal events, signaling pathways and the lineage determining factors involved have been extensively studied in the past ten years. Recent studies have elucidated the important role of chromatin remodeling and epigenetic changes for proper regulation of gene expression of lineage-specific cytokines. These include DNA methylation and histone modifications in epigenomic reprogramming during T helper cell development and effector T cell functions. This review discusses the basic epigenetic mechanisms and the role of transcription factors for the differential cytokine gene regulation in the T helper lymphocyte subsets.
Animals ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism

CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells are thought to be a subgroup of cells which have the function of immune suppression. 5 to 10 percentage of peripheral CD4(+) T cells and 1% - 2% of peripheral mononuclear cells are CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in mouse or healthy human. They can suppress immune response through many pathways and sustain the stabilization of internal environment. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a kind of autoimmunity disease which mainly has a manifestation of hemorrhage in some locations such as skin, mucosa or viscera. Recent findings support that CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells are relevant to the morbidity of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. In this review, the recent advance on characteristics and function of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, pathogenesis of idiopathic thromocytopenic purpura and role CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were summarized.
Forkhead Transcription Factors ; physiology ; Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic ; etiology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the regulating effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelop (E) 2 gene immunization-induced immune responses by adenovirus mediated interleukin 12 (IL-12).

METHODSHCV E2 protein was expressed and purified from NIH 3T3 and then used as an antigen to detect antibodies against HCV E2. With 51Cr release, SP2/0 expressing HCV E2 was used as target cell to detect specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) response; adenovirus recombined IL-12 was propagated by 293 cell. HCV E2 recombinant and adenovirus recombined IL-12 were injected into the quadriceps femoris muscles and abdominal cavities of 6-8 weeks old BALB/C mice. Sera were collected at 2, 3, and 4 weeks and detected for antibodies for E2. Spleen cells isolated at 4 weeks were analyzed for specific CTL response.

RESULTSIt was found that expression of IL-12 at an undetectable level did enhance HCV E2 gene immunization-induced CTL activity and there was no effect on its hormonal immune response.

CONCLUSIONUsing adenovirus to express interleukin 12 was helpful for regulation of HCV E2 gene immunization-induced immune response. Combined HCV E2 and IL-12 can render a strong anti-HCV CTL activity and may be of use in the development of HCV gene vaccine in the future.

Adenoviridae ; physiology ; Interleukin-12 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; immunology