Humans ; Pleural Effusion ; etiology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

CD4 Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells are thought to be a subgroup of cells which have the function of immune suppression. 5 to 10 percentage of peripheral CD4(+) T cells and 1% - 2% of peripheral mononuclear cells are CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in mouse or healthy human. They can suppress immune response through many pathways and sustain the stabilization of internal environment. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a kind of autoimmunity disease which mainly has a manifestation of hemorrhage in some locations such as skin, mucosa or viscera. Recent findings support that CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells are relevant to the morbidity of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. In this review, the recent advance on characteristics and function of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, pathogenesis of idiopathic thromocytopenic purpura and role CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were summarized.
Forkhead Transcription Factors ; physiology ; Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic ; etiology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of adult stem cells which have the capability to differentiate into multiple cell types as well as self-renew continuously. Recent studies demonstrate that MSCs are low immunogenic and able to exert immunomodulatory function by various approaches, such as suppression of the lymphocyte proliferation, reduction of the dentritic cell generation, maturation and function, down-regulation of the CTL formation and enhancement of regulatory T-cell proportion. In vivo experiments show that MSC infusion can prolong the survival time of allo-skin graft in baboon and ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Successful reports have been documented about clinical application of MSC in the management of graft-versus-host disease. In this review, the immunological characteristics and the immunomodulation functions in vitro and in vivo of MSC were summarized.
Animals ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunomodulation ; physiology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; immunology ; physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

In a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), donor CD8+T cells rapidly fall into anergy to host cells, while donor CD4+T cells hyperactivate B cells and break B-cell tolerance to self-Ags in the recipient mouse. The functional recovery of donor CD8+T cells can result in the conversion of cGVHD to acute GVHD (aGVHD), indicating that donor CD8+T-cell anergy is a restriction factor in the development of cGVHD. In this report, we present evidence that donor CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) are critical in maintaining the donor CD8+T-cell anergy and thus suppressing the development of aGVHD in mice that are naturally prone to cGVHD. Our results provide a novel insight into the role of T(reg) cells in determining cGVHD versus aGVHD.
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mice ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/*metabolism ; Immune Tolerance/physiology ; Graft vs Host Disease/*immunology ; Female ; Clonal Anergy/*physiology ; Chronic Disease ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Animals

The immunoregulatory effects of mescenchymal stem cell (MSC) and its application have become a hot research topic in recent years. This article reviews the up-to-dated research advances in the features and mechanisms of immune regulation of MSC and its application.
Animals ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the roles of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) and IL-33 in the pathogenesis of asthma in children.

METHODSFlow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)Treg proportion in CD4(+)T lymphocytes in.45 children with asthma, 50 children with wheezing caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection and 40 healthy children. Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-33 were measured using ELISA.

RESULTSThe level of peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)Treg in the asthma group was significantly lower than in the wheezing and control groups (P<0.05). In contrast, serum levels of IL-33 in the asthma group was significantly higher than in the wheezing and control groups (P<0.05). Peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)Treg level was negatively correlated with serum IL-33 level in the asthma group(r=-0.156, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)Treg may interact with IL-33 in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma.

Asthma ; etiology ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Interleukin-33 ; Interleukins ; physiology ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

OBJECTIVEPrevious studies have shown that bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) can deviate TH2 response toward TH1 response, resulting in a suppressive effect on the development of asthma/atopy. This study examined the effect of BCG treatment on regulatory T cells in asthmatic mice to investigate the possible mechanism.

METHODSKunming mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish asthmatic models. Asthmatic mice were injected intradermally with BCG five days before and after sensitization. After 24 hrs of last challenge, bronchoaveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood were collected . The total cells and eosinophils were counted in the BALF. The percentage of CD4(+) CD25(+) in peripheral blood was detected with flow cytometry. Single spleen cell suspension was prepared and cultured in 1640 medium for 48 hrs and then the cytokine IL-10 level in the supernatant was determined using ELISA. The mice which were challenged with normal saline were used as the Normal control group.

RESULTSThe number of total cells and eosinophils in BALF in asthmatic mice [(27.27 +/- 5.36) x 10(7)/L and (6.59 +/- 1.32) x 10(7)/L respectively] were more than in the Normal control group [(1.52 +/- 0.36) x 10(7)/L and zero respectively] (P < 0.01). The number of total cells and eosinophils in BALF in asthmatic mice were reduced after BCG treatment [(13.71 +/- 3.17) x 10(7)/L and (1.43 +/- 0.37) x 10(7)/L respectively] (P < 0.01). The percentage of CD4(+) CD25(+) in peripheral blood of asthmatic mice [(11.59 +/- 1.33)%] was noticeably lower than that of the Control group [(13.66 +/- 1.68)%] (P < 0.01), but increased significantly in asthmatic mice after BCG treatment [(14.40 +/- 2.70)%] (P < 0.05). The IL-10 level in spleen cell supernatant in the BCG-treated group (7.79 +/- 1.34 pg/mL) also increased compared with that in the untreated asthmatic mice (5.54 +/- 0.66 pg/mL) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSBCG can markedly inhibit the airway inflammation in asthmatic mice possibly by promoting the production of regulatory T cells.

Animals ; Asthma ; immunology ; therapy ; BCG Vaccine ; therapeutic use ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; cytology ; Interleukin-10 ; analysis ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the roles of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and Foxp3 mRNA in peripheral blood as well as serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

METHODSThe proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and expression of Foxp3 mRNA in peripheral blood, and total serum IgE level were tested by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and ELISA respectively in 57 children with RSV bronchiolitis (26 atopic patients and 31 nonatopic patients). Twenty five healthy children were used as the control group.

RESULTSThe proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in peripheral blood in children with bronchiolitis, either in the atopic (7.7+/- 1.6%)or the nonatopic group (8.8+/- 2.1%), was significantly lower than that in the control group (10.5+/- 1.6%) (P< 0.01). Foxp3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood was significantly lower in both atopic and nonatopic children with bronchiolitis than that in the control group (P< 0.01). Significantly increased total serum IgE level was noted in both atopic (241.2+/- 102.5 IU/mL) and nonatopic children (125.5+/- 63.2 IU/mL) with bronchiolitis compared with that in the control group (27.2+/- 10.5 IU/ml) (P< 0.01). There were significant differences in the proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and Foxp3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood (P< 0.05) as well as total serum IgE level (P< 0.01) between the atopic and the nonatopic group. The proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (r=-0.70, P< 0.01) and Foxp3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood (r=-0.79, P< 0.01) were closely negatively correlated to total serum IgE level.

CONCLUSIONSBoth the proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and Foxp3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood were reduced, in contrast, the total serum IgE level increased in children with RSV bronchiolitis. This suggested that CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and Foxp3 mRNA together with IgE participated in the pathogenesis of RSV bronchiolitis.

Bronchiolitis ; etiology ; immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Infant ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; blood ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; etiology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

Different functions have been attributed to CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) during malaria infection. Herein, we describe the disparity in Treg response and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA between young (3-week-old) and middle-aged (8-month-old) C57BL/6 mice. Young mice were susceptible to cerebral malaria (CM), while the middle-aged mice were resistant to CM and succumbed to hyperparasitemia and severe anemia. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, in young CM-susceptible mice were markedly higher than in middle-aged CM-resistant mice. An increased absolute number of Tregs 3-5 days post-inoculation, co-occurring with elevated IL-10 levels, was observed in middle-aged CM-resistant mice but not in young CM-susceptible mice. Our findings suggest that Treg proliferation might be associated with the suppression of excessive pro-inflammatory Th1 response during early malaria infection, leading to resistance to CM in the middle-aged mice, possibly in an IL-10-dependent manner.
Aging/*immunology ; Animals ; Cytokines/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Malaria/*immunology/*parasitology ; Mice ; Plasmodium berghei/*classification ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/classification/*physiology