The pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases has been considered to be related to abnormal differentiation of T cell subsets. This study was aimed at investigating the change of Th1-like and Th2-like cells balance in ITP children, and analyzing the role of T cell subsets disequilibrium in the pathogenesis of ITP. Peripheral blood T cells were collected from 30 ITP patients, the T-cells were isolated and purified. The ratios of Th/Tc, Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 in peripheral blood T cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and bicolor flow cytometry (FCM) in vitro. The results showed that as compared with the ratios of Th1/Th2 (48.76% +/- 6.17%) and Tc1/Tc2 (18.90% +/- 4.12%) in healthy children, the ratios of Th1/Th2 (56.21% +/- 5.95%) and Tc1/Tc2 (23.09% +/- 3.31%) in ITP children increased obviously. FCM analysis revealed that average percentages of Th, Th1, Th2, Tc, Tc1 and Tc2 were 22.31% +/- 6.51%, 21.92% +/- 6.42%, 0.39% +/- 0.14%, 31.12% +/- 6.15%, 30.95% +/- 5.45% and 1.34% +/- 0.84% in ITP children versus 39.24% +/- 5.82%, 39.01% +/- 5.47%, 0.80% +/- 0.16%, 30.25% +/- 5.63%, 28.72% +/- 5.20% and 1.52% +/- 0.68% in healthy children. The average percentages of Th, Th1 and Th2 decreased obviously, while the average percentages of Tc, Tc1 and Tc2 did not change. It is concluded that the ratios of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 in peripheral blood T cells increase obviously in ITP children and the cellular immunity in ITP children shifts to Th1 type immunity superiority, which suggest that the abnormal differentiation of T cell subsets may play an important role in the pathologic process of ITP.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; chemistry ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes in T helper lymphocytes and their subsets in children with tic disorders (TD) and their clinical significance.

METHODSFlow cytometry was used to measure the percentages of T helper lymphocytes and their subsets in the peripheral blood of children with TD and healthy children (controls).

RESULTSThe percentage of T helper lymphocytes was significantly lower in the TD group than in the control group (P<0.001). The abnormal rate of T helper lymphocytes in the TD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (68.7% vs 18.8%; P<0.001). The percentage of T helper lymphocytes was negatively correlated with Yale Global Tic Severity Scale score (r=-0.3945, P<0.001). As for the subsets of T helper lymphocytes, the TD group had a significantly higher percentage of Th1 cells and a significantly lower percentage of Th2 cells compared with the control group (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThe abnormality of T helper lymphocytes and the imbalance of their subsets may be associated with the pathogenesis of TD in children. The percentage of T helper lymphocytes can be used as an indicator for assessing the severity of TD.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; Tic Disorders ; genetics ; immunology

Adult ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; Lymphoma ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; Th1 Cells ; Th2 Cells

Since primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoummune disease of B cell hyperactivity and pathologic autoantibody response, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are suggested to be key players in pSS. We examined subsets of Tfh and Tfr cells from the blood in pSS patients, and whether these subsets represent disease activity, glandular inflammation, or autoantibody responses in pSS. Circulating Tfh and Tfr cells, along with their specific subsets, were identified from the peripheral blood of 18 pSS patients and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) using flow cytometry analysis. Blood Tfr and Tfh cell ratios were increased in pSS patients compared with HCs. The CCR7(lo)PD-1(hi) subset of circulating Tfh cells was increased in pSS patients with high degree of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis; whereas circulating Tfh cells did not differ between pSS patients and HCs. The frequency of CCR7(lo)PD-1(hi) Tfh cells was significantly correlated with disease activity scores and differentiated B cells. PD-1 expression on blood Tfh and Tfr cells showed positive correlations with IL-21 in pSS. Increasing trend of blood Tfr cells was observed in pSS patients, and blood Tfr cells (particularly Th1 and Th17 subsets) represented hypergammaglobulinemia in pSS. In summary, circulating CCR7(lo)PD-1(hi) Tfh cells indicated disease activity and glandular inflammation in pSS. Circulating Tfr cells, shifted toward Th1 and Th17 subsets, indicated ongoing IgG production in pSS. Subsets of circulating Tfh or Tfr cells could be biomarkers for disease monitoring and patient stratification in pSS.
Autoantibodies ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biomarkers ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Hypergammaglobulinemia ; Immunoglobulin G ; Inflammation ; Sialadenitis ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; T-Lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Adult ; Aged ; Colectomy ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Rectum ; surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; pathology ; Th1 Cells ; pathology ; Th2 Cells ; pathology

It was long believed that platelets are prematurely destroyed in the reticuloendothelial system by platelet autoantibodies in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. However, humoral mechanisms cannot account for all observations made in this disorder, and it is increasingly evident that cellular mechanisms contribute to platelet destruction. In this review the tolerance of T cell, abnormality of T cell apoptosis, abnormal activation of T cells, T cell subtype and its function changes, and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity were summarized.
Apoptosis ; immunology ; Autoantibodies ; immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunity, Cellular ; immunology ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; immunology

Adolescent ; Anemia, Aplastic ; blood ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Modified Zuoguiwan (MZ) on the balance between helper T cell subsets 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cell subsets (Treg) in estrogen deficiency induced bone loss mice and to explore its mechanism.

METHODSTotally 50 BALB/c mice were divided into the sham-operation group, the ovariectomy model group, the low dose MZ group, the middle dose MZ group, and the high dose MZ group by random digit table, 10 in each group. Mice in the low, middle, and high dose MZ groups were respectively administered with MZ at the daily dose of 7.25, 14.50, and 29.00 g/kg by gastrogavage, 0.5 mL each time for 12 successive weeks. Meanwhile, mice in the sham-operation group and the ovariectomy model group were administered with equal volume by gastrogavage, 0.50 mL each time. The serum estradiol (E2) level was assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bone mineral density (BMD) of thigh bone was measured with dual energy X ray absorptiometry. In addition, the population of Th17/Treg subsets in spleen mononuclear cells was analyzed by extracellular and intracellular staining method using flow cytometry. Moreover, the mRNA expression of IL-17A and TGF-β in the spleen mononuclear cells was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSCompared with the sham-operation group, both E2 and BMD significantly decreased, the percentage of Th17 subset and Th17/Treg ratio both increased, the percentage of Treg subset obviously decreased, the expression of IL-17A mRNA significantly increased, and the expression of TGF-β mRNA significantly decreased in the ovariectomy model group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, BMD obviously increased, the percentage of Th17 subset and Th17/Treg ratio both decreased, the percentage of Treg subset obviously increased, the expression of IL-17A mRNA significantly decreased, and the expression of TGF-β mRNA significantly increased in the middle dose MZ group and the high dose MZ group (all P < 0. 05). Correlation analyses showed that BMD was positively related to both the serum E2 level and the percentage of Treg subset (P < 0.05), but negatively related to the percentage of Th17 subset (P < 0.05). In addition, the serum E2 level was positively related to the percentage of Treg subset, but obviously negatively related to that of Th17 subset (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere was correlation between Th17/Treg imbalance and E2 deficient bone loss. MZ could decrease the proportion of Th17 subset, but elevate the proportion of Treg subset in E2 deficient bone loss mice. It could achieve therapeutic effect through adjusting the balance of Th17/Treg in E2 deficient bone loss mice.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Estrogens ; deficiency ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interleukin-17 ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; RNA, Messenger ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Th17 Cells ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism

Immune responses associated with bacterial infection involve various inflammatory cells. Clinical symptoms and pathologic features are particularly influenced by the predominant cells. Among inflammatory cells, T cells have the heterogenity. T cells may develop into the mature cells expressing the cell surface markers with different functions and T helper cells are categorized into Th1 and Th2 cells based on their different patterns of cytokine production. The objective of this study was to investigate the change of expression of surface markers on T cells and the Th1/Th2 immune response in pulpal inflammation associated with specific bacteria. We experimentally induced pulpal inflammation in rat incisors by drilling without coolant and innoculated with Streptococcus mutans (S.M. group), Porphyromonas endodontalis (P.E. group), or only sterile cotton (control group). After 1, 2, and 5 days, mandibular incisors were extracted and the pulp tissues were extirpated. The expressions of IL-2 recepters (CD25) and ICAM-1 (CD54) on CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the pulps were determined using a flow cytometer, and the concentration of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were as follows; 1. In the S.M. group, CD4+ cells were more increased at 2nd day than 1st day and in the P.E. group, CD8+ cells were more increased at 2nd day than 1st day. 2. The percentages of CD4+, CD4+25+ and CD4+54+ cells were decreased in the pulp tissues at 5th day after irritation in all groups. 3. The ratios of CD4+/CD8+, CD4+/CD4+25+ and CD4+/CD4+54+ in the pulps at 2nd day after irritation by P. endodontalis were significantly lower than the other groups. 4. The higher concentrations of IFN-gamma than IL-4 in the pulps at 2nd day after irritation by P. endodontalis showed that T helper 1 reaction were predominant in the early stage of the pulpal inflammation induced by P. endodontalis. 5. The higher concentrations of IL-4 than IFN-gamma in the pulps at 1st day and 5th day after irritation by S. mutans were measured but the differences were not significant.
Animals ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections ; Incisor ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Lymphocytes ; Mandrillus ; Porphyromonas endodontalis ; Rats ; Streptococcus mutans ; T-Lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; Th2 Cells

Various immunologic investigations of 159 patients with Behqets syndrome undertaken included; the DNCB sensitization test, total T-cells and T-cell subsets and the lymphocyte transformation test using PHA. The percentage of positive esponsiveness to DNCB decreased in the order of possible (65%), suspected (60%), incomplete (37%) and complete type (37%), The number of patients with impaired LTT was larger in the group of patients with DNCB( + ) responsiveness (seventeen of 32) than in DNCB(+) group (six of 25), There was significant impairment of cell mediated immunity in Behcets syndrome compared to normal subjects, when analyzed by the impaired LTT and decreased proportions of helper T-cells.
Behcet Syndrome* ; Dinitrochlorobenzene* ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular* ; Lymphocyte Activation ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; T-Lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer