1.Pemphigus foliaceous and thymoma: a report of 2 cases
Tang MM ; Lee YY ; Suganthi T
Malaysian Journal of Dermatology 2009;23(-):33-37
Pemphigus foliaceous (PF) is an autoimmune
blistering disease resulting from acquired
immunoglobulin G autoantibodies against
desmoglein 1 of the skin, which is one of the
adhesion molecules of keratinocytes. Clinically
patients with PF develop crusted and scaly erosions
mainly over the seborrhoeic distribution i.e. the
face, scalp and upper trunk. Mild cases of PF may
be localized but in some cases it may progress to
erythrodermic exfoliative dermatitis. There is
however no mucosal involvement in PF in contrast
to pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic
pemphigus. Light microscopy of lesional biopsy
shows subcorneal acantholysis. Direct
immunofluorescence study of perilesional skin
reveals presence of intraepithelial intercellular
deposit of IgG and C3. We describe 2 cases of PF in
the presence of thymoma, a relatively rare
association, which could further support the fact of
thymoma associated autoimmune disease.
2.Effect of oral or pulse cyclosphosphamide in recalcitrant pemphigus: an audit of eighteen patients
Tang MM ; Priya G ; Suganthi T
Malaysian Journal of Dermatology 2012;28(-):34-40
Background Autoimmune pemphigus is a potentially life threatening bullous disease. The
cornerstone of treatment is systemic corticosteroids. However, adjuvant therapy with
immunosuppressant drugs is commonly used to improve disease control and alleviate the high
morbidity and mortality associated with the use of corticosteroids. Adjunctive treatment with pulse
intravenous cyclophosphamide may be more efficacious and less toxic than other
immunosuppressants.
Objective To retrospectively review the clinical outcome of 18 patients with recalcitrant pemphigus
who were treated with cyclophosphamide over the past 10 years.
Methodology A retrospective study was conducted between 1985 and 2009 in thirteen Malaysian
dermatology centres. Data collected were analysed for comparison of relapse rates, compliance rates
and adverse drug effects between the 2 regimes.
Results Eighteen patients were included in this audit of which 12 patients had pemphigus vulgaris
and 6 patients had pemphigus foliaceous. Prior to treatment with cyclophosphamide, fourteen
patients were on azathioprine, three were given intravenous immunoglobulin, and two were
prescribed dapsone; however all these patients were either unresponsive, intolerant or suffered
serious side-effects with these drugs. Subsequently, 7 patients (median age: 31 years) received a
combination of pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide and either intravenous dexamethasone or
methylprednisolone. These seven patients received between 2 to 21 pulses of intravenous
cyclophosphamide and steroids at monthly intervals with oral prednisolone and cyclophosphamide
(50-100mg) in between pulses. The remaining 11 patients (median age: 46 years) received oral
cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. Of the 18 patients in our cohort, 15 achieved control and
consolidation of disease activity at an average of 4 weeks and 10 weeks respectively. The remaining
three patients are yet to achieve disease control. The total duration of treatment with
cyclophosphamide ranged from 2 to 62 months with a cumulative dose ranging from 2.95g to
93.55g. Four patients achieved partial remission on minimal therapy and 3 achieved complete
remission. None of patients experienced serious side effects.
Conclusion Cyclophosphamide may be an alternative treatment option in patients in patients with
pemphigus who fail to respond to standard therapy. Controlled trials are needed to further evaluate
the efficacy and safety of this therapy.
3.Helminths in alternative therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease
Himani PANDEY ; Daryl W. T. TANG ; Sunny H. WONG ; Devi LAL
Intestinal Research 2025;23(1):8-22
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a nonspecific chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite recent advances in therapeutics and newer management strategies, IBD largely remains untreatable. Helminth therapy is a promising alternative therapeutic for IBD that has gained some attention in the last two decades. Helminths have immunomodulatory effects and can alter the gut microbiota. The immunomodulatory effects include a strong Th2 immune response, T-regulatory cell response, and the production of regulatory cytokines. Although concrete evidence regarding the efficacy of helminth therapy in IBD is lacking, clinical studies and studies done in animal models have shown some promise. Most clinical studies have shown that helminth therapy is safe and easily tolerable. Extensive work has been done on the whipworm Trichuris, but other helminths, including Schistosoma, Trichinella, Heligmosomoides, and Ancylostoma, have also been explored for pre-clinical and animal studies. This review article summarizes the potential of helminth therapy as an alternative therapeutic or an adjuvant to the existing therapeutic procedures for IBD treatment.
4.Helminths in alternative therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease
Himani PANDEY ; Daryl W. T. TANG ; Sunny H. WONG ; Devi LAL
Intestinal Research 2025;23(1):8-22
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a nonspecific chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite recent advances in therapeutics and newer management strategies, IBD largely remains untreatable. Helminth therapy is a promising alternative therapeutic for IBD that has gained some attention in the last two decades. Helminths have immunomodulatory effects and can alter the gut microbiota. The immunomodulatory effects include a strong Th2 immune response, T-regulatory cell response, and the production of regulatory cytokines. Although concrete evidence regarding the efficacy of helminth therapy in IBD is lacking, clinical studies and studies done in animal models have shown some promise. Most clinical studies have shown that helminth therapy is safe and easily tolerable. Extensive work has been done on the whipworm Trichuris, but other helminths, including Schistosoma, Trichinella, Heligmosomoides, and Ancylostoma, have also been explored for pre-clinical and animal studies. This review article summarizes the potential of helminth therapy as an alternative therapeutic or an adjuvant to the existing therapeutic procedures for IBD treatment.
5.Helminths in alternative therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease
Himani PANDEY ; Daryl W. T. TANG ; Sunny H. WONG ; Devi LAL
Intestinal Research 2025;23(1):8-22
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a nonspecific chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite recent advances in therapeutics and newer management strategies, IBD largely remains untreatable. Helminth therapy is a promising alternative therapeutic for IBD that has gained some attention in the last two decades. Helminths have immunomodulatory effects and can alter the gut microbiota. The immunomodulatory effects include a strong Th2 immune response, T-regulatory cell response, and the production of regulatory cytokines. Although concrete evidence regarding the efficacy of helminth therapy in IBD is lacking, clinical studies and studies done in animal models have shown some promise. Most clinical studies have shown that helminth therapy is safe and easily tolerable. Extensive work has been done on the whipworm Trichuris, but other helminths, including Schistosoma, Trichinella, Heligmosomoides, and Ancylostoma, have also been explored for pre-clinical and animal studies. This review article summarizes the potential of helminth therapy as an alternative therapeutic or an adjuvant to the existing therapeutic procedures for IBD treatment.
6.Genotyping and preparation of the recombinant nucleocapsid protein antigen of hantavirus
JQ TANG ; M CAO ; T TANG ; CJ WANG ; CB WEI ; WL LEI
Chinese Medical Journal 2001;114(10):1030-1034
Objective To identify new recombinant antigens with potential for diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrom (HFRS) and establish reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphism (RT-PCR-RFLP) for genotyping of hantavirus. Methods One group of primers was used to clone the full-length S genome segment and the partial S genorme segment of the N-terminal. The two cloned genes were both fusionally expressed and non fusionally expressed in the T7 system. The other group of primers was used to establish a RT-PCR method to detect RNAs in 37 virus isolates, 2 positive standard virus strains of hantavirus and 5 negative controls. The method for typing RFLP was set up by digesting the PCR products of 20 virus isolates with Ras Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ. Results The non-fusionally expressed products with a working concentration of 1:10 000 by chapping enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), presented good biological activity though yields were lower than that of the fusionally expressed products.The specific component of the hantavirus genome (299 bp or 577 bp) wes seen in all viral samples. The genotyping of hantavirus showed that 9 out of the total were hantann (HTN) viruses, 8 were seol (SEO) viruses and 3 were not determined. Conclusions The good working titrer of expressed recombinant antigen showed that it has the potential to replace the natural antigen for detecting hantavirus antibodies. On comparison with cELISA, the detection rates for these two methods were 100% and 84.6%, and the coincidence rate was 84.6%. The former had a 15.4% higher sensitivity than the latter. The typing efficiency of RT-PCR-RFLP and sero-typing method was 85% (17/20) and 55% (11/20), respectively, showing that the former was 30% higher than the latter, while their results were highly consistant.
7.The role of topical traditional chinese medicaments as contact sensitisers in chronic venous leg ulcer patients.
Kar Seng LIM ; Mark B Y TANG ; Anthony T J GOON ; Yung Hian LEOW
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2007;36(11):942-946
INTRODUCTIONLeg ulcers are a chronic condition affecting the older population. In Singapore, the use of topical traditional Chinese medicaments (TTCM) is common amongst those older than 65 years of age. We study the role of TTCM as contact sensitisers in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers and its impact in the clinical management of these patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODSPatients with chronic leg ulcers attending the Wound and Ulcer Clinic at the National Skin Centre (NSC) between October 2005 and April 2006 were patch-tested to the NSC TTCM series. They were also patch-tested for other allergens from the NSC Standard Series, Medicament Series, Steroid Series and wound dressings.
RESULTSA total of 44 patients were patch-tested. Seventeen of the 44 (38.7%) patients were using or had used at least 1 TTCM. Seven patients (15.9%) had at least 1 positive patch test (PT) reading to TTCM, giving a sensitisation rate of 41% (7 of 17). A significantly high proportion of the patients, 94.1% (16 of 17) with a positive history of TTCM usage had at least 1 positive PT reading compared to those without a history of TTCM usage, 45.8% (11 of 24).
CONCLUSIONTTCM play an important role as contact sensitisers in our patients with chronic venous leg ulcers and may be a significant factor in non- or poor-healing leg ulcers. In such patients, a history of TTCM usage should be sought for and patch testing should include the commonly used TTCM where relevant.
Administration, Topical ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chronic Disease ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Leg Ulcer ; drug therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Varicose Ulcer ; drug therapy
8.Gut microbiota in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease
Himani PANDEY ; Dheeraj JAIN ; Daryl W. T. TANG ; Sunny H. WONG ; Devi LAL
Intestinal Research 2024;22(1):15-43
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, which is thought to be an interplay between genetic, environment, microbiota, and immune-mediated factors. Dysbiosis in the gut microbial composition, caused by antibiotics and diet, is closely related to the initiation and progression of IBD. Differences in gut microbiota composition between IBD patients and healthy individuals have been found, with reduced biodiversity of commensal microbes and colonization of opportunistic microbes in IBD patients. Gut microbiota can, therefore, potentially be used for diagnosing and prognosticating IBD, and predicting its treatment response. Currently, there are no curative therapies for IBD. Microbiota-based interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been recognized as promising therapeutic strategies. Clinical studies and studies done in animal models have provided sufficient evidence that microbiota-based interventions may improve inflammation, the remission rate, and microscopic aspects of IBD. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of action of such interventions. This will help in enhancing their effectiveness and developing personalized therapies. The present review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and IBD immunopathogenesis. It also discusses the use of gut microbiota as a noninvasive biomarker and potential therapeutic option.
9.Scanning laser polarimetry in pulmonary tuberculosis patients on chemotherapy.
Wilson W T TANG ; Jimmy S M LAI ; Clement C Y THAM ; Kam-Keung CHAN ; Kin-Sang CHAN
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2006;35(6):395-399
INTRODUCTIONThe aim of this study was to analyse the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients on ethambutol and isoniazid.
MATERIALS AND METHODSThis was a prospective cohort study where patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis requiring chemotherapy, including ethambutol and isoniazid, were imaged using scanning laser polarimetry. Their mean baseline RNFL thickness and various scanning laser polarimetry parameters of both eyes were measured 2 weeks after the commencement of chemotherapy. The measurements were repeated at 3 months and 6 months after treatment. The various parameters of the baseline and the follow-up measurements were compared using paired sample t-test with Bonferroni correction.
RESULTSTwenty-four patients (16 males and 8 females; mean age, 51.0 +/- 17.6 years) were recruited. There was no statistically significant difference between the baseline and the follow-up measurements in RNFL thickness and all other scanning laser polarimetry parameters.
CONCLUSIONIn this cohort of subjects, there was no subclinical change in RNFL thickness detected by scanning laser polarimetry in pulmonary tuberculosis patients on chemotherapy, including ethambutol and isoniazid, after 6 months of treatment.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antitubercular Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Ethambutol ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Lasers ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Retinal Diseases ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; drug therapy
10.A case of myeloid sarcoma with unusually extensive and rapidly progressive skin manifestations.
Eugene S T TAN ; Mark B Y TANG ; Keith Y K GUAN ; Joyce S S LEE ; Lorenzo CERRONI ; Suat Hoon TAN
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2011;40(9):424-426
Aged
;
Dermis
;
pathology
;
Disease Progression
;
Extremities
;
Face
;
Fatal Outcome
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Sarcoma, Myeloid
;
pathology
;
Skin
;
pathology
;
Thorax