Twenty batches of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus(AFI) were collected, with their peel and pulp taken as research objects. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) fingerprints of peel and pulp of AFI were established with 17 common peaks in peel and 10 in pulp. Six kinds of flavonoids were identified, i.e., narirutin, naringin, rhoifolin, hesperidin, neohesperidin and nobiletin. The Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine was employed for similarity analysis, which showed that the chromatographic peaks of peel and pulp were basically similar to their respective reference fingerprints, with all similarities greater than 0.90. The similarity between peel and pulp of the same batch of AFI ranged from 0.850 to 0.983. Cluster analysis(CA), principal component analysis(PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were conducted on the common peaks of peel and pulp of AFI with SPSS 17.0 and SIMCA 14.1. Combined with the reference fingerprints, these analyses revealed 12 differential components regarding peel and pulp. Further, the content of the 6 flavonoids and synephrine was determined. The proposed method integrating UPLC fingerprint and multicomponent quantitative analysis is applicable to the quality evaluation of AFI. The results provide a certain basis for the scientific connotation about the appearance characteristic of AFI.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Synephrine

No abstract available.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Synephrine/*adverse effects ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/*chemically induced

OBJECTIVETo develop a HPLC method for the determination of synephrine and arecoline contents in Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid.

METHODThe analysis was performed on a Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with acetonitrile-methanol-0.1% acetic acid solution (containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.6 g and SDS 1.0 g per 1 000 mL) (15: 30: 55) as mobile phase. The detection wavelength was set at 215 nm.

RESULTThe synephrine and arecoline concentrations had good linear relationship between 0.281 5-2.815 and 0.040 16-0.401 6 microg (r > 0.999 7), and the average recoveries of the two compounds were 97.1% (RSD 1.4%) and 100% (RSD 1.3%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, accurate and sensitive.

Arecoline ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Synephrine ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo establish a quantitative method for determination of synephrine and N-methyltyramine in Citri Reticulatae.

METHODSamples were extracted with 30% methanol. ODS column was used with methanol-water-sodium dodecyl sulfate (55:45:0.1) as mobile phase. Detection wavelength was 285 nm.

RESULTSynephrine and N-methyltyramine in sample solution were well separated. Linearity of synephrine was good (r = 0.9999) in range of 0.35-11.24 microg. The average recovery was 97.1%, and RSD of repeatability was 1.9%.

CONCLUSIONThis method can be used for quality control of Citri Reticulatae.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Seasons ; Synephrine ; analysis ; Tyramine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis

Apical ballooning syndrome (ABS) is a unique reversible cardiomyopathy that is frequently precipitated by emotional or physical stress. In addition, the few drugs reported to precipitate ABS were either illegal or strictly controlled for medical use. This paper reports a case of ABS precipitated by a dietary supplement. Our case accentuates the potential risk of dietary supplements containing synephrine, which is uncontrolled and available to the general public. Therefore, the Korea Food and Drug Administration should regulate these dietary supplements, and warn healthcare workers and the general public of the potential hazards of the indiscriminate abuse of dietary supplements.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/*adverse effects ; Dietary Supplements/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Synephrine/*adverse effects ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/*chemically induced ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo determine the contents of 3 kinds of components in Fructus aurantii immaturus.

METHODHPLC analysis was performed to detect the contents of hesperidin, naringin and synephrine. The content of volatile oil was detected determined following the method of Chinese pharmacopoeia.

RESULTThe contents of hesperidin, naringin, synephrine and volatile oil in ten samples are from 1.25% to 16.6%, 0% to 13.9%, 0.058 5% to 0.676% and 0.1% to 2.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe contentre are significant differences of among chemical components in from different samples of Fructus aurantii immaturus are greats.

China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Flavanones ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Hesperidin ; analysis ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Synephrine ; analysis