Animals ; Autonomic Nervous System ; physiology ; Humans ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; physiology ; Sepsis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiology

Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology

This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of adrenergic system in the subnucleus commissuriu of nucleus solitrius tractus (CNTS) on renal nerve discharges. Norepinephrine (NE) was microinjected into the CNTS of rabbits and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and renal nerve discharges (FRND) were synchronously recorded. The results indicated that (1) microinjection of norepinephine into the CNTS of rabbit could significantly attenuate the frequency of renal nerve discharge, and at the same time decrease markedly the mean arterial pressure. (2) Microinjection of 0.3 nmol yohimbin into CNTS had no significant influence on FRND and MAP, but could attenuate and even reverse the effects of NE on FRND and MAP. These results suggest that microinjection of NE into CNTS may activate the alpha-adrenorecptor located in CNTS and secondarily produce a depressor effect by attenuating the activity of periphenal sympathetic nervous system.
Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Depression, Chemical ; Kidney/*innervation ; Microinjections ; Norepinephrine/*pharmacology ; Solitary Nucleus/*physiology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiopathology ; Vasomotor System/physiopathology

Catheter Ablation ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Kidney ; innervation ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology

Apoptosis ; Child ; Heart Failure ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Ventricular Remodeling

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between sympathetic remodeling and electrical remodeling at the infarcted border zone (IBZ) of rabbit with chronic myocardial infarction (MI).

METHODSThirty rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups: MI group (n = 20): ligation of the anterior descending coronary; sham operation (SO) group (n = 10): without contrary ligation. Eight weeks after surgery, transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) at baseline, during sympathetic nerve stimulation, TDR change (DeltaTDR) during sympathetic nerve stimulation and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were measured at the IBZ in MI group and corresponding zone in SO group. The distribution and densities of growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive nerves in ventricle were also detected with immunohistochemical techniques.

RESULTSEighteen rabbits in the MI group and 10 in the SO group survived to the end of the study. The densities of GAP43 and TH at the IBZ in the MI group were significantly higher than that at the corresponding zone in the SO group (both P < 0.05). The densities of GAP43 and TH in MI rabbits positively correlated with TDR at baseline, TDR or DeltaTDR during sympathetic nerve stimulation (all P < 0.01) and both showed a weak negative correlation with VFT (r =-0.44, P = 0.07; r = -0.41, P = 0.09, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSympathetic remodeling is correlated with electrical remodeling at the IBZ in rabbits with chronic MI.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology

Diabetic Neuropathies ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Skin ; innervation ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiology

Stress or neuroendocrine response usually occurs soon after trauma, which is central to the maintenance of post-traumatic homeostasis. Immune inflammatory response has been recognized to be a key element both in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic complications and in tissue repair. Despite the existence of multiple and intricate interconnected neuroendocrine pathways, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system have been considered to be the most important in trauma. Although the short-term and appropriate activation of these stress responses is vital to the host's adaptation, prolonged duration and exaggerative magnitude of their activity leads to deleterious effects on immune function in trauma, causing immune dissonance. The overall appropriate and controlled activation and termination of the neuroendocrine responses that mediate the necessary physiological functions involved in maintaining and restoring homeostasis in the event of trauma are of critical importance. This review will describe the effects of some important neuroendocrine responses on immune system. Present evidences indicate that the neuroendocrine and immune systems form a cohesive and integrated early host response to trauma, and identify areas for further research to fully elucidate the regulatory role of neuroendocrine system in trauma.
Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; physiology ; Immune System ; physiology ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; physiology ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; physiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiology

The present study was designed to examine the possible relationship between the function of the labyrinth and the role of the sympathetic nervous system In experimental motion sickness produced by rotatory movement(8O r.p.m.). The catecholamines in the brain, the heart and the adrenal gland of rats were rapidly reduced to one half of normal values following exposure to rotatory movement. The pretreatment with streptomycin and dramamine completely prevented the depletion by the rotatory movement of the catecholamines in the brain, the heart and the adrenal gland, but scopolamine did not prevent the decrease. Bretylium or chlorpromazine signifcantly inhibited reduction of the catechol-amines in both of the brain and the heart. However they did not influence the decrease in the adrenal gland. The reduction of the tissue catecholamines in rotatory movement is presumed to be caused largely by activation of the sympathetic nervous system mediated through labyrinthine stimulation.
Animals ; Catecholamines/*metabolism ; Labyrinth/*physiopathology ; Male ; Motion Sickness/*etiology ; Rats ; *Rotation ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiopathology ; OID - NASA: 70030571

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of two different hypoxia patterns on blood pressure and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Eighteen male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the intermittent hypoxia group (IH group), the continuous hypoxia group (CH group) and the normal control group (NC group). The rats of the IH and CH group were subjected to intermittent hypoxia (7 h/d) and continuous hypoxia (7 h/d) for 42 days respectively. The NC group rats were untreated. The levels of arteria caudilis systolic pressure (ACSP) were measured with noninvasive rats arteria caudilis gauge before the experiment, at the end of 3rd, 6th week of the experiment. The concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) in serum and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in plasma were respectively measured by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the ability of inhibiting hydroxyl free radical in serum were analyzed by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric analysis (TBAR) at the end of 6th week. RESULTS: At the end of 3rd week, the levels of ACSP were considerably higher than those before the treatment (P<0.05). The concentrations of ACSP, NE, MDA, NPY in the IH group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups at the end of 6th week (all P<0.01). The ability of inhibiting hydroxyl free radical were decreased by the intermittent hypoxia treatment (all P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in ACSP, NE, MDA, NPY between CH and NC group (all P>0.05). The levels of NE, NPY and MDA were positively related with ACSP (r=0.873, P<0.01; r=0.671, P<0.01; r=0.582, P<0.05). The correlation between the ability of inhibiting hydroxyl free radical and ACSP was negative (r=-0.790, P<0.01). the concentrations of MDA were positively related with NE and NPY respectively (r=0.843, 0.777, P<0.01) and the ability of inhibiting hydroxyl free radical was negatively related with NE and NPY respectively (r=-0.864, -0.717, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Intermittent hypoxia can induce high blood pressure, which may be related to the sympathetic over-activity and the oxidative stress.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Hypoxia ; classification ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology