Objective: To explore the characteristics of Banna miniature pig liver failure induced by amanita exitialis. Methods: From September to October 2020, a reverse high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was used to determine the toxin content of amanita exitialis solution, and 2.0 mg/kg amanita exitialis solution (α-amanitins+β-amanitins) was administered orally to Banna miniature pigs. Toxic symptoms, blood biochemical indexes and histopathological changes of liver, heart and kidney were observed at each time point. Results: All Banna miniature pigs died within 76 h of exposure, and different degrees of digestive tract symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea appeared between 6 and 36 h. The biochemical indexes of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, creatine kinase isoenzyme, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased significantly at 52 h after exposure, and the differences were statistically significant compared with 0 h (P<0.05). The bleeding of liver and heart was obvious under macroscopic and microscopic observation, hepatocyte necrosis, renal tubule epithelial cell swelling. Conclusion: Large dose of amanita exitialis can cause acute liver failure of Banna miniature pigs, which is in line with the pathophysiological characteristics of acute liver failure, and lays a foundation for further research on the toxic mechanism and detoxification drugs of amanita exitialis induced liver failure.
Animals ; Swine ; Amanitins/metabolism* ; Swine, Miniature/metabolism* ; Amanita/metabolism* ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Mushroom Poisoning/diagnosis*

OBJECTIVETo study scutellarin starch microspheres' permeability through nasal mucosa of different animals in vitro.

METHODThe Franz diffusion cell method was used to experiment the permeability test (n = 4), taking fresh nasal mucosa of dog, swine and domestica in vitro as permeation barrier separately, with scutellarin starch microspheres (scutellarin 0.25 mg) above them, and blank pH 6.8 PBS as absorption liquid to detemine the scutellarin by HPLC.

RESULTThe permeability coefficient of scutellarin starch microspheres through nasal mucosa of dog, swine and domestica in vitro were (5.295 +/- 0.637) x 10(-3) (4.065 +/- 1.140) x 10(-3), (1.855 +/- 0.150) x 10(-3) cm x mL(-1) separately. The permeability coefficient order of scutellarin starch microspheres through nasal mucosa of different animals in vitro is dog > swine > domestica, and there are significant differences between the permeability coefficient of scutellarin starch microspheres through nasal mucosa of dog, swine in vitro, and that through nasal mucosa of swine and domestica in vitro.

CONCLUSIONDrugs in scutellarin starch microspheres could permeate through the above-mentioned nasal mucosa in vitro. There might be different permeability coefficient among different species.

Animals ; Apigenin ; pharmacokinetics ; Dogs ; Glucuronates ; pharmacokinetics ; Microspheres ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Permeability ; Starch ; pharmacokinetics ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

BACKGROUNDPorcine liver performing efficient physiological functions in the human body is prerequisite for successful liver xenotransplantation. However, the protein differences between pig and human remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the liver expression profile of a highly inbred minipig line.

METHODSA cDNA library was constructed from liver tissue of an inbred Banna minipig. Two hundred randomly selected clones were sequenced then analysed by BLAST programme.

RESULTSAlignments of the sequences showed 44% encoded previously known porcine genes. Among the 56% unknown genes, sequences of 72 clones had high similarities with known genes of other species and the similarities to human were mostly above 0.80. The other 40 clones showing no similarity to genes in National Centre for Biotechnology Information are newly discovered, expressed sequence tags specific to liver of inbred Banna minipig. Twenty-two of the 200 clones had full length encoding regions, 38 complete 5' terminal sequences and 140 complete 3' terminal sequences.

CONCLUSIONThese newly discovered expression sequences may be an important resource for research involving physiological characteristics and medical usage of inbred pigs and contribute to matching studies in xenotransplantation.

Animals ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Library ; Liver ; metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Transplantation, Heterologous

This study aims to investigate metabolic activities of psoralidin in human liver microsomes( HLM) and intestinal microsomes( HIM),and to identify cytochrome P450 enzymes( CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyl transferases( UGTs) involved in psoralidin metabolism as well as species differences in the in vitro metabolism of psoralen. First,after incubation serial of psoralidin solutions with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate( NADPH) or uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronic acid( UDPGA)-supplemented HLM or HIM,two oxidic products( M1 and M2) and two conjugated glucuronides( G1 and G2) were produced in HLM-mediated incubation system,while only M1 and G1 were detected in HIM-supplemented system. The CLintfor M1 in HLM and HIM were 104. 3,and57. 6 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1),respectively,while those for G1 were 543. 3,and 75. 9 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1),respectively. Furthermore,reaction phenotyping was performed to identify the main contributors to psoralidin metabolism after incubation of psoralidin with NADPH-supplemented twelve CYP isozymes( or UDPGA-supplemented twelve UGT enzymes),respectively. The results showed that CYP1 A1( 39. 5 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),CYP2 C8( 88. 0 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),CYP2 C19( 166. 7 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),and CYP2 D6( 9. 1 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)) were identified as the main CYP isoforms for M1,whereas CYP2 C19( 42. 0 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)) participated more in producing M2. In addition,UGT1 A1( 1 184. 4 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),UGT1 A7( 922. 8 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),UGT1 A8( 133. 0 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),UGT1 A9( 348. 6 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)) and UGT2 B7( 118. 7 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)) played important roles in the generation of G1,while UGT1 A9( 111. 3 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)) was regarded as the key UGT isozyme for G2. Moreover,different concentrations of psoralidin were incubated with monkey liver microsomes( MkLM),rat liver microsomes( RLM),mice liver microsomes( MLM),dog liver microsomes( DLM) and mini-pig liver microsomes( MpLM),respectively. The obtained CLintwere used to evaluate the species differences.Phase Ⅰ metabolism and glucuronidation of psoralidinby liver microsomes showed significant species differences. In general,psoralidin underwent efficient hepatic and intestinal metabolisms. CYP1 A1,CYP2 C8,CYP2 C19,CYP2 D6 and UGT1 A1,UGT1 A7,UGT1 A8,UGT1 A9,UGT2 B7 were identified as the main contributors responsible for phase Ⅰ metabolism and glucuronidation,respectively. Rat and mini-pig were considered as the appropriate model animals to investigate phase Ⅰ metabolism and glucuronidation,respectively.
Animals ; Benzofurans ; Coumarins ; Dogs ; Glucuronides ; Glucuronosyltransferase/metabolism* ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism* ; Phenotype ; Rats ; Species Specificity ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of ileocecum interposition (ii) graft as pylorus replacement in alimentary reconstruction.

METHODSTwenty- one minipigs were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (control group), B - i group and ii group. The levels of blood glucose were measured by quick blood glucose testing of paper at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes of oral glucose after 60 and 120 post- operative days to compare gastric emptying of liquid feeds.

RESULTSTwo months after operation,the peak of blood glucose was (7.8+/- 1.0)mmol/ L, (7.1+/- 0.8)mmol/ L, (4.1+/- 0.4)mmol/ L in B - i, ii group and control group respectively, there were significant differences between the two operation groups and control group (P< 0.01). Four months after operation, the peak of blood glucose was (6.9+/- 1.0) mmol/ L, (5.2+/- 0.8)mmol/ L, (4.2+/- 0.5)mmol/ L, respectively, there was no significant difference between ii group and control group (P > 0.05),but there were significant differences between both of the above two groups and B - i group (P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe ileocecum interposition graft can offer specific advantages over current reconstruction procedures.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Female ; Gastric Emptying ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Ileocecal Valve ; transplantation ; Male ; Pylorus ; surgery ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

By now, the digestive stability experiments provided by most authoritative organizations are in vitro tests. Evaluating the protein digestive stability with in vivo models should be more objective. The present study aimed to verify the in vivo digestibility of soybean β-conglycinin β-subunit in Wuzhishan (WZS) minipigs. Three minipigs were surgically fitted with O-stomach and T-ileum cannulae and fed with soybean meals. According to SDS-PAGE, the 50 kD fraction of soybean β-conglycinin β-subunit persisted in the gastric fluid until 6 h after feeding, which was detected at 3 h and clearly visible at 4-6 h in the intestinal fluid. Western blot with anti-β-conglycinin β-subunit McAb confirmed it.
Animals ; Antigens, Plant ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Digestion ; physiology ; Globulins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male ; Protein Subunits ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Seed Storage Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Soybean Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; physiology

In the present study, the detrimental effect of beta-emission on pig skin was evaluated. Skin injury was modeled in mini-pigs by exposing the animals to 50 and 100 Gy of beta-emission delivered by 166Ho patches. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical changes in exposed skin were monitored for 18 weeks after beta-irradiation. Radiation induced desquamation at 2~4 weeks and gradual repair of this damage was evident 6 weeks after irradiation. Changes in basal cell density and skin depth corresponded to clinically relevant changes. Skin thickness began to decrease 1 week after irradiation, and the skin was thinnest 4 weeks after irradiation. Skin thickness increased transiently during recovery from irradiation-induced skin injury, which was evident 6~8 weeks after irradiation. Epidermal expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) differed significantly between the untreated and irradiated areas. One week after irradiation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was mostly limited to the basal cell layer and scattered among these cells. High levels of COX-2 expression were detected throughout the full depth of the skin 4 weeks after irradiation. These findings suggest that NF-kappaB and COX-2 play roles in epidermal cell regeneration following beta-irradiation of mini-pig skin.
Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics/*metabolism ; *Holmium ; Male ; NF-kappa B/genetics/*metabolism ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental/metabolism/*veterinary ; Skin/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bradykinin ; metabolism ; Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists ; Ischemia ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Muscle, Skeletal ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Myocardial Infarction ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of different methods of scrotal reconstruction on the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and expression of the bcl-2 protein in patients with third-degree scrotal burns.

METHODSForty male and 24 female 2-month-old Guizhou mini-pigs were used in this study, the former equally randomized to groups I (normal control), II (natural healing), III (skin grafting) and IV (skin flap grafting). Ten months after the establishment of the model of third-degree burns, 6 male pigs from each group were paired with the female pigs and fed for 3 weeks. Then the female pigs were fed for another 4 months, followed by observation of their reproductivity. At 12 months, the bilateral testes were taken from the male pigs for detection of the apoptosis index of spermatogenic cells by TUNEL and determination of the expression of the bcl-2 protein by immunohistochemistry. The data obtained were subjected to single factor analysis of variance.

RESULTSThe apoptosis indexes of spermatogenic cells were (7.07 +/- 3.5), (40.34 +/- 4.85), (15.14 +/- 1.36) and (39.29 +/- 5.73)% in groups I , II, III and IV, respectively, significantly higher in groups II , III and IV than in I (P<0.05), with statistically significant differences between group III and groups II and IV (P<0.05) but not between II and IV (P>0.05). The expression rates of the bcl-2 protein were (75.07 +/- 3.74), (54.93 +/- 4.03), (66.85 +/- 3.06) and (53.33 +/- 5.22)% in groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively, remarkably higher in I than in the other three (P<0.05), with significant differences between group III and groups II and IV (P<0.05) but not between II and IV (P>0.05). Pregnancies were found in all the female pigs of group I with 10.0 +/- 1.18 newborns and in 4 of group III with 9.92 +/- 1.31 newborns, but in none of groups II and IV, with significant differences between group I and the other three (P<0.05) as well as between group III and groups II and IV (P<0.05), but not between II and IV (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONAll the three methods of reconstruction for the scrotum with third-degree burns can suppress spermatogenic function, increase the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and decrease the expression of the bcl-2 protein, among which, skin grafting least affects spermatogenic function.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Burns ; surgery ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Scrotum ; injuries ; metabolism ; surgery ; Seminiferous Epithelium ; cytology ; metabolism ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Spermatogenesis ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

OBJECTIVETo investigate potential pathophysiological role of cardiac mast cells accumulation and degranulation on the collagen deposition after coronary microembolization (CME).

METHODSCME was induced in miniswine by selective infusion of 15X10(4) microspheres (diameter, 45 mum) into the left anterior descending artery groups (CME group, n=8). Some CME-induced animals were pretreated with the MC stabilizer tranilast (50 mg/kg, twice daily), beginning 2 weeks before CME and thereafter throughout the experimental period (CME +tranilast group, n=8), while some animals received tranilast without CME (tranilast group, n=8). Eight sham-operated animals without CME served as controls. After 30 days, the total number of MC and degranulating MCs and collagen deposition was assessed by histological and electronic microscopy studies.

RESULTSThe numbers of total and degranulating MCs and collagen volume fraction (CVF) at day 30 in CME group were significantly higher than those in controls (P <0.01). Treatment with tranilast significantly reduced the numbers of total and degranulating MCs and CVF at day 30 (all P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation of the CVF with the number of total MCs (r=0.91, P <0.001) and degranulating MCs (r=0.92, P <0.001) over the CME myocardium.

CONCLUSIONMCs accumulation and degranulating contribute to myocardial fibrosis collagen deposition.

Animals ; Cell Degranulation ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Embolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Mast Cells ; pathology ; physiology ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature