Objective To establish the reference value about index of serum thyroid specific during pregnancy ,Improve the birth population quality in this district .Methods Collect the blood serum sample of normal pregnant women according to Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum Guide,to establish the reference value about index of serum thyroid specific during pregnancy .Total 167 cases were collect ,the first trimester were 47 cases ,the second trimester were 86 cases ,and the third trimester were 34 cases .The TSH and FT4 were detected in the cobas e 601 .The mean and standard deviation of TSH and FT4 in the three period of pregnancy were performed with SPSS14 .0 then established the the 95% confidence interval of TSH and FT4 of the three period of pregnancy .That was the the reference value about index of serum thyroid specific during pregnancy .Re‐sults The reference value of the TSH was 0 .05-2 .90 mIU/L in the first trimester ,FT4 was 12 .5-18 .3 pmol/L in the first tri‐mester ;The reference value of TSH was 0 .2-3 .63 mIU/L in the second trimester ,FT4 was 9 .99-16 .2 pmol/L in the second tri‐mester ;The reference value of TSH was 0 .17-4 .90 mIU/L in the third trimester ,FT4 was 9 .34-13 .9 pmol/L in the third tri‐mester .Conclusion Electrochemiluminescence detect the reference value about index of serum thyroid specific during pregnancy on Cobas e 601 ,could improve the detection rate of local gestational thyroid dysfunction ,and lay a solid foundation for the prenatal and postnatal care and improve the quality of the population .

Objective To explore the correlations of expression of Fas, FasL and C-erbB-2, its clinical significance and the correlation prognosis. Methods To protect the expression of mFas, mFasL and C-erbB-2 by immunohistochemistry SP method. To protect the sFas content by ELISA method. Results The expression of Fas showed lowest levels in breast carcinoma, showed lower levels in fibro-adenoma of breast and breast atypical hyperplasia, and showed highest levels in normal controls. The expression of FasL showed adversely, sFas showed highest levels in breast carcinoma, then in breast atypical hyperplasia, and showed lowest levels in normal control group. Fas and C-erbB-2 obviously presented negative correlation. Conclusion The expression of mFas showed inhibition in breast carcinoma, adversely the expression of mFasL showed enhancement, hint abnormality expression of mFas, mFasL may relevant tomammary glands cancer of occurrence and development. It can be used for estimating prognosis, but need a further research.

Objective To investigate the influence of nursing intervention on hormone treatment compliance of patients with nephrotic syndrome. Methods 130 patients with nephrotic syndrome who received hormone treatment were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group ac-cording to the time of admission. The control group were treated with conventional nursing, and the ex-perimental group was given whole-process health education besides conventional nursing.Using question-naires, the level of relevant knowledge and medication compliance were compared between the two groups .The results underwent χ2 and t test. Results The treatment compliance was not significant be-fore nursing intervention, while after nursing intervention, the treatment compliance of the experimental group was better than that of the control group. The score of relevant knowledge about nephrotic syn-drome of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group Conclusions Active nurs-ing intervention can improve the health knowledge level of patients and improve the treatment compli-ance of hormone therapy.

BACKGROUND: Old people above 80 years old have a high incidence of dizziness and tumble, which are associated with weakening vestibular function, balance function and optokinetic function.OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to make a quantitative evaluation of vestibular function,balance function and optokinetic function in people over 80 years old.DESIGN:It was a quantitative study on posture function(vestibular and balance function),auditory function(frequency audiometry)and visual function (optokinetic function) in elderly persons.SETTING:Department of Otolaryngology ,General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS:Totally 41 old male inpatients with systemic diseases in Rehabilitation Department of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA, with an age from 80 to 94 were selected from March 1993 to January 1994.Of them,12 had tinnitus,20 had dizziness.During the same period,old cadres including 11 males and 7 females aged from 60 to 79 years with normal findings of physical examinations were selected as controls. No participant in this group suffered from tinnitus, deafness and dizziness. All the participants were voluntary.METHODS: Patients underwent full-scale otolaryngological examinations.Audiometry consisted of battery of tests including frequency audiometry and evoked auditory brainstem responses(ABR). Vestibular function (posture) was assessed by vestibular-ocular reflexes. Participants accelerated from 1 /s to 90 /s. Then, the angular speed was kept until the nystagmus disappeared,at the time a sudden stop was made.Changes in nystagmus during the tests were recorded.The eyes firstly turned to left and 10 minutes later turned to right.Slow-phase angular velocity was recorded and the imbalanced left/right rate was calculated.Vestibularspinal reflex (VSR) was measured using balance beam and the length of the sway of the center of gravity (CG) and the sway velocity of CG were all calculated. Balance tests using a cursor were employed to examine the central optokinetic system, including sweeping, tracking, and optokinetic responses.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency audiometry, vestibular-ocular reflexes, and vestibular-spinal reflex and optokinetic responses were examined to assess the posture function, auditory function and visual function in elderly persons over 80 years old.And the results were compared with those of balance function tests and visual function tests in old population aged from 60 to 79 years old.RESULTS:Practically,the number of old participants over 80 years old receiving the tests of frequency audiometry, vestibular-ocular reflexes, and vestibular-spinal reflex and optokinetic responses were 41,24,39,40 and 34 respectively;The number of 60-79 participants receiving balance tests and visual tests were 18 and 10.Individuals refusing to participate were omitted. ① Auditory function:In 41 elderly persons ＞80 years,13 ears (16％) had a normal middle frequency audiometry, 69 ears (84％) had a loss of hearing. ② Posture function: 15 (62％) had normal vestibular-ocular reflexes, and 9 (38％) had abnormalities in vestibular-ocular reflexes.Ten (26％) had a normal vestibular-spinal reflex and 29 (74％) had an abnormal vestibular-spinal reflex.③ Balance function:Of all the variables of balance function,the length of the sway of CG and the sway velocity of CG were most valuable. In populations in both brackets, the length of the sway of CG and the sway velocity of CG in eyes-closed condition were longer and faster than those in eyes-opened .condition (P ＜ 0.01). In over 80 years group,the length of the sway of CG and the sway velocity of CG were longer and faster than in 60-79 group (P ＜ 0.01). ④ Optokinetic responses:Optokinetic plus were not obviously different between over-80 group and 60-79 group (P ＞ 0.05) and the latent period of sweeping and the distortion of tracking were significantly longer and greater in former group than in later(P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ).CONCLUSION:Most of the elderly persons over 80 years have a decrease in auditory and posture functions.Their optokinetic and balance functions are degenerated more severely than 60-79 years old population.

OBJECTIVE:To promote rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS: By reviewing the pertinent literature both at home and abroad, the causes of ADRs induced by Chinese medicine injections were analyzed. RESULTS: the reasons accountable for ADRs induced by Chinese medicine injections were as follows: the active ingredients in the Chinese herbal medicine; poor stability of preparation and the unreasonable preparation process; failing to follow indications in the treatment, drug incompatibility, improper dosage, improper administration and individual differences. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to strengthen monitoring in clinical application of Chinese medicine injections. Only through strictly following indications, probing into allergy history before drug use, making sure the quality of the injection is qualified, paying special attention to drug compatibility can the ADRs be greatly reduced or avoided.

The projections from the nuclei of the brain stem to the cerebellar nuclei were studied with the horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde transport method. The following nuclei in the brain stem were labelled with HRP;the inferior olivary nucleus, the lateral reticular nucleus, the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, the pontine nuclei, the spinal trigeminal nucleus, the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, the mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve, the spinal vestibular nucleus, the medial vestibular nucleus, the nucleus reticularis medullae .oblongatae pars ventralis, the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, the nucleus reticularis paramedianus, the raphe nucleus pontis, the raphe nucleus obscurus, the raphe nucleus magnus, the perihypoglossal nucleus, the locus caeruleus, the gracile nucleus, the cuneate nucleus, and the external cuneate nucleus.It was found that there are different patterns for the cerebellar nuclei to receive the afferent fibers from the brain stem. The number of the labelled nuclei of the brain stem projecting to the cerebellar lateral nucleus is similar to that projecting to the interpositate nucleus, while the number of the labelled brain stem nuclei projecting to the cerebellar fastigial nucleus is smaller than the above two. The topographic organization of the projections from the inferior olivary nucleus to the cerebellar nuclei was discussed.

The azygos system was studied on 78 Chinese adult cadavers. The occurrence of the type of coexisted azygos, hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins is 64.10%. The components of hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins are sub- ject to such a large variation that the division of the azygos system into three major trunks is not always practicable since no generally-agreed criterion can be observed. The authors, according to Seib's suggestion! classify the azygos system into three types, that is, the double trunk, the intermediate, and the single trunk types, based on the condition of the interruptions of the hemiazygos. system Intermediate type occurs most frequently and its occurrence is 52.56% in this series.The interruptions of the hemiazygos system and the communications between azygos vein and hemiazygos system are far more numerous in Chinese than in Caucasians. The racial difference of the azygos system between Chinese and Caucasian subjects suggests that the azygos system of the Caucasians more likely belongs to the embryonic type. The middle segment of the azygos vein runs to the left of the midline in adults, and the origin of the azygos system usually connects with the inferior vena cava or the renal vein.The findings mentioned above might arouse the interest or the attention of the clinicians.

Objective To analyze the bone mineral density(BMD)and the correlated influence factors ingirls. Methods BMD and partial physical development variables of 714 girls, aged 9 to 16, were examined in Guangdong and Guangxi province and a questionnaire was administered to all subjects to determine their milk intake, physical activity, menarche, and regularity of menstruation. Results BMD in girls increased by 4.4% at age of 9～12, increased by 6.0% at age of 12～14, and increased by 2.5% at age of 14～16. Compared with girls having less than six-hour outdoor exercise, those having more than six-hour outdoor exercise revealed higher BMD levels (P200ml/day) might be effective for promoting BMD of girls during puberty.

This study was carried out to observe the hemodynamic changes in patients with BuddChiari syndrome(BCS) during venoauricular bypass. Twenty-one patients with BCS,ASA grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ, aged 33.4 years on average, were involved. The anesthesia was induced with intravenous midazolam, fentanyl and atracurium. The hemodynamic parameters were measured by Swan-Ganz catheter at various times during whole procedures. As cdmpared with those before anesthesia. CO, CI, SI, LVSWI and RVSWl reduced significantly following general anesthesia(P

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of main frequency of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions for Meniere's disease. The click- evoked transient otoacoustic emissions(TEOAE) in normal subjects and in patients with Meniere' s disease were examined using ILO 88 otodynamic analyzer system to observe the main frequency distrbution. The main frequeencies ranged from 1.2 to 1.6 kHz in normal ears, and from 0.8 to 1. 1 kHz in Meniere' s ears. The main frequency range of normal ears was obviously higher than that in Meniere's ears. After application of glycerol, the main frequencies in some Meniere's ears were shifted from relative low frequency range to relative high frequency range. TEOAE appeared in some Meniere's ears in which TEOAEs could not be evoked before application of glycerol. The results suggest that the TEOAE can be used in the diagnosis of Meniere's disease.