The projections from the nuclei of the brain stem to the cerebellar nuclei were studied with the horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde transport method. The following nuclei in the brain stem were labelled with HRP;the inferior olivary nucleus, the lateral reticular nucleus, the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, the pontine nuclei, the spinal trigeminal nucleus, the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, the mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve, the spinal vestibular nucleus, the medial vestibular nucleus, the nucleus reticularis medullae .oblongatae pars ventralis, the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, the nucleus reticularis paramedianus, the raphe nucleus pontis, the raphe nucleus obscurus, the raphe nucleus magnus, the perihypoglossal nucleus, the locus caeruleus, the gracile nucleus, the cuneate nucleus, and the external cuneate nucleus.It was found that there are different patterns for the cerebellar nuclei to receive the afferent fibers from the brain stem. The number of the labelled nuclei of the brain stem projecting to the cerebellar lateral nucleus is similar to that projecting to the interpositate nucleus, while the number of the labelled brain stem nuclei projecting to the cerebellar fastigial nucleus is smaller than the above two. The topographic organization of the projections from the inferior olivary nucleus to the cerebellar nuclei was discussed.

3)between theventral divison of the middle part and the other parts of the locus coeruleus.Theneurons of the locus coeruleus were mainly medium-sized(59.25%),the smaller andlarger ones were observed in 33.75% and 7% respectively.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of ultrasound-guided interscalenus brachial plexus block used for the emergency surgery.Method From August to December 2007 80 patients from the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wenzhou,ASA Ⅰ to Ⅲ,age 18 to 68 years old,weight 45 to 75 kg,without deformity on the shoulder or neck,without limb paresthesia,without contraindications of interscalenus brachial plexus block,were scheduled for emergency surgery of upper limb.They were randomly divided into two groups:interscalenus block guided by ultrasound group(group U,re =40)and nerve stimulator group(group N,re = 40).Patients of both groups received 20 mL mixture of 0.75%ropivacaine and 2%lidocaine.The onset time,and the analgesic efficacy of axillary nerve,lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve,radial nerve,median nerve,median cutaneous nerve of arm,median antebrachial cutaneous nerve and ulnar nerve,and duration of anesthesia were observed.Statistical analysis was performed by t test,rank sum test and X2 test.Results The onset time of analgesia after nerve block was shorter in group U than that in group N(P＜0.01).The rate of perfect analgesia after nerve block in group U was higher than that in group N(100%vs.87.5%,X2 = 5.267,P = 0.027).The duration of anesthesia lasted in group U was(378 ± 151)minutes and that in group N was(365 ± 163)minutes(t= 0.363,P = 0.718).ConclusionsCompared with the method of nerve block guided by nerve stimulator,the ultrasound-guided interscalenus block offers faster onset and better analgesic efficacy.It is an ideal technique of brachial plexus block for the emergency surgery.

Objective To provide useful information for the diagnosis and differentiation through exploring the tumor with polyserositis as the initial symptom.Methods There was a case present with fever,poor spirit,abdominal distention and edema in Children's Hospital of Hebei Province.The characteristics and results of physical examination were summarized and discussed according to the condition evolution phases.The possible etiological factors were analyzed.The treatment was adjusted.Further physical examination was improved.The final diagnosis was tracked.Results After getting admitted to hospital,the patient received CT scan and ultrasound examination for many times.The results suggested the pericardial effusion,pleural effusion,peritoneal effusion and cardiac insufficiency.The child had made a slight improvement through treatment.However,he had hemiparesis.Cerebral infarction was demonstrated through magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),magnetic resonance angiography (MRA),magnetic resonance venography (MRV).Ultrasound showed that there was more pericardial effusion,aortic root solid low echo mass,pulmonary arterial wall stiffness,left and right pulmonary artery blood flow speed increased.Neck and chest enhanced CT showed mediastinal lesions.Pathology examination results suggested myeloid sarcoma after referral to superior hospital.Conclusions When children had an unexplained polyserositis,more comprehensive analysis were needed.The illness condition should be explained with Monism as far as possible.Repeated inspections would be necessary when the pathogenesis was not clear.Careful watch for the tumor should be kept.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and survival quality of raltitrexed and radiotherapy in treatment of esophagus cancer. Methods 100 cases with esophagus cancer were selected. There were 50 cases using raltitrexed combined with concurrent radiotherapy as observation group. Others were treated with 5-Fu combined with concurrent radiotherapy as control group. The clinical therapeutic effect and survival situation of two groups were evaluated. Results After treatment, the total response rate of observation group (86.0%) was higher than control group (58.0%), the differences between the two groups was statistical difference(P<0.05).The one- and two-year survival rates in observation group were higher than control group (χ2 = 4.32, 7.954, P=0.038, 0.005<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in incidence rate of acute esophagitis, acute bone marrow suppression and acute skin reaction. Conclusion The clinical therapy of raltitrexed plus radiotherapy in treatment of esophagus cancer is distinct, and improve the survival time and the quality of life of patients.

Objective To explore the effect of quality control circle (QCC) on nipple maternal breastfeeding by parturients with nipple defects. Method A QCC with a theme ofimprove the maternal breastfeeding rate among the partureints with nipple defectswas established to investigate the current status, analyze the main causes, propose countermeasures and finally carry out countermeasures and check the effects according to the PDCA principles. Result The post-QCC adverse events of maternal breastfeeding in not enough lactation, breast swelling, cracked nipples, failure in the first suck and unqualified breastfeeding at discharge were significantly lower than those of pre-QCC ones (P<0.01). Conclusion Quality control circle can effectively solve the problems in nipple maternal breastfeeding and meanwhile improve the nurse work enthusiasm as well as their ability to solve problems.

AIM: To study the expression of p53 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells(NPC) after the telomerase activity being inhibited. METHODS: After transfecting telomerase RNA antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (asODN) into NPC CNE1 and CNE2Z cells by lipofectin, the proliferation of cells was identified by MTT method, apoptosis was examined by flow cytometric cell cycle analysis, and the expression levels of human teolmerase reverse transcriptase(hTRT) and p53 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: asODN inhibited the growth of CNE1 and CNE2Z cells in a dose-dependent manner, meanwhile, the apoptotic peaks were detected with flow cytometer.The expression levels of hTRT and p53 protein in asODN group were significantly lower than those in other treatment groups and control group( P

Objective To explore the characteristic and clinical value of Somatosensory Evoked Potential SEP and event?related potential P300 in patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME), trying to provide neuroelectrophysiological evidence for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and antiepileptic drug efficacy of this disease . Methods 28 patients with JME and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the research. They were applied the SEP and P300 before and after one year treatment. Results (1) The amplitude of SEP in patients with JME was significantly higher than those in the control group(P=0.000), the abnormal rate was 75%(21/28), while the latency of SEP was no significant difference (P>0.05); The latency of P300 in patients with JME was significantly longer (P = 0.000), 2 out of 28 cases were poorly differentiated, 9 cases were longer (11/28, 39%), while the P300 amplitude was no significant difference(P=0.110). (2) After treatment, the amplitude of SEP was significantly lower (P<0.05), the latency of P300 was significantly shorter (P=0.001). (3) The amplitude of SEP had a positively linear relationship with the latency of P300 (r = 0.818, P = 0.000). Conclusions The SEP amplitude was significantly higher in patients with JME, often accompanied by a huge SEP, so SEP can provide electrophysiological evidence for the pathogenesis and diagnosis of this disease.And P300 may give a chance to find the subclinical cognitive abnormalities and to intervent it early. The SEP had a positively linear relationship with the P300, simultaneously dynamic monitoring the change of SEP amplitude and P300 latency may become an objective evaluation for the antiepileptic drug efficacy.

Azone ( 1桪odeylazacyclohenptan-2-one) is one of the best skin penetration enhancers. It can increase the permeability of skin for some hydrophobic compounds, so that it is possible to be admi-nistrated through skin. The effects of Azone on permeability of skin of a-Asarone, Nicorandil and Nitroglycerin were studied by flow through diffusion cell with radioactivity tracer.The results showed that the different concentrations of Azone gave different enhancement. The penetration of the 3 drugs was enhanced about 1-fold by

AIM: To observe the effects of sodium restricted or supplemented on atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) and cardiac function of rats with congestive heart failure (CHF).METHODS: CHF rats were divided into three groups with sham operation rats group as control. Radioimmunassay was used to determine the ANP contents of plasma and myocardium, at the same time cardiac function was measured.RESULTS: In sodium restricted group, the plasma sodium and atrial ANP and left ventricular systolic pressure and artery pressure were obviously lower than those in CHF group, while the plasma and ventricular ANP and the right atrial pressure were remarkably higher; In sodium supplemented group, the plasma sodium and arterial pressure had no obvious change compared with the control, the plasma and myocardium ANP and the right atrial pressure had no difference as compared with CHF group, while the left ventricular end diastolic pressure was remarkably lower and the left ventricular systolic pressure were obviously higher. CONCLUSION: Keeping the balance of plasma sodium by an appropriate supplement of sodium intake after CHF might be beneficial to the ANP biological effects and the cardiac function.