It is known that patients with vitiligo often have antibodies to melanocytes. In order to identify vitiligo antibodies react to corresponding antigens, we used cultured normal human melanocytes to react with sera from 48 patients with vitiligo, the result showed that 52% of patients with vitiligo have antibodies to cell-surface antigens of melanocytes. Then immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analysis were used to reveal molecular weights (MW) of the antigens, the result showed that the MW are about 75 000, 90 000, 110 000, and 150 000.

Objective To review and summarize the latest development of the therapy for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods The recently-published articles related to the therapies for DMD were extensively reviewed and briefly summarized. Results The therapeutic approaches for DMD included the gene therapy, the cell therapy, and the pharmacological therapy.The gene therapy and the cell therapy were focused on the treatment for the cause of DMD by the delivery of the missing gene, the modification of the mutated gene, and the transfer of the normal cells including the stem cells, while the pharmacological therapy dealt with the downstream events caused by the dystrophin gene defect, slowed down the pathologic progress of DMD, and improved the DMD patient's life quality and life span, by medication and other factor treatments. Conclusion There is still no cure for DMD because of various difficulties in replacing or repairing the defected gene and of the multifaceted nature of the severe symptoms. Therefore, it is imperative for us to find out a more effective treatment that can solve these problems.

Objective To explore the effects of perinatal infection on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyzed the clinical data of 238 preterm infants at gestational age ≤32 weeks who were delivered in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from November 2014 to October 2015 and ROP screening examinations.Observation was not terminated until they were 45 weeks of corrected gestational age.Mild ROP was defined as having stage 1 or stage 2 ROP in zone Ⅱ or Ⅲ without additional disease,and severe ROP was defined as stage 3 or higher,any ROP in zone Ⅰ,prethreshold/threshold,with additional disease,and aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (AP-ROP).Medical records of eligible preterm infants were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.Occurrences of ROP,severe ROP,and clinically significant ROP requiring surgical treatment were assessed.Results The mean gestational age of the cohort was (30.10 ± 1.34) weeks (25.29-32.00 weeks) and the mean birth weight was (1 373 ± 272) g(720 ～2 330 g).ROP was diagnosed in 76 of 238 infants (31.9％),including 39 cases with mild ROP (16.4％) and 37 cases with severe ROP (15.5％).Surgical treatment was performed on 22 infants (9.2％).In the patients with ROP,the time to develop ROP from birth was (35.16 ± 14.26) d and the mean time of its most serious stage was (44.62 ± 18.99) d.In 22 patients with ROP who required surgical treatment,the time of surgical treatment was (50.27 ± 17.24) d.In univariate analysis,maternal perinatal infection disease was found to be associated with ROP occurrence (x2 =7.891,P =0.005) and ROP progression requiring surgical treatment (x2 =4.494,P =0.034).Small gestational age,low birth weight and long-term oxygen therapy were found to be asso ciated with ROP occurrence and severe ROP (gestational age:t =-5.803,P ＜ 0.001;t =-5.290,P ＜ 0.001;t =-4.150,P ＜ 0.001;birth weight:t =-4.942,P ＜ 0.001;t =-4.058,P ＜ 0.001;t =-3.126,P =0.002;the duration of oxygen therapy:t =2.351,P =0.020;t =2.473,P =0.018).Apgar scores ≤ 7 at 1 min and 5 min were found to be associated with severe ROP (x2 =4.803,P =0.028).Neonatal sepsis and neonatal fungal infection were found to be associated with ROP occurrence (x2 =6.071,P =0.014;x2 =4.070,P =0.044).Neonatal fungal infection was also found to be associated with severe ROP (x2 =5.479,P =0.019).Multivariate regression analysis indicated that maternal perinatal infection disease was associated with an increased risk of ROP and ROP progression requiring surgical treatment (OR =2.837,P =0.023;OR =4.087,P =0.012).Maternal preeclampsia was also associated with an increased risk of ROP (OR =2.506,P =0.040).Gestational age was an important risk factor for the development of ROP.The smaller the gestational age was,the higher the rate of occurring ROP and severe ROP (OR =0.518,0.508,0.520,all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions Both fetal and neonatal exposure to infection appear to contribute to the increase of ROP risk in the preterm infants at gestational age ≤ 32 weeks.Maternal perinatal infection disease and maternal preeclampsia were independently associated with ROP occurrence and ROP progression in the preterm infants at gestational age ≤32 weeks.

Objective To explore the application of change speed of lithotomy position in the patients with gynecological laparoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 120 gynecological laparoscopic surgery patients in our hospital were randomly divided into observation group and control group,pneumoperitoneum pressure of two groups was 11 mmHg.The change speed of lithotomy position in the control group was in 6 s,the observation group was ＞ 30 s,and the changes of hemodynamics and blood gas indexes were compared.Results SBP and DBP after pneumoperitoneum in the two groups were increased compared with that before pneumoperitoneum (P ＜ 0.05).The increase of DBP and SBP after pneumoperitoneum in the observation group was less than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).PETCO2 after pneumoperitoneum in the observation group showed no statistically significant compared with pneumoperitoneum before (P ＞ 0.05),but the control group had higher PETCO2 than that before pneumoperitoneum,there were statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The observation group and the control group had a tendency to rise in airway pressure after pneumoperitoneum,but no statistical significance between the two groups was found (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Prolonging change time of lithotomy position can reduce the influence of hemodynamics for the patients with gynecological laparoscopic operation,and it is beneficial to the recovery of lung function.

Objective To explore the application of change speed of lithotomy position in the patients with gynecological laparoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 120 gynecological laparoscopic surgery patients in our hospital were randomly divided into observation group and control group,pneumoperitoneum pressure of two groups was 11 mmHg.The change speed of lithotomy position in the control group was in 6 s,the observation group was ＞ 30 s,and the changes of hemodynamics and blood gas indexes were compared.Results SBP and DBP after pneumoperitoneum in the two groups were increased compared with that before pneumoperitoneum (P ＜ 0.05).The increase of DBP and SBP after pneumoperitoneum in the observation group was less than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).PETCO2 after pneumoperitoneum in the observation group showed no statistically significant compared with pneumoperitoneum before (P ＞ 0.05),but the control group had higher PETCO2 than that before pneumoperitoneum,there were statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The observation group and the control group had a tendency to rise in airway pressure after pneumoperitoneum,but no statistical significance between the two groups was found (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Prolonging change time of lithotomy position can reduce the influence of hemodynamics for the patients with gynecological laparoscopic operation,and it is beneficial to the recovery of lung function.

Objective To explore the influence of fixed-foot stance Yunshou combined with raising handclasp of Bobath on the recovery of upper extremity in post- stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods Meeting the criteria 59 cases of stroke patients with hemiplegia were randomly divided into experimental group (29 cases) and control group(30 cases) according to random number table.All the patients in both groups were received routine therapy and nursing,besides,the patients in the control group were given raising handclasp of Bobath,while the patients in experimental group were treated with fixed-foot stance Yunshou combined with raising handclasp of Bobath.The intervention were once a day,five days a week,lasting eight weeks.The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity(FMA-UE)and Modified Barthel Index(MBI) as well as Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function(STEF) were used to assess the patients′condition before,8 weeks after treatment respectively. Results After 8weeks intervention,the scores of FMA-UE,MBI,STEF were 40.69±8.67,76.89±1.79,59.31±7.89 and before intervention were 24.17 ± 11.98,57.14 ± 13.93,31.83 ± 5.41, the difference between the experimental group before and after intervention was statistically significant(t=13.222,8.755,18.311,P<0.01).At 8 weeks,the scores of FMA-UE, MBI, STEF in the control group were 35.47 ± 9.68,73.17 ± 2.82,49.47 ± 8.78, and were17.38 ± 4.10,37.38 ± 4.30, 74.62 ± 11.22 respectively before intervention,all the measures in control groups had significantly improved than those before training (t=-4.797, 7.372, 17.139, P<0.01).Score of FMA-UE and STEF in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.180, 4.525, P<0.05 or 0.01), while the MBI had no statistically difference between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with training on raising handclasp of Bobath alone,fixed-foot stance Yunshou combined with raising handclasp of Bobath is more effective On the recovery of upper limb function in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenic characteristics of viral encephalitis or meningitis in children living in Shijiazhuang city and surrounding areas, and to study the relationship between pathogenic and clinical findings.Methods:A total of 132 cerebrospinal fluid specimens were randomly collected from hospitalized children diagnosed with viral encephalitis or meningitis (January 2018 to December 2018) in the Department of Neurology of Hebei Children′s Hospital in Shijiazhuang city and surrounding areas. The nucleic acids of four viruses in cerebrospinal fluid were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:Among the 132 cases, 78 were boys and 54 were girls, with a sex ratio of 1.44∶1. However, in the gender composition of children in each age group, there was no significant difference (χ 2=3.901, P=0.272). Of the 132 children, 121 had signs of fever, 109 had symptoms of headache, 92 had symptoms of vomiting, 17 had abnormal electroencephalogram(EEG), and 15 had abnormal head magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). 132 cerebrospinal fluid specimens were tested for pathogenic pathogens, and 80 of them were successfully detected. There was 1 case of human herpesvirus type I(HHV-I), 2 cases of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and 77 cases of enterovirus(EV). The age group of 1~3 years′s EV detection rate was 66.67%, it is the highest, but overall, the EV detection rate, there was no significant difference among the four age groups (χ 2=3.147, P=0.369). The detection rate of EV in summer and autumn were 65.52% and 70.83%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in spring and winter (33.33% and 0.00%), and there was a significant difference (χ 2=22.504, P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the positive rates of fever, headache and vomiting between EV-positive and non-EV-positive children ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of abnormal EEG and abnormal head MRI between EV-positive and non-EV-positive children ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In 2018, EV was the main pathogen of viral encephalitis and meningitis in children in Shijiazhuang city and surrounding areas, and EV detection rate was high in summer and autumn.

Objective To analyze the evolution and the genetic characteristics of echovirus 6 (ECHO6) isolated from encephalitis/ meningitis cases in Hebei province.Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from encephalitis/ meningitis patients at Children's Hospital of Hebei province during 2013 to 2015.One hundred and fifty-seven CSF specimens,which were positive of human enterovirus confirmed by real-time PCR,were submitted to viral isolation.Viral RNA was extracted from the positive isolates,and the complete VP1 gene was amplified by PT-PCR and identified using BLAST research.Homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 gene sequence were performed.Total of 175 reference sequences of ECHO6 viruses from nine provinces of China and other countries were downloaded from the GenBank database.Results Nineteen strains were identified as ECHO6 and these isolates belonged to genotype C and D9c.Homology analysis showed that the nucleotide identity was 79.3％-100％ and amino acid identity was 95.8％-100％ among 19 isolates.Compared with the prototype strain (D'Amori),the nucleotide identity and amino acid identity were 76.2％-78.3％ and 92.3％-95.1％ respectively.Conclusions Genotype C and D9c were the predominant genotypes of ECHO6 causing encephalitis/ meningitis in children in Hebei province during 2013-2015.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab(IVR)and intravitreal injection of conbercept(IVC)in children with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 1 100 eyes with ROP treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF at our hospital from January 2015 to June 2023 were included. According to the different therapeutic drugs, the children were divided into two groups: IVR group and IVC group. According to the degree of ROP, the patients were divided into three groups: aggressive ROP(A-ROP), Zone Ⅰ type 1 ROP and Zone Ⅱ type 1 ROP. The reactivation and retreatment between the two groups were compared after propensity score matching(PSM)analysis, and they were followed-up for at least 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS: In Zone Ⅱ type 1 ROP, there was a statistically significant difference in the rates of reactivation and retreatment between the IVR and IVC groups(P<0.05); however, in A-ROP and Zone I type 1 ROP, there were no statistically significant differences in the rates of reactivation and retreatment between the two groups(P>0.05). The risk of reactivation and retreatment of Zone I type 1 ROP was higher than the Zone II type 1 ROP. Furthermore, the use of drugs and corrected gestational age of first treatment were influencing factors of lesion recurrence and retreatment.CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in the initial cure effect between the two drugs in Zone II type 1 ROP, with the reactivation and retreatment rates of the IVC group being much lower than those of the IVR group.