Bedside ultrasonography is used to provide information about the cardiovascular system and the function and anatomy of certain internal organs,and help to guide the invasive procedures.Compared to traditional ultrasonography,bedside ultrasonography is more focused on the optimization of the treatment.It has become a necessary tool,as a powerful adjunct to the physical examination,in the management of critically ill patients in advanced countries.The development trend is the clinical protocol based on bedside ultrasonog-raphy.The application of bedside ultrasonography in China is limited,especially in PICU.Standardized educa-tion and quality assurance system are needed to its popularization.

Pediatric invasive fungal disease( IFD)often lacks characteristic clinical manifestations and imaging changes. It is a severe disease in ICU and is unlikely to be diagnosed early. The diagnosis of IFD is typically based on laboratory tests targeting at the population at risk. The laboratory tests for IFD generally include direct tests( smear microscopy,fungal culture,histopathologic examination,etc. ),serologic tests( tests for 1,3-β-D dextran and galactomannan,etc. ),and certain progresses have been made in molecular biologi-cal tests in recent years. It is key to diagnosis of IFD to use laboratory tests rationally and accurately interpret the laboratory results.

Objective To investigate the effect of pre pregnancy body mass index and maternal weight gain on pregnancy outcome. Methods The data of 3225 cases of single term birth primigravidae were collected from Guangzhou Maternity and Infant Hospital from June 1998 to June 1999. All of the cases were divided into three groups according to pre pregnancy body mass index (BMI): under weight group (BMI0.05). 2 Neonatal birth weight had a positive lineal correlation with the maternal weight gain in the three groups (calculated coefficient r were 0.596, 0.328 and 0.249, both of the P value were less than 0.01). 3 The incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) increased significantly when maternal weight gained≥18 kg in the under weight and the ideal weight groups ( P

Transcranial Doppler,a non-invasive ultrasonographic technique to detect the hemodynamic change of cerebral arteries,playing an important role in screening and diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease of adults,hasn′t been extensively applied in pediatric or universally understood by pediatrician.In this review,we will describe the application of Transcranial in the management of cerebral vasculopathy in children.

Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) is one of the most common human pathogens. It has been reported that Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) as a representative of virulence proteins is an important pathogenic factor for S. aureus infection. However, with the deepening of research, some researchers consider that pvl gene has little effect on the pathogenicity of S. aureus. This article aimed to review and summarize the recent studies on the features, molecular epidemiological characteristics, pathogenicity and controversy of pvl gene.

Based on the position and signifi cance of the syndrome in effect evaluation under the diagnose and treatment mode of the disease binding study and limitations of evaluation methods on some syndrome change,the article pointed out the comprehensive evaluation methods and possible ways by the combination of the evaluation on turnover regularity of syndrome and certain change of some syndrome,as well as preliminarily discussed several problems which should be paid attention to.

Child ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Pediatrics

Pediatric advanced life support (PALS) training program development has been more than 20 years.PALS program provides a systematic,organized approach for the evaluation and management of acutely ill or injured children.It plays an active role in guiding treatment of critically ill children.In this paper,we reviewed the PALS training purpose,importance and training content,and introduced the current situation and promotion of PALS training in China.

ObjectiveDiscussion early period diagnosis uterine scar pregnancy effective method.Methods According to clinical medical history,HCG test,Type-B ultrasonic ( MR if Necessary) diagnosis.Under type-B ultrasonic monitoring clear uterine after interventional embolization of uterine artery drug infusion.Results41 cases (89.13％ ) according to clinical mdical history,HCG test,Type-B ultrasonic diagnosis.5 cases( 10.87％ ) diagnosed with nuclear magnetic resonance(MR),diagnosis rate 100％.46 cases disposable thorough clear uterine after interventional? embolization of uterine artery drug infusion,cure rate 100％.ConclusionAccording of clinical medical history,HCG test,Type-B ultrasonic was the best method of diagnosis uterine scar pregnancy in early period.Using interventional embolization of uterine artery drug infusion and then clear it,it was Safe reliable method.

Objective To investigate the psychological characteristics and personality of perinatal women, and to provide evidence for effective psychological intervention. Methods Five hundred and seventy pregnant women were randomly selected from the out-patient department from October, 2002 to March, 2003. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) , Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) were applied for their personality, psychological characteristics and the influencing factors. Psychological surveys were performed in 216 cases in labor, and 300 cases were followed up during 1-5 days and 42-60 days postpartum. Results During pregnant period, the incidence of anxiety and depression was 10. 5% and 10. 2%, respectively, while 4. 0% and 5. 3% during early stage of puerperium. The rate of depression was 40. 7% and 10. 0% during late stage of puerperium and after puerperium. Pregnant women with personality of stability were less likely to have psychological disorder. Conclusions The rate of psychological disorder varies in different per sonallity. Proper intervention among high risk pregnant women is important in perinatal psychological