Transcranial Doppler,a non-invasive ultrasonographic technique to detect the hemodynamic change of cerebral arteries,playing an important role in screening and diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease of adults,hasn′t been extensively applied in pediatric or universally understood by pediatrician.In this review,we will describe the application of Transcranial in the management of cerebral vasculopathy in children.

Pediatric invasive fungal disease( IFD)often lacks characteristic clinical manifestations and imaging changes. It is a severe disease in ICU and is unlikely to be diagnosed early. The diagnosis of IFD is typically based on laboratory tests targeting at the population at risk. The laboratory tests for IFD generally include direct tests( smear microscopy,fungal culture,histopathologic examination,etc. ),serologic tests( tests for 1,3-β-D dextran and galactomannan,etc. ),and certain progresses have been made in molecular biologi-cal tests in recent years. It is key to diagnosis of IFD to use laboratory tests rationally and accurately interpret the laboratory results.

Objective To investigate the effect of pre pregnancy body mass index and maternal weight gain on pregnancy outcome. Methods The data of 3225 cases of single term birth primigravidae were collected from Guangzhou Maternity and Infant Hospital from June 1998 to June 1999. All of the cases were divided into three groups according to pre pregnancy body mass index (BMI): under weight group (BMI0.05). 2 Neonatal birth weight had a positive lineal correlation with the maternal weight gain in the three groups (calculated coefficient r were 0.596, 0.328 and 0.249, both of the P value were less than 0.01). 3 The incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) increased significantly when maternal weight gained≥18 kg in the under weight and the ideal weight groups ( P

Bedside ultrasonography is used to provide information about the cardiovascular system and the function and anatomy of certain internal organs,and help to guide the invasive procedures.Compared to traditional ultrasonography,bedside ultrasonography is more focused on the optimization of the treatment.It has become a necessary tool,as a powerful adjunct to the physical examination,in the management of critically ill patients in advanced countries.The development trend is the clinical protocol based on bedside ultrasonog-raphy.The application of bedside ultrasonography in China is limited,especially in PICU.Standardized educa-tion and quality assurance system are needed to its popularization.

Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) is one of the most common human pathogens. It has been reported that Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) as a representative of virulence proteins is an important pathogenic factor for S. aureus infection. However, with the deepening of research, some researchers consider that pvl gene has little effect on the pathogenicity of S. aureus. This article aimed to review and summarize the recent studies on the features, molecular epidemiological characteristics, pathogenicity and controversy of pvl gene.

Based on the position and signifi cance of the syndrome in effect evaluation under the diagnose and treatment mode of the disease binding study and limitations of evaluation methods on some syndrome change,the article pointed out the comprehensive evaluation methods and possible ways by the combination of the evaluation on turnover regularity of syndrome and certain change of some syndrome,as well as preliminarily discussed several problems which should be paid attention to.

Child ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Pediatrics

The polycystic ovray syndrome(PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition with genetic predisposition. It is characterized by a myriad of symptoms including oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea,anovulation or infertility,hirsutism or acne. Insulin resistance appears to be an important factor in PCOS though the lack of an etiology has led to symptom oriented therapy which includes lifestyle modification,the use of cyclical progestagens and antiandrogens. Therapeutic approaches to PCOS remain an ongoing source of debate. Insulin sensitizing agents may bring new hope in therapy. Future research is aimed at shedding light on the pathophysiology so as to optimize treatment of women with PCOS.

Ultrasound can be used to visually evaluate brain structure, estimate intracranial pressure, and identify the function of cerebrovascular autoregulation and the reactivity of cerebrovascular carbon dioxide.It can also be used in the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm and systemic circulation evaluation.Critical care ultrasound can help clinicians identify the primary injury of neurological system, prevent and effectively manage the secondary injury through bedside, real-time, non-invasive evaluation and monitoring.It can guide the implementation and evaluate the curative effect of brain protection algorithm.

Objective Study changes and clinical significance of collagen and cytokine during COPD episode and remission in order to guide clinical treatment. Methods From Mar.2002 to Nov.2004,the COPD patients of episode and remission period were compared with the healthy elderly people.The collagen and cytokine of the serum from the COPD patients and healthy elderly people were detected by applying ABC-ELISA and radio-immunity means. Results The level of serum C_Ⅰ、C_Ⅲ、C_Ⅳ increased obviously in the COPD patients during COPD episode and remission episode compared with that in the healthy elderly people( P