Objective To study the MR imaging features of intracranial epidermal cyst.Methods 18 cases(include 7 male,11 female) epidermal cyst pathology confirmed were analysed.Results The epidermal cyst usually exhibited heterogeneously low signal intensity on T 1WI(88.9%),and only 2 patients showed high signal intensity on T 1WI(11.1%).After contrast medium enhancement 16 cases had no obvious enhancement,only 2 patients had rim light enhancement .Conclusion Typical epidermal cyst commonly show heterogenously low signal intensity on T 1WI. A typcal epidermal cyst has high signal intensity on T 1WI.Differential diagnosis shoud be consider on these kind of epidermal cyst.

Objective To describe the etiology,clinical characteristics and prognosis in children With intracra﹣nial hemorrhage Who Were admitted to pediatric intensive care unit(PICU)and to analyze factors associated With poor prognosis,in order to provide evidence for prevention and early prognosis evaluation. Methods This Was a prospective, single－center study including the children With intracranial hemorrhage Who Were admitted to PICU of Beijing Chil﹣dren＇s Hospital from October 1,2014 to January 31,2017. Children＇s basic information and survival on the 28th day after hospital discharge Were collected. Prognosis Was evaluated by means of pediatric cerebral performance category score(PCPC)or pediatric overall performance category score( POPC). The related factors With poor prognosis Were analyzed. Results Ninety－five children(58 boys and 37 girls)Were included;mortality at hospital and on the 28th day after discharge Were 7. 4% and 22. 1%,respectively. Trauma(68. 4%)Was the most common cause for intracranial hemorrhage(ICH). The most common cause of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in infants Was vitamin K deficiency (4／16 cases,0. 25),but hematological diseases in school－aged children(7／11 cases,63. 6%). Univariate analysis shoWed intraparenchymal,intraventricular,extradural hemorrhage. Multiple sites hemorrhage,trauma,hematological sys﹣tem diseases,surgery,and loW GlasgoW coma scale(GCS)at PICU discharge Were associated With poor prognosis(χ2 ﹦9. 653,10. 658,7. 237,5. 657,10. 966,4. 471,7. 429,31. 308,all P﹤0. 05). Multivariate analysis shoWed that intra﹣ventricular hemorrhage and loW GCS at PICU discharge Were independent risk factors for poor prognosis( all P ﹤0. 001). ICH caused by trauma had a relatively better prognosis( P﹦0. 015). Conclusions The majority of patients With ICH admitted to PICU are infants. The most common cause is trauma. The most common cause of spontaneous ICH in infants is vitamin K deficiency,but hematological diseases in school－aged children. ICH and loW GCS at PICU dis﹣charge are independent risk factors for poor prognosis. ICH caused by trauma has a relatively better prognosis. Reducing accidental injury is the key to prevent ICH in children.

Objective:To explore the application method and effect of online teaching of pediatrics in undergraduate clinical medicine.Methods:From March to August, 2020, two classes of pediatrics were selected as research objects: 67 students from Batch 2016 "5+3" clinical medicine class were taught by providing recorded teaching resources and online communication and answering questions (hereinafter referred to as "recorded courses"); 39 students from Batch 2015 "5+3" clinical medicine class were taught by live courses and online communication and answering questions (hereinafter referred to as "live courses"). Through the questionnaire survey on the two groups of students, the effect of the two online teaching methods were compared and the medical students' views and suggestions on them were collected. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:Most of the students in the two groups (98.1%) agreed with the effect of the online teaching of pediatrics and thought it could meet their learning needs. There was no significant difference in the online teaching effect between recorded courses group and live courses group ( P > 0.05). However, they had a poor recognition with the implementation of complete online teaching in the future, while they preferred the combination of online teaching with practical exercises in offline hospitals. Conclusion:Online teaching of pediatrics has been recognized by medical students. The two online teaching methods have their own advantages: recorded courses are more planned and the content is more rigorous; live courses are more interactive and flexible. However, considering that medicine is a highly practical subject, it still needs to be supplemented by offline practice while giving full play to the advantages of online teaching.

One of the majority reasons for mortality and morbidity in children is cerebral vasospasm secondary to intracranial hemorrhage(CVSIH).CVSIH prevented and treated by nimodipine in adult patients have been widely reported in China and abroad,but only limited reports in children.We aimed to describe the mechanism and diagnosis of CVSIH in children,and also the mechanism,efficacy and safety of nimodipine.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of community-acquired influenza virus pneumonia in hospitalized children and improve the clinicians' understanding level of this disease.Methods Data of 70 cases with community-acquired influenza virus pneumonia admitted to the Respiratory Department and Infectious Disease,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,from November 2009 to April 2018 were collected and the clinical characteristics were analyzed.Results Of the 70 cases,61 cases(89.7％) were discharged after improvement.The median age was 3.5 years old,and 50 cases(71.4％) were 0 to 5 years old.There were 29 cases with severe influenza pneumonia,41 cases with mild influenza pneumonia,3 cases died,and 19 cases (27.1％) had underlying diseases.Sixty-four cases (91.4％) were hospitalized in winter and spring.The first symptoms were mainly fever in 64 cases (91.4％) and cough in 65 cases (92.9％),and temperatures were mostly from 39.1 ℃ to 41.0 ℃.Lung auscultation was dominated by moist rales (30 cases,58.8％) and wheezing (8 cases,15.7％).There were many complications of influenza virus pneumonia,including 19 cases with myocardial injury,11 cases with liver function injury,4 cases with toxic encephalopathy,3 cases with electrolyte disturbance,2 cases with multiple organ failure,2 cases with hemophagocytic syndrome,and 1 case with septic shock.Chest radiographic results reveal bilateral inflammation in 40 children (57.1％),prodominatly in lower lobe lesions (39 cases).The common changes were patchy shadow,interstitial parenchymal lesion,ground glass shadow,and pleural effusion.Forty-seven children (67.1％) were infected by influenza A,and 23 children(32.9％) were co-infected.The percentage of severe cases with underlying diseases (68.4％) was significantly higher than that in children without chronic diseases (31.4％),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.830,P =0.005).The increase rate of C reaction protein (CRP) in severe cases (54.3％) was significantly higher than that in mild cases (28.6％),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.769,P =0.029).Conclusions Community-acquired influenza virus pneumonia in children mainly occurs in winter and spring.It is more common seen in children under 5 years of age.The main clinical manifestations of community-acquired influenza virus pneumonia are high fever and cough,extrapulmonary complications are more common.Most children have moist rales and showed bilateral inflammation and lower lobe lesions in chest radiography.Children with underlying diseases are more likely to develop severe influenza virus pneumonia.Elevated CRP is associated with severe influenza virus pneumonia.Most patients have a good prognosis,but there are still cases of death.

Objective:To investigate the method and effect of correcting upper eyelid depression with released orbital diaphragmatic fat.Methods:From January 2017 to June 2020, there were 26 female patients with upper eyelid depression in this department of Hebei Chengde Stomatological Hospital. The patients aged 22-54 years, with average 43 years. An external mass orbital diaphragm fat release reverse folding repositioning with fat placement in the upper lid depression was performed in 26 patients. An incision about 4 mm long was made in the middle and lateral of the orbital diaphragm to ensure the integrity of the orbital diaphragm as far as possible. The photos of beauty seekers before and 6 months after operation were compared to observe the correction effect of upper eyelid depression and the shape of upper eyelid.Results:All 26 patients had one-stage healing of the surgical incision without infection, with inconspicuous incisional scarring. At 6 months postoperatively, 18 patients had satisfactory results; 1 patient had improved results due to insufficient fat; and 1 patient had poor results due to too little fat and poor filler placement, which was later improved by autologous fat grafting.Conclusions:External mass orbital fat release reverse folding repositioning for correction of upper eyelid depressions is a surgical procedure with obvious results, little trauma, and following the principle of anatomical recovery, which is worthy of clinical application.