1.BIRB 796 has Distinctive Anti-inflammatory Effects on Different Cell Types.
Soyoon RYOO ; Jida CHOI ; Jaemyung KIM ; Suyoung BAE ; Jaewoo HONG ; Seunghyun JO ; Soohyun KIM ; Youngmin LEE
Immune Network 2013;13(6):283-288
The pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin (IL)-1beta are crucial mediators involved in chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory signal pathways regulate inflammatory cytokine expression-mediated by p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK). Therefore, considerable attention has been given to p38MAPK as a target molecule for the development of a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics. BIRB 796, one of p38MAPK inhibitor, is a candidate of therapeutic drug for chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of BIRB 796 on inflammatory cytokine productions by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in different immune cell types. BIRB 796 reduced LPS-mediated IL-8 production in THP-1 cells but not in Raw 264.7 cells. Further analysis of signal molecules by western blot revealed that BIRB 796 sufficiently suppressed LPS-mediated phosphorylation of p38MAPK in both cell types whereas it failed to block inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) degradation in Raw 264.7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory function of BIRB 796 depends on cell types.
Blotting, Western
;
Cytokines
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Interleukin-8
;
Interleukins
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Phosphorylation
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Protein Kinases
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Signal Transduction
;
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
2.Smoking-attributable Mortality in Korea, 2020: A Meta-analysis of 4 Databases
Eunsil CHEON ; Yeun Soo YANG ; Suyoung JO ; Jieun HWANG ; Keum Ji JUNG ; Sunmi LEE ; Seong Yong PARK ; Kyoungin NA ; Soyeon KIM ; Sun Ha JEE ; Sung-il CHO
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 2024;57(4):327-338
Objectives:
Estimating the number of deaths caused by smoking is crucial for developing and evaluating tobacco control and smoking cessation policies. This study aimed to determine smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) in Korea in 2020.
Methods:
Four large-scale cohorts from Korea were analyzed. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) of smoking-related death. By conducting a meta-analysis of these HRs, the pooled HRs of smoking-related death for 41 diseases were estimated. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated based on the smoking prevalence for 1995 in conjunction with the pooled HRs. Subsequently, SAM was derived using the PAF and the number of deaths recorded for each disease in 2020.
Results:
The pooled HR for all-cause mortality attributable to smoking was 1.73 for current men smokers (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53 to 1.95) and 1.63 for current women smokers (95% CI, 1.37 to 1.94). Smoking accounted for 33.2% of all-cause deaths in men and 4.6% in women. Additionally, it was a factor in 71.8% of men lung cancer deaths and 11.9% of women lung cancer deaths. In 2020, smoking was responsible for 53 930 men deaths and 6283 women deaths, totaling 60 213 deaths.
Conclusions
Cigarette smoking was responsible for a significant number of deaths in Korea in 2020. Monitoring the impact and societal burden of smoking is essential for effective tobacco control and harm prevention policies.