Objective To study the susceptible drugs for Fusarium , and provide references for clinical treatment. Methods 40 F.solani and 6 F.moniliforme isolates were examined for the susceptibility to 7 antifungal drugs : AmB, ketoconazoie, miconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole , 5 Fc, and terbinafin by broth microdilution of M38 P recommended by NCCLS. Results 40 F.solani :MIC50 AmB 4 ?g/ml, ketoconazoie 16 ?g/ml, fluconazole 64 ?g/ml, itraconazole 16 ?g/ml, 5 Fc 64 ?g/ml, miconazole 16 ?g/ml, terbinafin 0.25 ?g/ml. MIC90: In addition to AmB and terbinafin , others antifungal agents were similar to MIC50, AmB 8 ?g/ml, terbinafin 4 ?g/ml. 6 F.moniliforme: except AmB and fluconazole were similar to MIC50 of 40 F.solani , others were lower than F.solani MIC50. Conclusion The MIC of terbinafin MIC is lower than that of others drugs, it could be used in the treatment of infections coused by Fusarium sp .

OBJECTIVE:To understand the utilization of antihypertensives in our hospital.METHODS:150medical records of the patients who had received antihypertensives and were discharged in June,2002were collected.The kind,utiliza?tion and combined use of antihypertensives were analysed.RESULTS:The first4places of drugs used in order of number of case were angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors,?-receptor blocking agents,diuretics and calcium antagonists.The first3places of DDDs of antihypertensives were Betaloc,Benazepril and Fosinopril.DUI≤1.Most patients received a single agent or combination of two or three agents.CONCLUSION:The study shows that complications are frequent and so is the combined use of drugs,and the use of drugs is basically rational.

Objective To explore the relationship between organochlorine pesticides exposure after Tangshan earthquake and the breast cancer. Methods 1∶1 matched case-control study was conducted in 150 newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer with histopathological diagnosis from three city-level hospitals in Tangshan,China and 150 matched controls at the same hospitals,without the related diseases. The levels of derivatives of DDT and HCH in serum were measured by gas chromatography (GC) method and epidemiological survey were conducted by questionnaire for 150 pairs of cases and controls. The relationship between the organochlorine pesticides metabolites and the breast cancer of the exposed population was analyzed by conditional logistic regression model by SAS 8.2 Software. Results Compared with the control,significant higher rates of detection of p,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDT were seen in the case group and the levels of p,p'-DDE,?-HCH and ?-HCH in serum were higher in the case group,and there was a significant difference in serum residues levels of ?-HCH,p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDT in different exposure areas in Tangshan,the high exposure area showed higher residues levels than the low exposure area. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed high pesticides exposure after the earthquake,the serum residues of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT were associated with breast cancer risk,ORs were 6.592(95%CI:1.402-31.002),2.405(95%CI:1.033-5.600)and 1.845(95%CI:1.028-3.353) respectively. Conclusion Exposure to environmental organochlorines may be one of the risk factors for breast cancer; Higher pesticides exposure after the earthquake may increases breast cancer risk in Tangshan area.

OBJECTIVE:To practice over-the-counter service model in the outpatient pharmacy,to improve the phar-macy service quality of pharmaceutical care and to promote rational drug use.METHODS:The background,preparation,procedure and the whole operation courses in establishing the over-the-counter service model in the outpatient dispensary of our hospital were reviewed,summarized and analyzed.RESULTS:The working objectives and principles of the outpatient pharmacy have been established through the over-the-counter service model;pharmacists'position and responsibility,the operation norm,standardized service language,error-sharing system and the solution schemes for disputes have been further improved and consummated;pharmacists'service consciousness and techniques have been improved and their responsibilities have been reinforced.CONCLUSION:The implementation of the over-the-counter service model can facilitate the estab-lishment of excellent service system in the outpatient dispensary,manifest pharmacist'professional value,promote the at-tractive force of pharmaceutical care in hospital.

The Back-Shu points of the five Zang-organs are a group of points where qi and blood pour into the back and lumbar regions. Acupuncture at these points has a wide indication scope. However, it’s reported that internal organs were punctured in some cases because of improper control of needling depth, angle, and intensity during acupuncture. We used perpendicular needling instead of conventional oblique needling during the acupuncture of the Back-Shu points of the five Zang-organs. We found that when patients were completely relaxed, acupoints were correctly selected, the needling depth, the way of holding the needle, and inserting methods were well controlled, perpendicular needling of the Back-Shu points of the five Zang-organs can produce stronger needling sensation, and it’s easier to operate, safer, and more effective compared to oblique needling.

OBJECTIVE:To establish and carry out total quality management and evaluation system in hospital pharmacy. METHODS: The background and the implementation steps of the total quality management in hospital pharmacy were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS: Seven steps were included in total quality management of hospital pharmacy, i.e. role shifting of drug control room, transpositional thinking, orientation defining, network construction of quality management, improvement of quality management regimen, fusion of quality management with the construction of department culture. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of the new model of the total quality management in hospital pharmacy has contributed to the preliminary establishment of the quality evaluation standard for dispensing as well as the forming of the total quality control system in hospital pharmacy and the upgrading of the scientific management in hospital pharmacy.

Adverse Drug Event(ADE)is a major factor threatening patient safety.For now,the ADE detecting in China mostly relies on spontaneous reporting,a method detecting only a small proportion of ADEs,instead of reflecting the real-world clinical medication safety.Global Trigger Tool (GTT)is a relatively new method for detecting ADEs.This paper described the GTT as an effective and practical method for detecting ADEs,by introducing the history of GTT development,GTT basic principles,operating procedures,current relevant researches and application at home and aboard and comparing with other ADE detection methods.The GTT can evaluate the clinical medication safety in various medical institutions.In particular,it can target specific clinical departments or certain people to detect ADEs for obtaining more evidences of clinical medication safety.That is the reason that we recommend medical institutions at all levels learn and use GTT.

Objective: To develop a method for the determination of lacidipine (LAC) in human plasma.Methods: After liquid-liquid extraction with tert-butyl methyl ether, the plasma samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS.Using lacidipine-13C8 as the internal standard, a Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C18 column (150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm) was used with the mobile phase consisting of water(containing 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate)-acetonitrile(15∶85,v/v)at a flow rate of 0.3 ml·min-1 and with the column temperature at 40 ℃.The ion transitions were performed in a positive electrospray ionization multiple reaction-monitoring mode regarding + as the molecular ion peak of lacidipine and monitoring with m/z 473.5→m/z 410.3, m/z 473.5→m/z 400.1 and m/z 473.5→m/z 354.3.The internal standard was monitored with m/z 481.4→m/z 362.3.Results: The linear range of lacidipine was 0.1-10 ng·ml-1 (r＞0.99) and the lower quantification limit was 0.1 ng·ml-1.The intra-and inter-day RSDs were 3.15%-7.04% and the relative error was from-8.58% to 12.71%.The mean relative recovery of lacidipine was from 107% to 118% (RSD＜15%).The plasma samples were stable at-20℃ for 40 d and kept stable after three repeated freeze-thaw cycles.The prepared samples were stable at room temperature for 24 h and in the automatic sample injector (4℃) for 24 h(RSD＜15%).Conclusion: The developed assay method can be applied in the bioequivalence evaluation and pharmacokinetic studies of lacidipine in human.

Objective: To establish an education program for resident pharmacists to improve clinical problem solving skills with pharmaceutical knowledge.Methods: A case-based education program for resident pharmacists with drug knowledge was established after a questionnaire survey in resident pharmacists and the discussion with clinical teachers.A teaching team was built and the resident pharmacists were divided into several study groups.After a pilot run, the program was operated in pharmacy department.The program was divided into 10 sections by drug indications, and each section was composed of basic drug knowledge lecture and case discussions, which mobilized the study initiative of resident pharmacists.At the half time, resident pharmacists and clinical teachers participated in a midterm survey by a questionnaire.Results: More than 95% resident pharmacists and teachers believed that basic drug knowledge lecture before case discussion was necessary, and compared with previous trainings, the program could further increase study interests of resident pharmacists and improve the clinical problem solving skills.However, 33.3% resident pharmacists and 60% teachers thought the cases were difficult, and 18.5% resident pharmacists and 10% teachers disagreed the cases were close to the actual work.Conclusion: The program is effective in drug knowledge training for resident pharmacists, which can improve pharmaceutical care for patients, while further modifications are still needed to satisfy the demands of resident pharamcists with different working years.

To improve the quality of postgraduate students,school of medicine of Shanghai Jiao Tong University have offered medical molecular genetics course to postgraduates and obtained good teaching efficiency. More than ten professors gave lectures on the academic foreland,leading students to find and solve academic problems and training practical and innovative ability of students. Accord-ing to the questionnaires of evaluation of the course and suggestions from postgraduates in the recent two years,some recommendations for the further teaching reform were proposed,such as using multi-plex teaching models,strengthening communication for teaching information with the students,em-ploying comprehensive evaluation methods and strengthening coordination and management of the course.