PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between health behaviors and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among vulnerable children in a community. METHODS: Using data from 'The Obesity Prevention Framework for Vulnerable Children', a secondary analysis was conducted for 165 children (ages 8~12 years) and their parents who were recruited from 16 K-gu Community Child Centers in Seoul. Six types of health behaviors related to eating and activity were assessed. Each behavior was categorized into the non-recommended vs. recommended levels. The scores of the recommended levels of the six health behaviors were summed up for the composite score of health behaviors. HRQOL was measured by KIDSCREEN-52. RESULTS: The groups with a non-recommended level of fast food intake and sedentary behavior had a significantly lower total score of KIDSCREEN-52 than those with a recommended level. Moreover, the lower composite score of health behaviors was significantly associated with the lower total score of KIDSCREEN-52. CONCLUSION: Among the vulnerable children, the six recommended health behaviors and their composite score were in significant positive associations with the HRQOL levels. Therefore, nursing strategies for enhancing the recommended levels of health behaviors are needed for vulnerable children.
Child* ; Eating ; Fast Foods ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Parents ; Quality of Life* ; Seoul ; Vulnerable Populations ; Child Health

Purpose: This study aimed to valuate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the 5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination (K-5C) scale. Methods: The English version of the 5C scale was translated into Korean, following the World Health Organization guidelines. Data were collected from 316 community-dwelling adults. Content validity was evaluated using the content validity index, while construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was examined by assessing the correlation with vaccination attitude, and concurrent validity was evaluated by examining the association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination status. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also evaluated. Results: Content validity results indicated an item-level content validity index ranging from .83 to 1, and scale-level content validity index, averaging method was .95. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of the measurement model, comprising a five-factor structure with a 15-item questionnaire (RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .05, CFI = .97, TLI = .96). Convergent validity was acceptable with a significant correlation between each sub-scale of the 5C scale and vaccination attitude. In concurrent validity evaluation, confidence, constraints, and collective responsibility of the 5C scale were significant independent predictors of the current COVID-19 vaccination status. Cronbach’s alpha for each subscale ranged from .78 to .88, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for each subscale ranged from .67 to .89. Conclusion The Korean version of the 5C scale is a valid and reliable tool to assess the psychological antecedents of vaccination among Korean adults.

Owing to donor-related issues, blood shortages and transfusion-related adverse reactions have become global issues of grave concern. In vitro manufactured red blood cells (RBCs) are promising substitutes for blood donation. In the United Kingdom, a clinical trial for allogeneic mini transfusion of cultured RBCs derived from primary hematopoietic stem cells has recently begun. However, current production quantities are limited and need improved before clinical use. New methods to enhance manufacturing efficiencies have been explored, including different cell sources, bioreactors, and 3-dimensional (3D) materials; however, further research is required. In this review, we discuss various cell sources for blood cell production, recent advances in bioreactor manufacturing processes, and the clinical applications of cultured blood.

Purpose: In this study, we examined change in the number of cataract surgeries from 2013 to 2018, since the implementation of institutional changes in 2012, and the introduction of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) and a gradual reduction in selective-medical expenses from 2014. Methods: Based on data from the main surgery statistical yearbook provided by the Korea National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS), we extracted the number of cataract surgeries nationwide by year from 2013 to 2018. Data were divided by sex, age, regions, and level of healthcare providers in an effort to understand changes that occurred in the number of cataract surgeries and the reasons for these changes. Statistical analysis was carried out using joint point regression. Results: The total number of cataract surgeries per 100,000 people increased by 32.9% over the six-year period, with an annual average increase of 5.9%. Females (58.0-59.2%) had more cataract surgeries than males (40.8-42.0%). Additionally, the number of cataract surgeries per 100,000 people rose over the six-year time frame for those aged under 40 years, and for those in their 40s, 50s, and 60s. In terms of regions and patients’ residence, urban areas such as Seoul, Pusan, and Daegu showed an increase in surgeries performed; most provinces, however, with the exception of Jeju Island, indicated a relative decline in cataract surgeries. There was no difference in the number of cataract surgeries performed over the six-year period in terms of the level of healthcare providers. Conclusions The number of cataract surgeries per 100,000 people rose over the six-year period between 2013 and 2018. By region, an increasing trend was observed in urban areas; however, the level of the healthcare providers did not appear to have an effect on the number of cataract surgeries performed.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of recognition on low fertility and views of marriage on childbirth will in university students. METHODS: Participants were 190 university students in Chungchungnamdo province, Korea. The data were collected from May to October 2018 and examined using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple regression with IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 24.0. RESULTS: Childbirth will was significantly correlated with recognition on low fertility (r=0.20, p=0.002) and views on marriage (r=0.53, p<0.001). Factors associated with childbirth will were views on marriage (β=0.24, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Theses results suggests that views on marriage have important influences on childbirth will in university students. To improve childbirth will, the positive views on marriage need to be formulated in university students.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of oral swab and non-swab using cold water gauze on patients’ thirst and oral status following nasal surgery under general anesthesia. Methods: A non-equivalent control group was applied. Participants were divided into a control group (n=30) that was treated by cared for with cold water gauze application without oral swab and an experimental group (n=29) that was treated cared for with oral swab using cold water gauze after nasal surgery at the G University Hospital in Korea. Data were collected from May 14, 2020, to April 30, 2021, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, a chi-squared test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in thirst (U=-0.04, p=.693) and overall oral condition (U=-0.34, p=.813) after the intervention. However, participants’ thirst and oral condition were significantly improved in each group after intervention. Conclusions It was confirmed that both oral care methods reduced thirst and improved oral condition after nasal surgery. These findings indicate the need for intervention for patients’ thirst and oral condition after nasal surgery. Furthermore, they show that these oral care protocols can be used as a safe and effective nursing intervention for patients who undergo nasal surgery under general anesthesia.

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic gastrectomy in early gastric cancer patients is accepted as standard, but it is sometimes challenging for patients who refuse blood transfusions such as Jehovah's Witness (JW) patients, because of the risk of bleeding related to radical lymph node dissection. This study aimed to confirm the adequacy and safety of laparoscopic gastrectomy with D1+ lymphadenectomy in JW patients. METHODS: From January 2009 to December 2015, 265 gastric cancer patients underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy in our institute. Among them, there were 25 JW, and they were statistically matched with 75 patients from the control groups depending on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). In a retrospective review, patient laboratory values and their pathology results were analysed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference when comparing the clinical characteristics of JW and control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in blood loss or operation time between the two groups. Mean blood loss was 202.4±172.6 ml in the JW group and 179.7±163.8 ml in the control group (p=0.556). The number of retrieved lymph nodes was 27.8±13.9 in the JW group and 29.3±12.1 in the control group (p=0.607). Haemoglobin and haematocrit were measured after surgery and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic D1+ gastrectomy in a JW may be performed with an equivalent risk to the control group. Laparoscopic gastrectomy can be applied to Jehovah's Witnesses if the specialied cancer center has sufficient experience in stomach cancer surgery, even if there is not enough experience in bloodless surgery.
Blood Transfusion ; Bloodless Medical and Surgical Procedures ; Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies* ; Gastrectomy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Jehovah's Witnesses ; Lymph Node Excision* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Background: The present study employed National Health Insurance Data to explore complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) updated epidemiology in a Korean context. Methods: A CRPS cohort for the period 2009-2016 was created based on Korean Standard Classification of Diseases codes alongside the national registry. The general CRPS incidence rate and the yearly incidence rate trend for every CRPS type were respectively the primary and secondary outcomes. Among the analyzed risk factors were age, sex, region, and hospital level for the yearly trend of the incidence rate for every CRPS. Statistical analysis was performed via the chi-square test and the linear and logistic linear regression tests. Results: Over the research period, the number of registered patients was 122,210.The general CRPS incidence rate was 15.83 per 100,000, with 19.5 for type 1 and 12.1 for type 2. The condition exhibited a declining trend according to its overall occurrence, particularly in the case of type 2 (P < 0.001). On the other hand, registration was more pervasive among type 1 compared to type 2 patients (61.7% vs.38.3%), while both types affected female individuals to a greater extent. Regarding age, individuals older than 60 years of age were associated with the highest prevalence in both types, regardless of sex (P< 0.001). Conclusions CRPS displayed an overall incidence of 15.83 per 100,000 in Korea and a declining trend for every age group which showed a negative association with the aging shift phenomenon.

Background: The present study employed National Health Insurance Data to explore complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) updated epidemiology in a Korean context. Methods: A CRPS cohort for the period 2009-2016 was created based on Korean Standard Classification of Diseases codes alongside the national registry. The general CRPS incidence rate and the yearly incidence rate trend for every CRPS type were respectively the primary and secondary outcomes. Among the analyzed risk factors were age, sex, region, and hospital level for the yearly trend of the incidence rate for every CRPS. Statistical analysis was performed via the chi-square test and the linear and logistic linear regression tests. Results: Over the research period, the number of registered patients was 122,210.The general CRPS incidence rate was 15.83 per 100,000, with 19.5 for type 1 and 12.1 for type 2. The condition exhibited a declining trend according to its overall occurrence, particularly in the case of type 2 (P < 0.001). On the other hand, registration was more pervasive among type 1 compared to type 2 patients (61.7% vs.38.3%), while both types affected female individuals to a greater extent. Regarding age, individuals older than 60 years of age were associated with the highest prevalence in both types, regardless of sex (P< 0.001). Conclusions CRPS displayed an overall incidence of 15.83 per 100,000 in Korea and a declining trend for every age group which showed a negative association with the aging shift phenomenon.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the dimensional change of 3D-printed dentures after post-curing. Materials and Methods: The upper and lower dentures were designed in Exocad DentalCAD software and exported as STL files. The upper and lower dentures were printed from 10 STL files using a DLP-type dental 3D printer. The printed upper and lower dentures were cleaned, and a scan file was created using a model scanner before and after post-curing. The dimensional change was evaluated by superimposing the scanned denture files before and after post-curing and measuring the distance between measurement points on the denture. SPSS was used for statistics, and the level of significance was 5%. Results: The maxillary denture reduced in size during post-curing, with the most notable color change occurring in the posterior palatal region. The reduction in anteroposterior maxillary denture length (A-D, A-E, A-F), as well as the distance between the first molars on both sides (B-C), was statistically significant. After post-curing, the mandibular denture showed more noticeable color change in the posteriorly buccal and lingual region. The decrease of length on the posterior (A-M, A-D, A-E, A-L, A-H, A-I, H-I) and lingual (J-K, L-M) sides of the denture were statistically significant. Conclusion There was significant dimensional change in both the length and width of the 3D-printed maxillary and mandibular dentures after post-curing in this experiment. Consequently, it is seemed necessary to develop post-curing techniques and materials that reduce such denture deformation.